WINE & CIGARETTES

Ingredients of Wine

Must. Must is the most essential part of your wine. It's the raw material that becomes your sweet intoxication elixir. You can use bottled juice from the store, make your own juice or order  concentrate from a special supplier.Yeast.  To make wine, you'll need to order a special yeast culture from a wine making supplierSugar. Often, juices don't contain enough sugar to spur the yeast into action so they need some more.Grape juice: an extract of grape is the main ingredient of any wine

How is Wine made?

Choosing A VineyardClimate, weather, topography, and soil composition must be perfect for the vines to produce, and for the grapes to ripen properly

Deciding When To HarvestThe next most important factor in wine making is choosing the right time to harvest (pick) the grapes. The grapes must be harvested peak condition for

their particular variety

Preparation And CrushingNext, the grapes will be separated from their stems and leaves, usually by a special machine. If left in contact with the grapes too long after harvest, stems give off a bitter unwanted taste.

White wine grapes are crushed and their juice is separated from their skins. Most red wines skins will remain with their juice to

impart their color, tannins, and flavor to the wine. FermentationFermentation is the process that converts a grape’s naturally occurring sugar to alcohol. All wine grapes have some wild yeast present already, but these yeast strains are very unpredictable. Most wine makers today add specialized cultured yeasts to produce more predictable results. Sugars may also be added.

Racking - Fining - FilteringOnce the appropriate alcohol content has been reached and fermentation is complete, the yeast and any other particles

left behind must be separated from the finished product

Bottling and AgingThe final step in the wine making process is putting the finished

liquid into its bottle and labeling it

Why do people drink wine?

People drink wine for different reasons:1. Heritage - Wine is the oldest alcoholic drink in the history of man kind dating back to Noah in the Bible who was the first person to grow and mak wine.2. Food& Wine Paring - People drink wine because wine compliments food and vice versa. Certain cultivars(grape types) excentuate taste in certain foods. White wine goes with white meats, Dry Rose's goes with salads, red wines goes with red meat. There are many Food&Wine paring ways.3. Relaxation - Wine contains alcohol which alters the bodies perceptions and realeases certains endorphines that makes the body and mind relax.4. Collecting - People love to collect and store wine. Riesling and red wines get better the longer they are kept in the right conditions.but it is haram and who drink it i hate them and i want to kill them

Benefits of drinking wine:

The Benefit: Promotes LongevityThe Evidence: Wine drinkers have a 34 percent lower mortality rate than beer or spirits drinkers. The study of 2,468 men over a 29-year period, published in the Journals of Gerontology, 2007.The Benefit: Reduces Heart-Attack RiskThe Evidence: Moderate drinkers suffering from high blood pressure are 30 percent less likely to have a heart attack than nondrinkers. The Benefit: Lowers Risk of Heart DiseaseThe Evidence: Red-wine tannins contain procyanidins, which protect against heart disease..The Benefit: Reduces Risk of Type 2 DiabetesThe Evidence: Moderate drinkers have 30 percent less risk than nondrinkers of developing type 2 diabetes. The Benefit: Lowers Risk of StrokeThe Evidence: The possibility of suffering a blood clot–related stroke drops by about 50 percent in people who consume moderate amounts of alcohol.

Risks of taking wine:

ObesityWine contains calories in varying proportions, depending on the type.  For example; a large glass of sweet white wine can contain up to 200 calories alone. Fortified wines contain even more, sometimes hitting up to 380 caloriesHeart DiseaseDrinking wine in excess can have the opposite effect. Over time, the heart muscle can become weakened which leads to a condition known as cardiomyopathy. The heart muscle cannot pump the blood around your body as well as it should. This in turn can raise the risk of heart disease.StrokeLinked somewhat to the heart disease reason explained above; alcohol in excess is known to raise blood pressure in the body.  An elevated blood pressure can be dangerous in those who are already at risk from strokes and heart conditions, as well as the elderly.PancreatitisDrinking too much wine can also be the catalyst in the onset of acute or chronic pancreatitis. This can be a painful and nauseating conditionFertilityExcessive drinking can also have a detrimental effect on the human body--both male and female--when it comes to reproduction.

