Winter 2012 Minnesota Plant Press ~ Minnesota Native Plant Society Newsletter

7/31/2019 Winter 2012 Minnesota Plant Press ~ Minnesota Native Plant Society Newsletter

1/8

Ldmmny`sj Qhjms Q{nyy

Sn Ldmmny`sj Mjsdvn Qhjms Yìdnst Mnryhnssn{

rrr-lmmqy-`{bV`h~ln 9: M~lkn{ : Rdmsn{ ;1:;

L`mseht lnnsdmbySe`lqy`m Qj{g Inmsn{/Cjg`sj

H`cbnSe`lqy`m I`~mst Qj{g

961 K~shn{ Jvn- N-(Rnys Ys- Qj~h( LM >>::5

Q{`b{jlySen Ldmmny`sj Mjsdvn Qhjms

Yìdnst lnnsy sen {ys Se~{ycjtdm @is`kn{( M`vnlkn{( Cninlkn{(Fnk{~j{t( Lj{ie( Jq{dh( Ljt( jmcO~mn- Ienig js rrr-lmmqy-`{bf`{ l`{n q{`b{jl dmf`{ljsd`m-

6 q-l- Yìdjh qn{d`c2 4 q-l- Q{`b{jl( Yìdnst

k~ydmnyy

Dm sedy dyy~nLj{ie ;3 ytlq`yd~l---------------;Yìdnst mnry ---------------------------;Hj Yjhhn Hjgn( qe`s`y ----------------9Qjbjld I{nng {n ------------------3Mnr k`j{c lnlkn{------------------->@~{ 91se jmmdvn{yj{t---------------->C` rn h`vn `~{ hjgny0 --------------6C`mjsd`m s` {nf~bn( njynlnmsy--6Qhjms H`{n?Jmnl`mn qjsnmy ---2

Fnk- ;? ^ydmb Qhjmsy s` JyynyyRnshjmc Z~jhdst dm Ldmmny`sj sen Mnus Bnmn{jsd`m(kt Ldiejnh

K`~{cjbey( {nynj{ie yidnmsdys f`{sen QIJ- Qhjms,`f,sen,L`mse?S~yyìg yncbn %Ij{nu ys{disj$-

Lj{ie :? Mjs~{jh Edys`{t`f Ljqhn Yt{~q Q{`c~isd`m( ktC{- Ysnqenm B- Yj~qn( q{`fnyy`{(Kd`h`bt Cnqj{slnms( I`hhnbn `f Ys-Knmncdis jmc Ys- Oèmy ^mdvn{ydst-Qhjms,`f,sen,L`mse? Khjig ljqhn%Jin{ mdb{~l$( jhy` kt C{- Yj~qn-

Lj{ie ;3? Ytlq`yd~l `mQhjmsy `f Ldmmny`sj- Ynn qjbn ;-

Jq{dh >? Ysjhgdmb {j{n mjsdvnqhjmsy(kt Ljhi`hl jmc [`ynlj{tLjiFj{hjmn( v`h~msnn{y( CM[I`~mst Kd`h`bdijh Y~{vn{t- Qhjms,`f,sen,L`mse? Hnjys l``mr`{s%K`s{tied~l snmnk{`y~l$-

Ljt 9? Rdhc @{iedcy `fLdmmny`sj( kt Rnhkt Yldse(k`sjmdys( Ldmmny`sj CM[- Qhjms,`f,sen,L`mse? Ijyny hjcdny,s{nyyny%Yqd{jmseny ijynd$-

Hj Yjhhn Hjgn Y[J ejy jhjmcyijqn s` nuqn{dnminkt N{dgj [`rn( Ldmmny`sj I`~mst Kd`h`bt Y~{vnt qhjms ni`h`bdys( CM[

jmc f`{ln{ LMMQY k`j{c lnlkn{-Jy j qhjms ni`h`bdys rdse sen CM[y Ldmmny`sj I`~mst Kd`h`bdijh Y~{vnt

D ejvn edgnc ljmt ldhny jmc ynnm j vj{dnst `f hjmcyijqny dm m`{sernysn{m

Ldmmny`sj- Tns sen hjmcyijqn y~{{`~mcdmb Hj Yjhhn Hjgn jmc I{nng( o~ysm`{se `f Dsjyij Ysjsn Qj{g dm E~kkj{c I`~mst( dllncdjsnht ys``c `~s jy~mdz~n- Ds fnhs {nl`sn jmc rdhc( rdse ysnnq( {~bbnc yh`qny rdse {nc qdmn jmckjhyjl {( {ìgt {jvdmny rdse ys{njly k`{cn{nc kt redsn qdmn jmc y~bj{ljqhn( jmc `hc,b{`rse incj{ ynnqjbn yrjlqy- Jk`vn sen vjhhnt( `m senjssn{ sn{{jdm( nuqjmydvn `jg( jyqnm jmc ljqhn f`{nysy f{jln sedy ys~mmdmbhjgn jmc vjhhnt-

F`{s~mjsnht( m`r `sen{y ijm nuqh`{n sedy hjmcyijqn jy rnhh- @m @is;2( ;1::( sen Ysjsn `f Ldmmny`sj q~{iejync jqq{ùdljsnht :(111 ji{nyy~{{`~mcdmb Hj Yjhhn Hjgn( nysjkhdyedmb Ldmmny`sjy mnrnys ysjsn{ni{njsd`m j{nj %Y[J$- Sen Ihnjm Rjsn{( Hjmc jmc Hnbjit Jlnmclnms Ji

yqnidijhht sen @~sc``{ En{dsjbn F~mc q{`vdcnc l~ie `f sen f~mcys` jiz~d{n sedy q{`qn{st- Dm jccdsd`m( jm j{nj jcojinms s` sen Y[J( m`{se `fE~kkj{c I`- [c- 4( ejy knnm nysjkhdyenc jy j Yidnmsdi jmc Mjs~{jh J{nj%YMJ$-

Hj Yjhhn Hjgn( sen edbehdbes `f sedy nus{j`{cdmj{t hjmcyijqn( dy j hj{bn%;;3 ji{ny$ hjgn sejs dy `mn `f sen cnnqnys %;:9 fnns$ dm Ldmmny`sj- Ds ejy:5(611 fnns f ye`{nhdmn( jmc l~ie f dsy dmq~s dy yq{dmb,fnc- Ds dy {nlj{gjkhtrdhc jmc yinmdi( ejvdmb mnvn{ knnm cnvnh`qnc( jydcn f{`l sen vn{t m`{sen{mncbn ren{n j {ny`{s ij{nsjgn{y e`ln ydsy jh`mb rdse j fnr ijkdmy jmck~dhcdmby {nlmjmsy `f sen q{nvd`~y `rmn{y-

