Wine lect6

1

Hort/VE 113 Fall 2012Session 6 -Grape Growing:

climate and environment(cont.) Geology and Soils

Introduction to Vines and Wines

Low Moderate HighChenin blanc Sauvignon

blancRiesling

Merlot Lemberger ChardonnaySangiovese Cabernet Gewurztraminer

Relative Cold Hardiness

Sangiovese Cabernet sauvignon

Gewurztraminer

Semillon Cabernet franc

Pinot noir

Syrah Pinot grisViognier Pinot blanc

Low Moderate HighRiesling Chardonnay Sauvignon blancGewurztraminer Lemberger Cabernet francPinot noir Merlot Semillon

Relative Heat Requirements

Pinot noir Merlot SemillonPinot blanc Syrah Cabernet sauvignonPinot gris Sangiovese

Chenin blanc

2

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVaZFCzxx24&playnext=1&list=PLAC8CA53A2E20D3DD&feature=results_video

Geology vs Soil

•• GeologyGeology

• Study of the Earth• The materials of which it

is made

•• SoilSoil

• A natural body comprised of solids (minerals and organic matter), liquid, and gasesis made

• The structure of those materials

• and the processes acting upon them

gases• Occurs on the land surface• Has horizons, or layers,

that are distinguishable from the parent material

• As a result of additions, losses, transfers, and transformations

Geologic materials and processes are the building blocks upon which soils are formed

Vineyards grow on soilsVineyards grow on soils

Soils influence grape yield and quality

3

Igneous Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

4

Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic materialsGeologic materials

LandscapesLandscapes

Climate Climate

onon

are weathered byare weathered by

d i fl fd i fl f

SOIL FORMATIONSOIL FORMATION

VegetationVegetation

TimeTime

under influence ofunder influence of

over eons ofover eons of

SoilsSoilsto formto form

GEOLOGY AND SOILS

Courtesy of:Joan DavenportSoil ScientistSoil [email protected]

5

Where in the World?

Unique Pleistocene History of Columbia Basin

EventEventEpisodes of Episodes of GlaciationGlaciation

ResultResultSculpting of W. Canada & Sculpting of W. Canada & PNW US; PNW US; boulderybouldery soil soil materialsmaterials

EventEventEpisodes of GlaciationEpisodes of Glaciation

ResultResultSculpting of W. Canada Sculpting of W. Canada & PNW US; & PNW US; boulderybouldery soil soil materialsmaterials


“Cataclysmic” Glacial “Cataclysmic” Glacial Outburst FloodsOutburst Floods

Channeled ScablandChanneled Scabland

6


ResultResultSculpting of W. Canada Sculpting of W. Canada & PNW US; & PNW US; boulderybouldery soil soil materialsmaterials


“Cataclysmic” Glacial “Cataclysmic” Glacial Outburst FloodsOutburst FloodsStrong Directional Strong Directional WindsWinds


Dune fields and Palouse Dune fields and Palouse loessloess


ResultResultSculpting of W. Canada Sculpting of W. Canada & PNW US; bouldery soil & PNW US; bouldery soil materialsmaterials


“Cataclysmic” Glacial “Cataclysmic” Glacial Outburst FloodsOutburst FloodsStrong Directional Strong Directional WindsWinds

Volcanic EruptionsVolcanic Eruptions


Dune fields and Palouse Dune fields and Palouse loessloessHigh Cascades; ash High Cascades; ash added to soilsadded to soils

Glaciation

7

8

Cataclysmic Floods

9

10

Wind

11

Strong Winds Spring and Fall

Prevailing strongPrevailing strongwinds winds fromfrom SWSW

Volcanic Eruptions

12

May 17, 1980

May 18, 1980

Photos courtesy: USGS

Mount Mount MazamaMazama before before 8000 yr BP8000 yr BP

(no photo available)(no photo available)

Mount Mount MazamaMazamaafter 8000 yr BPafter 8000 yr BP

13

Mean Annual Precipitation

Soils of Washington

Mollisols

Aridisols& Entisols

Inceptisols& others

Spodosols& AndisolsUltisols

14

15

Generalized Soil Properties Important for Wine Grape

•Depth•Texture & Structure•Available water holding capacity•DrainageDrainage•Chemical Properties•Quality (om, biota)•Spatial variability

Soil Depth

•Important for root zone•depth of root penetration•water holding capacityd•drainage

•nutrient holding capacity

Site Potential (R. Smart)

•Based on depth of potential root zone

•high > 1m•medium 0 5 - 1 mmedium 0.5 1 m• low < 0.5 m

16

Soil Texture

•% Sand (S)0.05 - 2.0 mm

•% Silt (Si)0.002 - 0.05 mm

•% Clay (C)< 0.002 mm

Soil Texture

•% Sand (S)0.05 - 2.0 mm

•% Silt (Si)0 002 - 0 05 mm0.002 0.05 mm

•% Clay (C)< 0.002 mm

17

Soil Textural Gradient

In general, soils in central WA are sandy close t th i d to the river and become more fine when moving inland.

Soil as a three phase system

solid

liquid gas

18

void gas liquid

solid solid

VOIDS (Pores)

•Macropores•mostly air

•Microporesl •mostly water

19

Soils

•Well drained generally best•Mixtures of sand, gravel, organic matter

•Drainage can be improved with drainage tiltile

•Many wines benefit from the mineral content of the soil– sometimes chalky

•Rootstocks are selected for soil characteristics (texture, pH)

Thank you Dr. Davenport!

• http://wine.wsu.edu/faculty/joan-davenport

• /

Documents

Wine lect6