CIGARETTES- Main Ingredients

The main ingredient in cigarettes is tobacco. Tobacco is a green, leafy plant that is grown in warm climates. Three of the most widely known chemicals are nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide. Nicotine is a strong poisonous drug. It is the main ingredient in insecticides or bug sprays

Other ingredients:Tar: This ingredient, which gives cigarettes flavor, is the same thick black substance used to pave roads and driveways. -Formaldehyde: This is the same stuff used to preserve dead animals, like the frogs dissected in some biology classes. -Cyanide: also a main ingredient in rat poison. -Lead: It's also found in some kinds of paint. -Acetone: a common ingredient in paint and nail polish remover. -Ammonia: Besides the fact that it's in many household cleaners, it's also in cigarettes. -Carbon monoxide: a common pollutant and the same stuff that escapes from the exhaust in cars. -Hydrazine: a chemical used in jets and rocket fuel.

How are cigarettes made?

Cigarette tobacco is harvested and then cured using direct heat, which increases the amount of tobacco specific nitrosamines (a major cancer causing agent).The whole leaf is then processed since the stems within the leaf have more nicotine than the leaf. Stems used to be removed because they are bitter, but are now retained for their high nicotine content.In order to mask their poor burning qualities and bitter flavor, the stems are masticated along with scrap leaf into a paper pulp, which then has sugars added.Basically the stems are spread throughout the paper to mask its poor burning qualities, and the sugar is used to mask its bitter flavor.Ammonia is also added to the masticated leaf/stem paper pulp. Ammonia has the effect of raising the PH of the smoke which "frees" the nicotine that is in salt form. Freed nicotine is more readily absorbed by the body in smokeNext licorice and cocoa are added to many popular brands. The reason: to smooth out the flavor

Why do people smoke?

Most people who smoke do so because they can't stop. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance that makes people feel energized and alertFor years, the industry has focused on making smoking glamorous through advertising in movies, television, and billboards. While cigarette advertising is now controlled, its influence can still be felt in the form of free samples, smoking cartoons, and the promise of cool merchandise that can be obtained in exchange for coupons printed on cigarette packs.Smoking also produces psychological dependency. Many people smoke because it helps them relax and cope with difficult situations, or because it gives them confidence.Smoking is a social activity as well. Many people who smoke do so as a way to start conversations and interact at parties or in crowded places. This is known as "social smoking,"Many teenagers start smoking due to peer pressure. They may also smoke to feel more mature or as a form of rebellion against parental authority

Risks of SmokingMajor diseases caused by smoking Cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular disease is the main cause of death due to smoking. Hardening of the arteries is a process that develops over years, when cholesterol and other fats deposit in the arteries, leaving them narrow, blocked or rigid. When the arteries narrow (atherosclerosis), blood clots are likely to form.Cancer Smokers are more likely to get cancer than non-smokers. This is particularly true of lung cancer, throat cancer and mouth cancer, which hardly ever affect non-smokers.COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a collective term for a group of conditions that block airflow and make breathing more difficult, such as:Chronic means long term, not severe.emphysema – breathlessness caused by damage to the air sacs (alveoli)chronic bronchitis – coughing with a lot of mucus that continues for at least three months.

Other diseases caused by Smoking:

BLOOD PRESSURESmoking raises blood pressure, which can cause hypertension (high blood pressure) – a risk factor for heart attacks and stroke.ASTHMASmoking worsens asthma and counteracts asthma medication by worsening the inflammation of the airways that the medicine tries to ease. EYE DAMAGEThe blood vessels in the eye are sensitive and can be easily damaged by smoke, causing a bloodshot appearance and itchiness.

WEBSITES REFERENCES:

http://www.drinkaware.co.uk

http://facultywashington.edu/chudler/alco.html

http://www.talkaboutalcohol.com/YoungPeople/FactZone/FactZoneFlash30.aspx

http://www.talkaboutalcohol.com/YoungPeople/FactZoneFlash28.aspx

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nic.html

http://www.smoking-facts.net

http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Smoking-The-Facts.htm

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/shs.html

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