Ynvn{jh cdffn{nms mjsdvn qhjms i`ll~mdsdny nudys dm sen Hj Yjhhn Hjgnj{nj( jmc knij~yn `f sen ydbmdijmsnhnvjsd`m iejmbn se{`~be`~s senj{nj jmc sen lt{djc yh`qn jyqnisy(sen vnbnsjsd`m `f sen j{nj dyi`lqhnu- Senyn mjs~{jh i`ll~mdsdnyy~qq`{s j m~lkn{ `f {j{n yqnidnydmih~cdmb {jly,enjc hjctyhdqqn{ %Itq{dqncd~l j{dnsdm~l$(m`{sen{m `jg fn{m %Btlmìj{qd~l{`kn{sdjm~l$( ejd{,hdgn yncbn%Ij{nu ijqdhhj{dy$( s{~lqnsn{ yrjmy

I`msdm~nc `m qjbn 9


2/8

Ldmmny`sj Mjsdvn Qhjms Yìdnsty q~{q`yn%Jkk{nvdjsnc f{`l sen kthjry$

Sedy `{bjmdjsd`m dy nuih~ydvnht `{bjmdnc jmc `qn{jsnc f`{

nc~ijsd`mjh jmc yidnmsdi q~{q`yny( dmih~cdmb sen f`hh`rdmb-

I`myn{vjsd`m `f jhh mjsdvn qhjmsy-:-

I`msdm~dmb nc~ijsd`m `f jhh lnlkn{y dm sen qhjms yidnminy-;-

Nc~ijsd`m `f sen q~khdi {nbj{cdmb nmvd{`mlnmsjh q{`snisd`m `f qhjms9-

hdfn-Nmi`~{jbnlnms `f {nynj{ie jmc q~khdijsd`my `m qhjmsy mjsdvn s`3-

Ldmmny`sj-

Ys~ct `f hnbdyhjsd`m `m Ldmmny`sj `{j( vnbnsjsd`m( ni`ytsnly->-

Q{nyn{vjsd`m `f mjsdvn qhjmsy( qhjms i`ll~mdsdny( jmc yidnmsdi jmc6-

mjs~{jh j{njy-

I``qn{jsd`m dm q{`b{jly i`min{mnc rdse sen ni`h`bt `f mjs~{jh2-

{ny`~{iny jmc yinmdi fnjs~{ny-

Fnhh`ryedq rdse jhh qn{y`my dmsn{nysnc dm mjsdvn qhjmsy se{`~be5-

lnnsdmby( hnis~{ny( r`{gye`qy( jmc nhc s{dqy-

LMMQY K`j{c

`f Cd{nis`{yQ{nydcnms? Yi`ss Ldhk~{m( yi`ssldhk~{mAlmmqy-`{b

Vdin Q{nydcnms? Yed{hnt LjeG``tljm( yed{hnt-lje-g``tljmA

lmmqy-`{bYni{nsj{t( q{`b{jl i``{cdmjs`{Jmc{y L`{jmsny( jmc{nyl`{jmsnyAlmmqy-`{b

S{njy~{n{y( lnlkn{yedq cjsj kjyn[`m jmc Ijset E~kn{({`m-e~kn{Almmqy-`{b

Gnm J{mcs? k`j{c lnlkn{( nhcs{dq iejd{( gnm-j{mcsAlmmqy-`{b

Ldiejnh K`~{cjbey? k`j{c lnlkn{

ldiejnh-k`~{cjbeyAlmmqy-`{b@ss` Bìgljm? k`j{c lnlkn{`ss`-bìgljmAlmmqy-`{b

Nhdjknse Enig? k`j{c lnlkn{rnkljysn{( nhdjknse-enigAlmmqy`{b

Cjmdnh O`mny? k`j{c lnlkn{cjmdnh-o`mnyAlmmqy-`{b

Qnsn{ O`{cjm? k`j{c lnlkn{( qnsn{o`{cjmAlmmqy-`{b

Ldgn Htmie? k`j{c lnlkn{( ldgnhtmieAlmmqy-`{b

Ysnqenm B- Yj~qn? k`j{c lnlkn{ysnqenm-yj~qnAlmmqy-`{b

Fdnhc S{dqy? nhcs{dqy-lmmqyAlmmqy-`{b

Lnlkn{yedqy? lnlkn{yedqylmmqyAlmmqy-`{b

Edys`{djm,J{iedvny? [`t [`kdy`medys`{djm,j{iedvny-lmmqyAlmmqy

`{b

Sniemdijh `{ lnlkn{yedqdmz~d{dny? i`msjis-lmmqyAlmmqy`{b

Ldmmny`sj Qhjms Q{nyy ncds`{Bn{{t C{nr{t( 6>:,369,5116qhjmsq{nyy-lmmqyAlmmqy-`{b

Z~nysd`my0 B` s` ~{ rnkydsn?rrr-lmmqy-`{b

Lj{ie ;3 ytlq`yd~lrdhh fnjs~{n qhjmsykt Yi`ss Ldhk~{m( LMMQY q{nydcnms-

@~{ jqq{`jie s` sen LMMQY Ytlq`yd~l sedy tnj{ cdffn{y f{`l sejs `f{ninms tnj{y- Rn ejvn knnm fì~ync `m {nbd`my jmc hjmcf`{ly( k~s sedy dyj yqnidjh tnj{ sen Yìdnst dy lj{gdmb 91 tnj{y jy jm `{bjmdjsd`m- Rdse

sejs dm ldmc( sen l`ys y~dsjkhn s`qdi dy qhjmsy-Rn ejvn knnm hdmdmb ~q yqnjgn{y( jmc sedmby j{n l`vdmb f`{rj{c- Dm

jccdsd`m( rn j{n sen knmnfjis`{y `f jm jm`mtl`~y c`mjsd`m `f #>(111-[jsen{ sejm c`mjsdmb sedy l`mnt s` `sen{ `{bjmdjsd`my( jy rn ejvn knnmc`dmb `vn{ sen qjys fnr tnj{y( rn cnidcnc sejs sen knys ~yn dy f`{ senYìdnst dsynhf- D jl qhnjync s` yjt sejs sedy jhh`ry ~y s` k{dmb sr` q{`ldmnmsk`sjmdysy f{`l `~sydcn `f Ldmmny`sj s` `~{ ytlq`yd~l-

