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7/31/2019 Windows NT Training 1
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WINDOWS NT BASICS
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Cha pter 1 Overview of Windows NT
1. Windows 95 and Windows NT
2. NT Server and NT Workstation
3. Types of NT Server
4. License Management
5. Work Group and Domain
6. Management Tools
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1-2
Memo
1.1 Windows 95 and Windows NT
1981 1984 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
MS-DOS
MS-Windows
1.0 3.1 5.0 6.2
1.0 3.1
WindowsNT
Windows95
MS-Networks
LanManager
2.1 2.2
Netware
Netware386 Netware IntranetWare
1.0 2.0
4.0 4.1
3.1 3.5 3.51 4.0 5.0
OS Network support OS
Network OS
History of the network OS
Windows98
n Microsoft OSs
Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows NT, etc.
n Features of Windows 95
Derived form MS-DOS to Windows 3.1, then to Windows 95.
Highly compatible with currently available software and hardware.
Provides the plug-and-play andAPM functions.
n Windows NT
Developed separately as a 32-bit OS.
Provides the multi-user environment.
Provides a user interface similar to Windows 95.
Available in 2 types: NT Server and NT Workstation.
Plug-and-play
A function to automatically
detect and configure hardware
devices.
APM
Advanced Power Management
Multi-user
An environment that allows
multiple users to use a singlecomputer by providing each
user with his own work
environment.
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Memo
1.3 Types of NT Ser ver
Small Business Server
Provides integrated applications with NT.
NT Server Enterprise Edition
Designed to be used for large-scale backbone
works.
n NT Server packages
In addition to a standard package, multiples packages are available in accordance
with network scales.
n Small Business Server
Windows NT Server integrated with an electronic mail function, a groupware,
databases, a Internet server, a home page design tool, an Internet connection
gateway function, a FAX server, a centralized management tool, and others.
n Windows NT Server, Enterprise Edition 4.0
Designed to be used for large-scale backbone works.
Tips
Although the prices of personal computers and peripheral devices have been
lowered, the costs of management and operations, including software upgrades,
employment of support personnel, and problem solutions, are becoming rather
expensive due to complexity of the system. This has triggered business users to
place much interest in TCO.
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Memo
1.4 License Management (1)
NT Server
Text Data
A single user accesses
to multiple folders.
A single user accesses
to multiple folders.
1
NT Server
Text
A single user accesses
to a single folder via
multiple computers.
A single user accesses
to a single folder via
multiple computers.
2
n Access license
Using NT Server resources via a network requires a separate client access license.
n What is an access license?
Using resources via a network is called a connection and each connection
requires a license.
n License tool
A tool for license management is provided.
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Memo
1.4 License Management (2)
License mode
NT Server
NT Server NT Server
Number of
concurrent users
2
Number ofconcurrent users
2
Number of
connected clients
2
Number of
connected clients
2
Number of
concurrent users
4 (22)
Number ofconcurrent users
4 (22)
Number of
connected clients
2
Number of
connected clients
2
n License mode
There are 2 license grant modes available: number of concurrent users and
number of connected clients.
n Number of concurrent users
Provides the same number of licenses as the number of accesses per server.
n Number of connected clients
Provides the same number of licenses as the number of clients in a network.
n Changing license mode
Available only one time from the number of concurrent users to the number of
connected clients.
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Memo
1.5 Work Group and Doma in (1)
User management
Available from 2 aspects:
a work group and a domain. Work group
User data is managed
by each computer.
User data
User data
Work group model
n Window NT user management
Windows NT user management is provided form 2 aspects: a work group and a
domain.
n Work group
A logical group for providing a list of computers and users.
User data is stored in each computer for user management anduser
authentication.
User authentication
A process to verify whether to
give a permission to a user
attempting to use a Windows
NT server. This process is
performed every time a user
attempts to use a Windows
NT server.
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Memo
1.5 Work Group and Domain (2)
User data
Directory
database
Primary Domain Controller
(PDC)
Backup Domain Control ler
(BDC)
User dataDirectory
A copy of the
database
Automatically copied.
User data
Added
Domain model
n Domain model
A logical group for computer and user management.
The whole user data is exclusively managed by a domain controller.