Sen {ys dy C{- C`m Fj{{j{ `f D`rj Ysjsn ^mdvn{ydst( re` dy rnhhgm`rm f`{ edy {nynj{ie `f l``mr`{sy- Sen yni`mc dy C{- S`mt [nmding(`f sen ^mdvn{ydst `f Ldiedbjm- C{- [nmding ljt kn knys gm`rm f`{ edyj~se`{yedq `f sen yncbn i`lq`mnms `f sen Fh`{j `f M`{se Jln{dij yn{dny-

En ejy jhy` knnm ej{c js r`{g ~qcjsdmb sen Ldiedbjm Fh`{j dms` j `mn,v`h~ln q~khdijsd`m- Sen ytlq`yd~l ye`~hc kn j vn{t nuidsdmb cjt- Ysjts~mnc f`{ f~{sen{ cnsjdhy-

Sen ytlq`yd~l rdhh kn enhcLj{ie ;3 jmc rdhh kn js sen KnhhL~yn~l `f Mjs~{jh Edys`{t `m sen^mdvn{ydst `f Ldmmny`sj ijlq~y-Sen i`ys rdhh kn #3; f`{ lnlkn{yjmc #91 f`{ f~hh,sdln ys~cnmsy- D jlm`s y~{n jk`~s sen sdlny tns( k~ssent rdhh kn dm sen k{ìe~{ny- Senynrdhh kn ljdhnc dm sen knbdmmdmb `fFnk{~j{t-

;

S{njy~{n{y {nq`{sS{njy~{n{y [`m jmc Ijset E~kn{

{nq`{s sejs sen Ldmmny`sj MjsdvnQhjms Yìdnsty ;1:: dmi`ln s`sjhhnc#:2(246- Sedy dmih~cnc #>(953 dmc`mjsd`my- Nuqnmyny s`sjhhnc #4(>:>(f`{ j mns dmi`ln `f #5(;51-

Jyynsy f #;>(955 dmih~cn #5(494dm f`~{ ICy jmc #:6(949 dm sen

ienigdmb jii`~ms-


3/8

%Itbm~y k~iidmjs`{$ jmc sr` ijccdyt yqnidny %@utnsed{j dsjyijn jmc @-ni`{m~sj$- Sen j{njy jk~mcjms jmccdvn{yn ejkdsjsy j{n jhy` {die rdsei`ll`m qhjmsy( dmih~cdmb :; yqnidny`f `{iedcy7 jmdljhy dmih~cdmb {dvn{

`ssn{( b{jt r`hf( yen{( kjhc njbhn(`yq{nt( h``my7 jmc ljmt yqnidny `f

r``chjmc rj{khn{y-

Sedy nus{j`{cdmj{t hjmcyijqnc`nyms ys`q js sen Y[Jy y`~sen{mk`~mcj{t( e`rnvn{- Sen nmsd{nhjmcyijqn D `~shdmnc f`{ senkd`h`bdijh y~{vnt( j ldu `f q~khdijmc q{dvjsn `rmn{yedq( dy j 9(;11,ji{n i`{{dc`{ ys{nsiedmb f{`l seni`m~nmin `f sen Ldyydyydqqd [dvn{jmc Hj Yjhhn I{nng s` Dsjyij YsjsnQj{g- Hj Yjhhn I{nng( `{dbdmjsdmb

Hj Yjhhn Hjgn Y[JI`msdm~nc f{`l qjbn :

mnj{ sen njys j{l `f Hjgn Dsjyijlnjmcn{y m`{se :: ldhny jh`mb jmj{{`r vjhhnt ``{ se{`~be rnslnjc`ry( ye{~k yrjlqy jmch`rhjmc ynnqjbn f`{nysy-

F`~{ hjgny `f vj{tdmb ydn jmccnqse ìi~{ jh`mb sen i{nngy{`~sn- Sen i{nng nvnms~jhht o`dmysen Ldyydyydqqd [dvn{ o~ys m`{se `fHj Yjhhn Hjgn( rdsedm sen mnrhtjiz~d{nc YMJ- Sedy mj{{`r vjhhnt dym`snr`{set( jy ds ejy knnm dcnmsdncjy j s~mmnh vjhhnt f`{lnc c~{dmb senZ~jsn{mj{t Qn{d`c jmc dy q{nynms jssen o~mis~{n `f sr` cdysdmis j{njy `fbhjidjh cnq`ydsy( sen Dsjyij L`{jdmnjmc sen B~se{dn Sdhh Qhjdm-

Knydcny sen nus{j`{cdmj{t mjs~{j{ny`~{iny `f sen Hj Yjhhn Hjgn j{njmjlnc jfsn{ sen F{nmie nuqh`{n{

[nm,[`kn{s Ijvnhdn{( Ydn~{ cn HjYjhhn( ds dy {die dm i~hs~{jh {ny`~{iny jyrnhh- J Mjsdvn Jln{dijm q{nedys`{diydsn rjy cdyi`vn{nc dm sen nj{ht:441y jcojinms s` Hj Yjhhn I{nng dmrejs dy m`r sen mnr YMJ- In{jldiyej{cy {ni`vn{nc f{`l sen ydsn ejvnknnm cjsnc jk`~s 9(:51 tnj{y `hc`mn `f sen nj{hdnys gm`rm cjsny f`{jm Nhg Hjgn I~hs~{n ìi~qjsd`m dmLdmmny`sj-

Sen CM[ ejy dmdsdjsnc sen

q{ìnyy s` i{njsn j ljysn{ qhjm s`b~dcn cnvnh`qlnms( ljmjbnlnms`f mjs~{jh jmc i~hs~{jh {ny`~{inys`~{dyl( jmc {ni{njsd`m f`{ Hj YjhhnHjgn Y[J f`{ sen mnus :> s` ;1 tnj{yD nmi`~{jbn se`yn re` j{n dmsn{nysncdm q{`vdcdmb dmq~s `m sen q{ònis s`b` s`? rrr-cm{-ysjsn-lm-~y/ysjsnPqj{gy/hjPyjhhnPhjgn jmc ihdig `m senBns Dmv`hvnc* e`shdmg- Hj YjhhnHjgn Ysjsn [ni{njsd`m J{nj dy m`r

`qnm s` sen q~khdi( k~s {ni{njsd`mj`qq`{s~mdsdny j{n hdldsnc s` cjt~yn-

Hj Yjhhn Hjgn( dy sen edbehdbes `f sen mnr Ysjsn [ni{njsd`m J{nj- K`seqe`s`y kt N{dgj [`rn-

Hj Yjhhn I{nng rdmcy y`~se sen mnr Y[J-

Rdhc @mny i`mfn{nminRdhc @mny ;1:; Cnydbm Rdse

Mjs~{n i`mfn{nmin rdhh kn Yjs~{cjtFnk- ;>( 5 j-l- s` 3?91 q-l- js senQhtl`~se I{nng Inmsn{( :3511 93seJvn-( Qhtl`~se( LM( >>332- L`{ndmf`{ljsd`m dy jvjdhjkhn js rrrcnydbmrdsemjs~{ni`mfn{nmin-`{b/

9


4/8

f`{nysy rn{n qj{s f sen i`ms{`vn{ydjhQ`{sjh _`mn dm sen y`~se inms{jhKRIJR( redie ejc jisdvn h`bbdmbrdsedm sen rdhcn{mnyy c~{dmb senldcchn `f sen ;1se inms~{t-

Qn{ejqy sedy {n rdhh enhq q~yesedy yni`mc,b{`rse f`{nys s`rj{cyl`{n mjs~{jh i`mcdsd`my- Ds rjy jvn{t ynvn{n {n c~{dmb hjsn y~lln{

jmc nj{ht fjhh( j i`ll`m qjssn{mf`{ edys`{dijh {ny dm sen KRIJR(y` sejs ds sy {dbes dm rdse sen {nìi~{{nminy `f sen :5se jmc :4seinms~{dny-

Sen ~m~y~jh sdln qn{d`c dm senedys`{t `f sen KRIJR rjy sen;1se inms~{t( redie ejc hnyy {n c~ns` ihdljsn iejmbn( f{jblnmsjsd`m`f sen hjmcyijqn y~{{`~mcdmb senrdhcn{mnyy( jmc {n y~qq{nyyd`m-

Rdse sen se{nn hj{bn {ny `f senhjys cnijcn( sen {n {nbdln `f senKRIJR ejy {njrjgnmnc- Rensen{sedy en{jhcy j {ns~{m s` sen `hc{nbdln( `{ j l~ie l`{n f{nz~nms{n {nbdln sejs rn nuqnis rdse

@m J~b- :5( ;1::( sen QjbjldI{nng {n rjy dbmdsnc kt hdbesmdmbdm Sen K`~mcj{t Rjsn{y Ijm`nJ{nj Rdhcn{mnyy( jk`~s :3 ldhnynjys `f Nht- Sen {n rjy jhh`rncs` k~{m knij~yn ds lns sen F`{nysYn{vdin i{dsn{dj f`{ RF^ %RdhchjmcFd{n ^yn-$ ^mcn{ sedy q`hdit( {ny dmin{sjdm hìjsd`my jmc ~mcn{ in{sjdmi`mcdsd`my j{n m`s y~qq{nyync( s`

enhq {nys`{n sen mjs~{jh {`hn `f {ndm rdhcn{mnyy j{njy-

Jy sen {n yl`hcn{nc jmc k~{mnchdsshn f`{nys f`{ l`{n sejm se{nnrnngy( j c{`~bes cnvnh`qnc( jmc `mYnqs- :;( c{t i`mcdsd`my i`lkdmncrdse edbe rdmcy ij~ync sen {n s`kh`r ~q- Ds b{nr {jqdcht s` jk`~s49(111 ji{ny dm ydn vn{ sen mnus sr`cjty- Sen yl`gn rjy m`sdinjkhn dmIedijb`( jmc sen qh~ln rjy s{jinc

se{`~be Q`hjmc jmc nvnms~jhht sÌedmj-

Js :3> yz~j{n ldhny( sedy rjyhj{bn{ sejm sen ::;,yz~j{n,ldhn EjlHjgn Fd{n `f ;112( jmc sen hj{bnys{n dm sen KRIJR ydmin :52>-E`rnvn{( ds rjy yljhh i`lqj{ncs` sen hj{bnys {ny dm sen 311,tnj{edys`{t `f {n {ni`mys{~isd`m dm senKRIJR- Fdvn {ny rn{n hj{bn{(dmih~cdmb {ny `f ;2>( ;>2 jmc 393

yz~j{n ldhny dm :52>( :2>> jmc :56>({nyqnisdvnht( jy cì~lnmsnc ktK~c Endmynhljm dm edy :446 k``g(Sen K`~mcj{t Rjsn{y Rdhcn{mnyyNi`ytysnl-

Sen {n k~{mnc y`ln `hc(~mh`bbnc f`{nysy `f {nc( redsn jmcojig qdmn( k~s l`ysht ds k~{mncyni`mc,b{`rse kd{ie jmc jyqnmf`{nysy rdse y~kysjmsdjh jl`~msy `fyq{~in( { jmc qdmn ldunc dm- Senyn

j rj{ldmb ihdljsn {nljdmy s` knynnm-

Fd{ny gdhh s{nny kt? %:$ s`sjh i{`rmyi`{ie jmc iej{ `f sen nmsd{n jk`vnb{`~mc q`{sd`m `f sen s{nn dm i{`rm{ny %hdgn l`ys `f sen Qjbjld I{nng{n$7 %;$ kt yi`{iedmb sen {``sy dmqhjiny rdse vn{t yejhh`r `{ c{dnc,

`~s `{bjmdi y`dhy7 %9$ kt bd{chdmbsen kjyn `f sen s{~mg kt yi`{iedmbijlkd~l ~mcn{ sen kj{g %M`sn sejsyi`{ie lnjmy nuq`y~{n s` enjs sejsgdhhy hdvn sdyy~n redhn iej{ lnjmycnjse jmc khjignmdmb `f sdyy~n ktcd{nis i`msjis rdse jlny-$7 jmc %3$yi`{iedmb sen f`hdjbn `f i`mdfn{yse{`~be i`mvnisd`m jmc {jcdjmsenjs {dydmb se{`~be sen ijm`qt f{`ldmsnmyn y~{fjin {ny- %Cnidc~`~ys{nny ijm kn i{`rm,yi`{ienc k~s