Applicable to large networks.
Tips
You must determine an application of a Window NT server at installation. You may
use it as a PDC or BDC for domain management, a member server, or a computer
called a stand alone server. To change the application, you must reinstall the
Window NT server.
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Memo
1.6 Man agement Tools
Management tools
A set of tools for computer and domain management.
User Manger for Domains
Performs user management tasks.
n Windows NT management
Management tools to be used by a system administrator are available by selecting
[Start] - [Program] - [Administrative Tools (Common)].
Frequently used management tools
(1) User Manager for Domains
(2) Disk Administrator
(3) Server Manager
(4) Event Viewer
(5) Performance Monitor
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Memo
2.1 What Is a User Account? (1)
User accoun t
Un ique iden tificat ion of a u ser
Built-in accoun t
User a ccoun ts p rovided by th e system.
Tips
Since the Administrator account is highly privileged, a mistake in operation with this
account for ordinary operations may cause a serious problem. To avoid this to
happen, an administrator is provided with a user account to perform ordinary
operations as well as the Administrator account to perform only management tasks.
n User account
Unique identification of a user.
Required when a user attempts to use a computer or to use resources of other
computer via a network.
One account is required per user.
n Built-in account
User accounts provided by the system.
n Administrator
An account for an administrator.
n Guest
An account for a temporary user of the system.
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Memo
2.1 What Is a User Account? (2)
Domain
user accounts
PDCMaster directory
database
Domain
Domain user
accounts
A copy of the master
directory database
The database is copied.
Local user
accounts
Local directory database
Available only to a
local computer.
Available to
the whole
domain.
BDC
n Place to save user accounts
User accounts are classified into domain user accounts and local user accounts.
n Domain user accounts
Available to the whole domain.
n Local user accounts
Available only to aspecific computer. Specific computerWindows NT Server installed
as a member server or a
computer running Window
NT Workstation.
Tips
It takes a few minuets for the database on the BDC to synchronize with the PDC.
Thus a user data just created will not be copied and a new user may not log in for a
while. When this happens, you can use the server manager to copy the database
manually.
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Memo
2.2 Creating a User Account (2)
Logon hours
Work sta tion to log on
n Logon hours
Setup procedure for the logon hours
(1) Click on [Hours] in the [New User] dialog box.
(2) Select hours to prohibit logon by dragging on bars and click on
[Disallow].
(3) Click on [OK].
n Workstation to log on
Setup procedure for a workstation to log on
(1) Click on [Logon to] in the [New User] dialog box.
(2) Click on [User May Log On To These Workstations].
(3) Enter up to 8 computer names. You must enter at least one.
(4) Click on [OK].
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Memo
2.2 Creat ing a User Account (3)
Accoun t inform at ion
Dial-in access right
n Account information
Set 2 items related to an account.
(1) Valid period of an account
(2) Account type
Setup procedure for the account information
(1) Click on [Account] in the [New User] dialog box.
(2) Click on [Account Expires] and enter a date.
(3) Check [Local Account] to define it as a local account.
n Dial-in access right
Setup procedure for the dial-in access right
(1) Click on [Dialin] in the [New User] dialog box.
(2) Check [Grant dialin permission to user].
(3) Configure the Call Backoption and press [OK].
Call Back
A process in which an RAS
server that received a call
disconnects the call and calls a
client computer to make a
connection.
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Memo
2.3 Man aging a User Account
n Changing the user account information
Start the user manager for domains. Select a user account and click on
[Properties...] in [User] menu.
n Deleting an account
Procedure to delete an account
(1) Start the user manager for domains and select a user account.
(2) Press [Delete] key or select [Delete] from [User] menu.
n Changing a user account name
Start the user manager for domains. Select a user account and click on [Rename...]
in [User] menu.
Tips
Window NT manages accounts using unique numbers called S-IDs (Security IDs),
which makes a new account created using a previously delete account name to
handled as a separate user account. Until you are sure that you can really delete an
account, you should check [Account Disallow] to prevent the account from being
used and save it.
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Memo
2.4 Wha t Is a Group Account?
PDC
Master directory
database
Domain
Global group accounts
.Local gr oup accounts
A copy of the master
directory database
The database is copied.