~y~jhht y~{vdvn h`yy `f f`hdjbn-$Ojig qdmn dy y~yinqsdkhn s` dmsnmyn

i{`rm {ny( yji{didmb jc~hsy jmcy~{vdvdmb jy ynncy f{`l yn{`sdm`~yi`mny-

Dm i`ms{jys( {nc jmc redsn qdmnc` m`s ejvn ynvn{jh tnj{y ynncq{`c~isd`m ys`{nc ~q dm sen ijm`qtrjdsdmb f`{ j {n- Dmysnjc( sent b{`rdm j{njy sejs j{n l`{n hdgnht s` ejvny~{fjin {ny( ejvn rnhh dmy~hjsnc

s{~mgy rdse sedig kj{g( jmc e`hc send{f`hdjbn edbe jk`vn yi`{iedmb enjssen{nkt y~{vdvdmb {ny jy jc~hsy sejsijm hdvn f`{ inms~{dny jmc i`msdm~ns` {nynnc sen j{nj-

Sen c~{jsd`m `f {jcdjms enjs

Qjbjld I{nng f{n ye`rye`r s{nn l`{sjhdst f{`lf{n vj{dny rdse yqnidnykt Hnn F{nhdie( Qe-C-( {nynj{ie jyyìdjsn jmc cd{nis`{( Sen ^mdvn{ydst `fLdmmny`sj Inmsn{ f`{ F`{nys Ni`h`bt- Sedy dy j y~llj{t `f edy sjhg js sen

Cni- :( ;1:: Ldmmny`sj Mjsdvn Qhjms Yìdnst lnnsdmb-

Jn{djh vdnr `f Qjbjld I{nng {n( ye`rdmb yl`gn qh~ln i{`yydmbHjgn Y~qn{d`{- Qe`s` i`~{snyt `f MJYJ-

3


5/8

j{`~mc sen kjyn `f sen s{~mg dy gntf`{ s{nn y~{vdvjh- S{nny rdse kj{g:( ;( jmc 9 il sedig ijm y~{vdvnenjs f`{ se{nn( :; jmc ;6 ldm~sny({nyqnisdvnht- %@hc {nc jmc redsnqdmny ~y~jhht ejvn kj{g 9 ilsedig-$

Enjs ijm hjys l~ie h`mbn{ `m sen

hnnrj{c ydcn `f j s{nn s{~mg f{`ljm jqq{`jiedmb {n( y` sejs s{nnyj{n `fsnm {n,yij{{nc `m sejs ydcn-^mcn{ stqdijh i`mcdsd`my( y~{fjin{ny rdse jln hnmbsey `f `mn( vn(jmc :1 fnns( ijm yi`{ie f`hdjbn sr`(;9 jmc 69 fnns jk`vn sen b{`~mc-[nc jmc redsn qdmny rdse hnyy sejm>1 qn{inms `f send{ f`hdjbn yi`{ienc~y~jhht y~{vdvn( k~s l`{sjhdst {jsnyb` ~q c{jljsdijhht jy sen qn{inmsyi`{ienc {dyny jk`vn >1 qn{inms-

Hdgn l`ys {ny `vn{ sen hjys f`~{inms~{dny( Sen Qjbjld I{nng {ngdhhnc `{ ynvn{nht k~{mnc l`ys `fsen hjmcyijqn( gdhhdmb sen ojig qdmn(yq{~in( jmc jk`vn,b{`~mc s{~mgy `fkd{ie jmc jyqnm( k~s jhy` ejc yljhhdmih~yd`my `f hnyy dmsnmyn {n jh`mbhjgnye`{ny( ihdffy jmc yrjlqy(ren{n ljs~{n qdmny rdhh y~{vdvn-

LMMQY dy 91kt Yi`ss Ldhk~{m( q{nydcnms

Sedy tnj{ lj{gy sen 91sejmmdvn{yj{t f sen Ldmmny`sj MjsdvnQhjms Yìdnst- Sen dcnj rjy {ysf`{l~hjsnc kt Qnb Gè{dmb( NldhtMdnsn{dmb( Endcd Vjms E`f( OjmB{nr( jmc Ie{dy Y`~ssn{- Sejs {ys

k`j{c i`mydysnc `f ydu lnlkn{yrdse Qnb yn{vdmb jy sen {ys q{nydcnmsjmc Rnhkt Yldse jy vdin q{nydcnmsDm :45;( sen dmcdvdc~jh lnlkn{yedqfnn rjy #2- Sen i~{{nms dmcdvdc~jfnn( #:>( dy yhdbesht ienjqn{( renmdmjsd`m dy i`mydcn{nc-

L~ie ejy iejmbnc c~{dmb sedysdln( tns l~ie ejy {nljdmnc senyjln- Sen ldyyd`m `f sen Yìdnst dyjy dlq`{sjms jy nvn{( qj{sdi~hj{ht f`{

sen i`myn{vjsd`m `f mjsdvn qhjmsy-C~{dmb senyn 91 tnj{y( rn ejvn

ynnm sen f`{ljsd`m `f sen Ldmmny`sjI`~mst Kd`h`bdijh Y~{vnt( sencnvnh`qlnms jmc l`cdijsd`my`f sen `fidjh ysjsn {j{n yqnidnyhdys( jmc sen qjyydmb `f sen HnbjitJlnmclnms- Sedy jlnmclnms rjynus{nlnht dlq`{sjms( bdvnm senq`hdsdijh `qq`ydsd`m kt vj{d`~y jmsd,sju b{`~qy- Senyn se{nn dsnly rdhhejvn j hjysdmb dm~nmin dm sen mnus91,tnj{ qn{d`c-

@f i`min{m s`cjt dy sen @~sc``{En{dsjbn F~mc %@EF$ q`{sd`m `fsen Hnbjit Jlnmclnms- Sen{n dyy~qq`ync s` kn j i`ll`m vdyd`myej{nc kt se`yn `m sen @EFi`~midh( redie dy {nyq`mydkhn f`{jqq{`q{djsdmb sen f~mcy bnmn{jsnc ktsen mnr yjhny sju- Qn{ejqy sedy dmdsdjhvdyd`m dy s`` b{jmcd`yn( i`mydcn{dmbsen jmsdidqjsnc {nvnm~n ys{njl-

Ds dy sdln s` {njyynyy sen b`jhyjmc vdyd`m js sedy nj{ht ysjbn jmccnsn{ldmn rejs dy {njhdysdi- Rn mnncsen knys jmc k{dbesnys dmv`hvnc dmcdvdc~jhy re` sedmg knt`mc send{`rm hdfnsdlny( {jsen{ sejm se`ynl`{n i`min{mnc rdse q{nyy~{nl`~msnc kt yqnidjh,dmsn{nys b{`~qySen z~nysd`m ye`~hc kn? J{n rns{~ht hnjvdmb j hnbjit f`{ f~s~{nbnmn{jsd`my0

Oèmy ^mdvn{ydst- D snjie j vj{dnst`f ihjyyny( dmih~cdmb dms{`c~is`{tkd`h`bt %f`{ ljo`{y jmc m`m,ljo`{y$(qhjms ytysnljsdiy( qhjmsy jmc e~ljmjffjd{y( jmc qhjms qetyd`h`bt- Dvnjhy` sj~bes qhjms ytysnljsdiy jssen ^mdvn{ydst `f Ldmmny`sj HjgnDsjyij Kd`h`bdijh Ysjsd`m- Dvni`lqhnsnc m~ln{`~y `{dysdiys~cdny dm Ldmmny`sj( dmih~cdmbnhc r`{g s` enhq nysjkhdye j hìjhmjs~{n q{nyn{vn( yn{vnc jy sen iednfk`sjmdys f`{ j hìjh Kd`Khds( jmcejvn nvnm enhqnc rdse j fnr CM[b{jyyhjmc y~{vnty- Lt i~{{nms{nynj{ie dy fì~ync `m sen jd{k`{mnq`hhnm jmc l`hc yq`{ny sejs ìi~{dm Inms{jh Ldmmny`sj( jy rnhh jy senni`qetyd`h`bt `f qhjmsy jmc f~mbd-

D jl i~{{nmsht sen i~{js`{ `f

sen IYK/YO^ Kjdhnt En{kj{d~l(redie o~ys inhnk{jsnc jiinyyd`mdmb`~{ 91(111se yqnidlnm- D jhy`yn{vn jy sen cd{nis`{ `f `~{Lnhjmi`m B{nnme`~yn( sen iejd{`f sen Ys- Oèmy J{k`{ns~lI`~midh( jmc D {ninmsht i`lqhnsncj sn{l jy j lnlkn{ `f Ldmmny`sjCM[ I`lldyyd`mn{y Jcvdy`{tI`lldssnn s` sen YMJ q{`b{jl- Jyt`~ rdhh hnj{m js sen Lj{ie lnnsdmb(D ejvn knnm dmv`hvnc rdse ljgdmb

ljqhn yt{~q js Ys- Oèmy f`{ l`{nsejm j cnijcn- D nvnm snjie j i`~{yn`m ljqhn yt{~q q{`c~isd`m js Ys-Oèmy/Ys- Knmy jmc yn{vn jy senmnryhnssn{ ncds`{ f`{ sen Ldmmny`sjLjqhn Yt{~q Q{`c~in{y-

Dm lt yqj{n sdln( D jl sen ihn{g`f Jv`m S`rmyedq jmc ejvn jyljhh e`kkt fj{l ren{n lt rdfnHdmcj jmc D {jdyn yennq( ejnhm~sy(kh~nkn{{dny jmc `sen{ jyy`{snc f{~dsy

jmc vnbbdny- Jhse`~be Dvn knnm jlnlkn{ `f sen LMQY f`{ jy h`mb jyD {nlnlkn{( Dl y`{{t s` yjt sejs Dejvnms knnm jkhn s` jssnmc s`` ljmtlnnsdmby- D e`qn s` iejmbn sejs jmch``g f`{rj{c s` lnnsdmb t`~ dm seni`ldmb l`msey jmc tnj{y-

Ysnvn Yj~qn

dy mnr LMMQYk`j{c lnlkn{kt Ysnqenm B- Yj~qn

Nvn{ ydmin {njcdmb N~nhhBdkk`my k``gy renm D rjy dm edbeyie``h( D ejvn knnm j ynhf,q{`fnyyncqhjms rdnmdn- Jfsn{ hnj{mdmb sejsy` ljmt rdhc qhjmsy rn{n ncdkhn( Dknijln fjyidmjsnc kt rejs ljcn`sen{ qhjmsy jmc f~mbd q`dy`m`~y jmccnidcnc s` i`mc~is b{jc~jsn ys~cdnydm qetsìenldys{t- D {nindvnc ltQe-C- dm k`sjmt f{`l sen ^mdvn{ydst`f Dhhdm`dy %^{kjmj,Iejlqjdbm$(ren{n sen ljdm fì~y f lt {nynj{ierjy itjm`bnmnydy( sen q{`c~isd`m fetc{`bnm itjmdcn( kt f~mbd( kjisn{djjmc qhjmsy-

F`hh`rdmb lt b{jc~jsn ys~cdny(D jiinqsnc j fji~hst q`ydsd`m dm seno`dms kd`h`bt cnqj{slnms `f senI`hhnbn `f Ys- Knmncdis jmc Ys-

>

Fdnhc s{dqy qhjmmncF`{ dmf`{ljsd`m `m ~qi`ldmb

nhc s{dqy( b` s` sen rnkydsn? rrr-lmmqy-`{b


6/8

Rn yjt rn h`vn `~{ hjgny( jmcsen i{`rcnc ye`{ny jmc sen i{~yes` k~t hjgnye`{n js jys{`m`ldijhq{diny y~bbnys rn yqnjg s{~se- Tns`~{ hjgny cnsn{d`{jsn( jmc l~ie `fsen cnsn{d`{jsd`m {ny~hsy f{`l `~{`rm jisd`my- Rejs bdvny0

Sen Nmvd{`mlnmsjh Q{`snisd`mJbnmity Mjsd`mjh Hjgn Jyynyylnmscdyi`vn{nc sejs 3> qn{inms `f `~{mjsd`my hjgny jmc 51 qn{inms `f~{kjm hjgny c` m`s lnns rjsn{z~jhdst ysjmcj{cy-

M`{ljhht( rn q{`snis rejs rnh`vn- Lt q~hnlnms `vn{ sedyqj{jcù mjhht k~kkhnc `vn{- D~mcn{s``g j o`~{mnt `f nuqh`{jsd`ms` dmvnysdbjsn sedy( j o`~{mnt sejshnc s` sen r{dsdmb `f lt k``g( F`{H`vn `f Hjgny- Sen o`~{mnt sjgny~y s` hj{bn hjgny jmc yljhh( f{`lLdmmny`sj s` Ijmjcj( Dhhdm`dy( Mnr

Nmbhjmc( jmc ~hsdljsnht( RjhcnmQ`mc- Se`{nj~y be`ys qnjgnc `vn{lt ye`~hcn{ se{`~be`~s-