Local group
accounts
Local directory database
Available only to a local
computer.
Available to the
whole domain.
BDC
Global group accounts.
Local group accounts
Available only to domain
controllers.
n What is a group account?
A group account is a set of user accounts.
n Local group
Many include user accounts and global accounts.
Created in the local directory database or the master directory database on the PDC.
n Global group
May only include user accounts of a domain to which a group is registered.
Created in the master directory database on the PDC.
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Memo
2.5 Creat ing a Group Account
n Creating a local/global group
Creating a global group
(1) Click on [New Global Group...] in [User] menu.
(2) Enter a group name and a brief description in the [New Global Group] dialog
box.
(3) Select a user to include in a group from [Not Members] list and click on the
[
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Memo
2.6 Managing a Group Account
n Changing the group account information
Start the user manager for domains. Select a user account and click on
[Properties...] in [User] menu.
n Deleting a group account
Procedure to delete a group account
(1) Start the user manager for domains and select a group account.
(2) Press [Delete] key or select [Delete] from [User] menu.
(3) Click on [OK].
n Changing a group name
You can not change any group name.
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Memo
2.7 Managing Mult iple Accounts (2)
n Changing multiple user accounts
Multiple user settings may be changed at once.
Procedure to change multiple accounts
(1) Start the user manager for domains and select all user accounts of which
information you want to change.
(2) Click on [Properties] in [User] menu.
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Memo
3.3 Sett ing NTFS Per mission (1)
Prerequisite for permission setup
Must be an owner of a file or folder or capable of changing
the permission.
Default permission
n Prerequisite for permission setup
To set a permission to a file or folder, you must be its owner or hold either of thefollowing permissions:
(1) Full Control
(2) Special access permission to change the permission
n Default permission
Formatting a drive with the NTFS assigns Full Control permission to the group
Everyone.
Tips
The NTFS permissions include Special Accesswith which an administrator can
combine permissions to set a unique permission. This permission is used for special
purposes, such as giving ownership to another user.
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Memo
3.3 Sett ing NTFS Per mission (2)
n Setting a permission to a file or folder
Procedure to set a permission to a file or folder
(1) Right-click on a folder or file in Explorer and click on
[Properties]
(2) Click on the [Security] tab in the Properties dialog box,
then click on [Permission].
(3) Click on [Add...] to add users or groups to which you set a permission.
(4) In the Add Users and Groups dialog box, select a user(s)
or group(s) and set a permission to it (them).
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Memo
3.4 Copying and Moving a F ile or Folder
Change of permission
Copying and moving a file
Copy
Move
Change (RWXD)New permission
Change (RWXD) Change (RWXD)
n Change of permission
Copying or moving a file or folder may change its permission and ownership.
n Copying a file or folder
Takes over a permission of the destination folder.
Gives ownership to a user who copied it.
n Moving a file or folder
Maintains an access permission of the source folder if moving was carried out in the
same drive.
Takes over a permission of the destination folder just like copying if moving wascarried out between drives.
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3-11
Memo
3.6 Shar ed Folder Per mission (1)
No Access
Read
Change
FullControl
Shared folder permission
Restricts access to a shared folder.
n What is a shared folder permission?
A function to restrict access to a shared folder.
n Permission types and available operations
No Access
Read (RX)
Change (RWXD)
Full Control (RWXDPO)
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Memo
3.7 Sett ing a Sh ared F older (2)
n Sharing a folder
Procedure to set a shared folder
(1) Right-click on a folder in Explorer and click on [Sharing...].
The Properties dialog box with the [Sharing] tab appears on top appears.
(2) Click on [Shared As] and enter a share name.
(3) Enter a description in the [Comment] entry box. (Optional)
(4) Set the number of users to allow concurrent access to a shared folder in
[User Limit].
(5) Click on the [Permissions...] button to set permission.
(6) Click on [OK].
Share NameA name that other computers
use to connect to a shared
folder. This is displayed in
Network Computer. You may
also assign a name that is
different from a folder name.
Tips
When an already shared folder is selected, the [New Sharing] button will be
displayed. Clicking on this button allows you to share a single folder with anothershare name. Use this function to provide both short and long names for users of an
old client OS that can not recognize a long share name and for users of Windows
Client, respectively.