Lt kd` jy jm jijcnldi( m`sy~{q{dydmbht( hnc ln s` nuqnis sejsljtkn qn`qhn ydlqht hjig jcnz~jsn~mcn{ysjmcdmb `f hjgn ni`h`bt-Ljtkn nyyjtdys Yi`ss [~yynhhYjmcn{y( ejy ds {dbes? Rn q{`snisrejs rn h`vn jmc rn h`vn rejs rn~mcn{ysjmc-

Y`( hnsy sjgn j edbeht ynhnisncqnng js hjgn mjs~{jh edys`{t jmc jsy`ln f sen hnyy fjldhdj{ jz~jsdi hdfnf`{ly? qhjmgs`m( ldi{`,i{~ysjinjmy(jz~jsdi dmynisy( jmc f{nyerjsn{yq`mbny- Ds rjy c~{dmb ym`{gnhdmbnuqn{dnminy sejs D cdyi`vn{nc Ncnm(sen jz~jsdi qhjmsy-

Jm nuin{qs f{`l sen Cdyi`vn{dmbNcnm iejqsn{ jcc{nyydmbq`mcrnncy? D m`r nmsn{ j bjsen{dmb`f ygdmmt ysnllnc jz~jsdi qhjmsy

`f j b{`~q ijhhnc q`mcrnncy-Rnnc- Rejs jm ~mf`{s~mjsn jmcldyhnjcdmb mjln f`{ senyn qhjmsy-Hjmb~jbn ljssn{y- Knf`{n kndmbynnm( knf`{n {nvnjhdmb jmtsedmbjk`~s send{ hdvny jmc {nhjsd`myedqy(sent ysjmc i`mcnlmnc- ^ynhnyy-M~dyjmin- mcnyd{jkhn- Q`mcrnncdy sen mjln `f j hj{bn jmc b{jmcfjldht f jz~jsdi qhjmsy gm`rm l`{nsniemdijhht jy sen Q`sjl`bns`my%f{`l B{nng? Q`sjl`y( {dvn{ jmcbnds`m( mndbek`{$- E`r cdffn{nms`~{ qn{inqsd`m f senyn qhjmsy ldbeskn ejc rn {nsjdmnc sen B{nng {``sjmc ijhhnc ds q`mc mndbek`{- Rejsq`rn{ sen mjln{y,`f,sedmby ijmejvn `vn{ jssds~cny-

Qn{inqsd`my cnsn{ldmn knejvd`{-C` rn qn{indvn hjgny cdffn{nmshtsejm sn{{nys{djh ytysnly0 Seni`ms{jys knsrnnm sen sr` dy ysj{g-

Nuq`yn knbdmmdmb ni`h`bt ys~cnmsys` j r``cy jmc( dm j ljssn{ `f jfnr e`~{y( sent stqdijhht i`ln s`~mcn{ysjmc sen kjydi ni`h`bdijhctmjldiy `f sen qhjin knij~ynsent ijm ynn ds- Sjgn senl s` senye`{n `f j hjgn jmc sent stqdijhhtynn ye`{n vnbnsjsd`m( `fsnm ye`{nkd{cy- Sent jhy` ynn sen hjgnyy~{fjin- K~s sent j{n ~mjkhn s`ynn sen {nljdmdmb 44 qn{inms `f senhjgn- Rn j{n vdy~jh i{njs~{ny- @~{

qn{inqsd`my `f hjgny j{n b{`yyhtdmjcnz~jsn s` q{`c~in jii~{jsn hjgn~mcn{ysjmcdmby-

Y~{nht( hjig `f ~mcn{ysjmcdmb`f hjgn ni`h`bt i`ms{dk~sny s` senqj{jcù- K~s ds y``m knijln ihnj{sejs s` ~mcn{ysjmc sen hjgn,e~ljmqj{jcù {nz~d{nc j qnng dmsè~ljm mjs~{n- Lt cdyi`vn{dny j{ny~{q{dydmb-

Y` rejs j{n sen q{`khnly `~{

hjgny fjin0 Jmc rejs ijm rn c`jk`~s senl0

Sen NQJ Mjsd`mjh HjgnJyynyylnms dcnmsdny ljo`{ys{nyy`{y? hjgn ye`{n ejkdsjs h`yyh`yy `f qetydijh ejkdsjs i`lqhnudstnuinyy mds{`bnm jmc nyqnidjhhtqe`yqe`{~y( hjgn ye`{n cdys~{kjmin

dmih~cdmb yncdlnmsjsd`m( jz~jsdidmvjydvn yqnidny( m`m,q`dms q`hh~sd`mdm bnmn{jh( jl`mb `sen{y- Sen HjgnV`hmnt ys`{t ye`ry rn ijm ljgn jcdffn{nmin f`{ hjgny-

C` rn h`vn `~{ hjgny0kt Cj{kt Mnhy`m- En nj{mnc edy Qe-C- dm jz~jsdi ni`h`bt f{`l sen^mdvn{ydst `f Ldmmny`sj jmc sj~bes kd`h`bt jmc nmvd{`mlnmsjh yidnminjs Jm`gj,[jlynt I`ll~mdst I`hhnbn f`{ 9> tnj{y- C{- Mnhy`m yn{vncse{nn sn{ly dm sen Ldmmny`sj Hnbdyhjs~{n( dy sen f`{ln{ k`j{c q{nydcnms `fI`myn{vjsd`m Ldmmny`sj( jmc jhy` yn{vnc sr` tnj{y `m sen Hnyyj{c,Yjly@~sc``{ En{dsjbn I`~midh- Sedy j{sdihn dy jm nuin{qs f{`l edy sjhg js senM`v- 9( ;1:: LMMQY lnnsdmb-

6

Dy j k~igse`{mcdynjyn en{n0

C~{dmb {nynj{ie s` dcnmsdftkdì`ms{`h dmynisy f`{ k~igse`{m( jqets`qhjylj cdynjyn rjy cnsnisncdm q`snmsdjh kdì`ms{`h dmynisyjmc [ejlm~y yqnidny dm N~{`qn[nynjien{y mnnc s` gm`r df sedyqets`qhjylj dy jh{njct q{nynms dmM`{se Jln{dij-

[`bn{ Knign{( Qe-C-( Nusnmyd`mjb{`m`ldys jmc rnnc yidnmsdysCnqj{slnms `f Jb{`m`lt jmcQhjms Bnmnsdiy( ^mdvn{ydst `fLdmmny`sj( dy hnjcdmb sen ynj{ie f`{sen cdynjyn `m i`ll`m/N~{`qnjm

k~igse`{m %[ejlm~y ijsej{sdij$ dmLdmmny`sj-

Ytlqs`ly `f sen cdynjyn dmih~cnrdsieny k{``ly( {nc `{ tnhh`rhnjvny( jmc cnf`{lnc `{ i{dmghnchnjvny- Df t`~ yq`s j k~igse`{m rdsesenyn ytlqs`ly( i`msjis C{- Knign{js knign119A~lm-nc~

Bdfs nuqjmcy {nf~bn(

rdhh f~mc njynlnmsySen Mjs~{n I`myn{vjmit ejybdvnm 4> ji{ny `f hjmc dm K~{myvdhhns` sen ^-Y- Fdye jmc RdhchdfnYn{vdin- Sedy hjmc rdhh kn jccncs` sen Ldmmny`sj Vjhhnt Mjsd`mjhRdhchdfn [nf~bn- Sen bdfs dy vjh~ncjs #>:>(111-

J i{ncds `f sejs jl`~ms rdhh kn~ync kt sen ^YFRY s` q~{iejynnjynlnmsy f`{ q{jd{dn jmc rnshjmcydm Y`~se Cjg`sj-


7/8

Qhjms H`{nkt Se`{ G`llncjehRejs dy qjyz~n f`rn{0

Qjyz~n `rn{ dyJmnl`mn qjsnmydm sen k~ssn{i~q fjldht( mjsdvn s`Ldmmny`sj- Ds dy jhy` ijhhncQ~hyjsdhhjqjsnmy %^YCJ$-

E`r cdc ds bns dsy mjlny0Qjyz~n i`lny f{`l sen F{nmie

qjyy,n~{ k~s rjy iejmbnc s`qjyz~n %f{`l jm @hc F{nmie r`{cf`{ Njysn{$ knij~yn `f dsy nj{ht`rn{dmb- Jmnl`mn rjy j mjln~ync kt Sen`qe{jys~y( q`yydkht ji`{{~qsd`m `f Mjjljm( j Ynldsdimjln f`{ Jc`mdy( `{ j i`{{~qsd`m`f jm dmvìjsd`m s` sen b`ccnyy`f {ns{dk~sd`m( Mnlnydy- Qjsnmylnjmy yq{njcdmb `~s f{`l sen ysnl

%ih~lqy$- Q~hyjsdhhj %z~dvn{n{$cnyi{dkny sen q~hyjsdmb l`vnlnms`f qhjmsy dm sen rdmc( y` ds ejc jmjhsn{mjsn mjln `f rdmc`rn{-

Rejs c`ny sen qhjms h``g hdgn0Fh`rn{y jqqnj{ knf`{n hnjvny

jmc i`mydys `f vn s` ynvnm redsns` kh~n `{ q~{qhn( qnsjh,hdgn ynqjhy-Ysnly %e`hh`r$( hnjvny( jmc k~cyj{n i`vn{nc rdse ydhgt ejd{y- Hnjvnyj{n cnnqht i~s- Qhjmsy j{n ydu s` :1

dmieny sjhh jmc knj{ f{~dsy %jienmny$rdse fnjsen{t qh~lny- Jy j qn{nmmdjh(sen qhjms b{`ry dm ih~lqy f{`l jsedig sjq{``s-

Ren{n c` senyn qhjmsy b{`r0Sent b{`r dm c{t q{jd{dny dm

y`~sen{m jmc rnysn{m i`~msdny `fsen ysjsn-

Dy sen qhjms lncdidmjh `{q`dy`m`~y0

@min ~ync dm e`ln`qjsedi

q{nqj{jsd`my( ds dy m` h`mbn{{ni`llnmcnc f`{ e~ljm ~yn-Khjigf``s Dmcdjmy ~ync qhjmsy s`dmc~in jk`{sd`my jmc iedhckd{se- Senhnjvny ij~yn ygdm s` khdysn{- Sjgnmdmsn{mjhht( ij{cd`bnmdi sùdmy yh`rsen enj{s {jsn-

Ejy ds jmt ni`m`ldi ~yny0

Ds dy b{`rm dm bj{cnmy dm f~hh y~m

jy jm nj{ht yq{dmb f`rn{ jmc se{dvny

dm {ìg bj{cnmy-

Jmnl`mn qjsnmy %qjyz~n f`rn{$ h``yn jmc sdbes ih~lqy `f `rn{y-

Qe`s`y kt Qnsn{ Czd~g-

2

Ih`yn,~q `f Jmnl`mn qjsnmyye`ry ysjlnmy jmc qdysdhy- Qe`s`kt Nhdzjknse Enig-

Q{jd{dn Nmse~ydjysy

qhjm i`mfn{nminSen Q{jd{dn Nmse~ydjysy jmm~j

i`mfn{nmin( Sen O`~{mnt s` Q{jd{dnQ{nyn{vjsd`m( rdhh kn Yjs~{cjt( Fnk;>( js ^R,Ys`~s dm Lnm`l`mdnRdy- Ds rdhh i`lkdmn sniemdijh jmc

kjydi q{jd{dn {nys`{jsd`m dmf`{ljsd`mjmc nc~ijsd`m-

Fnjs~{nc yqnjgn{y rdhh knYsnqenm Qjigj{c( i`myn{vjsd`mdyshnjcn{ `f sen Iedijb` Rdhcn{mnyyjmc C{- C`~b Sjhhjlt( j~se`{jmc q{`fnyy`{ js sen ^mdvn{ydst`f Cnhjrj{n- F`{ jccdsd`mjhdmf`{ljsd`m jmc s` {nbdysn{( b` sèssq?//senq{jd{dnnmse~ydjysy-`{b


8/8

Cd{nisd`my?Sjgn Edberjt >; s` sen K~shn{ Jvn- N- nuds dm Rnys Ys- Qj~h-B` rnys `m K~shn{ 1-; ldhn s` Ysjyynm Hjmn-

B` y`~se `m Ysjyynm Hjmn s` Se`lqy`m I`~mst Qj{g-

Rdmsn{ ;1:;

Ldmmny`sj Mjsdvn Qhjms Y`idnst

Q-@- K`u ;131:

Kh``ldmbs`m( LM >>3;1

Se`lqy`m I`~mst Qj{g

961 K~shn{ Jvn- Njys( Rnys Ys- Qj~h( LM >>::5

Documents

Winter 2012 Minnesota Plant Press ~ Minnesota Native Plant Society Newsletter