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Memo
3.9 Pr inter Man agement (2)
Creating a network printer
Setting a printer you created to be shared
Setting permission to access to a printer
n Creating a network printer
Procedure to create a network printer
(1) Right-click on an existing printer icon in [Printer] under [Control Panel]
and click on [Sharing...].
(2) Click on [Shared] and specify a share name, then click on [OK].
n Setting permission to access a printer
Procedure to set permission
(1) Right-click on an existing printer icon in [Printer] under [Control Panel]
and click on [Properties].
(2) Click on the [Security] tab, then click on the [Permissions] button.
(3) Add a user or group and specify a permission type, then click on [OK].
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Memo
4.1 Audit
Monitoring r esour ces an d event s
Audit records user opera tions.
Audit
Records opera ted user s, execut ed opera tions, dat e,
and t ime.
n Monitoring resources and events
Audit allows you to monitor resources and accesses to the system to find fraud use
of resources.
n About audit
Operated users, executed operations, date, and time are recorded.
n Audit procedure
Use the user manager for domains to enable audit and select events to audit.
Set audit items to a file, folder, and printer.
n Prerequisite for audit
Must be a member of Administrators group.
Event
Items recorded by auditing,
such as file operations and
logon.
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Memo
4.2 Sett ing Up for Audit (1)
Auditing a doma in
n Auditing a domain
Logon and logoff
File and Object Access
Use of User Rights
Security Policy Changes
Restart, Shutdown, and System
Process Tracking
Procedure to enable audit
(1) Start [User Manager for Domains] and click on [Auditing] in the [Policies]
menu.
(2) Click on [Events to Audit] and select an appropriate event in the [Audit
Policy] dialog box.
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Memo
4.2 Sett ing Up for Audit (2)
Aud iting a file or folder
Available only on an NTFS volume.
n Auditing a file or folder
Procedure to audit a file or folder
(1) Start Explorer and right-click on a file or folder to audit, then select
[Properties].
(2) Click on the [Security] tab.
(3) Click on [Auditing].
(4) Click on the [Add...] button and select a user to audit.
(5) Set an event(s) to audit on success and/or failure in [Events to Audit].
(6) Click on [OK] to bring back the [%Name% Properties] dialog box and
click on [OK].
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Memo
5.1 Task Mana ger
Viewing processes
This t ool allows you t o view the st at us of processes, st op
processes, and change pr iority.
n Viewing processes
This tool display a list of running processes. Information on resources
consumed by each process is also displayed.
This tool allows you to abort processes and change priority for execution.
Starting the task manager
(1) Press [CTRL] + [ALT] + [DEL] to open the [Windows NT Security]
dialog box, then click on [Task Manager...].
Using the Task Manager
Process
An execution unit of a
program
Resource
Indicates hardware resources,
such as CPU and memory,
here.
Priority
Windows NT provides 32
priorities from 0 through 31.
When multiple applications
are started at the same time,
an application with the
highest priority will be
executed first.
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Memo
5.2 Windows NT Diagn ost ic Progra m
Viewing configurat ion dat a
This tool displays inform at ion on ha rdwa re a nd OS.
n Viewing configuration data
This tool displays information on hardware and OS stored in the registry.
Use this tool to view configuration information or to look for a cause of a
trouble.
You can not change the configuration data in the registry.
Starting the NT Diagnostic Program
Select [Start] - [Program] - [Administrative Tools (Common)] and click on
[Windows NT Diagnostic].
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Memo
5.4 Network Monitor Tool
Monitor ing the network
This tool allows you t o capt ur e data sent ont o th e network an d
analyze.
n Monitoring the network
Using the Network Monitor, you can capture frames or packets sent onto the
network and analyze them.
Only data transmitted or received by the local computer can be captured.
Installing the network monitor
(1) Open [Network] from [Control Panel] and click on the [Add...] button
on the [Services] tab.
(2) Select [Network Monitor Tools and Agent] and click on [OK].
Using the Network Monitor
(1) Select [Start] - [Program] - [Administrative Tools (Common}] and
click on [Network Monitor].
Frame, Packet
A chunk of data carried over
the network.
Capture
To take in data.
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Memo
5.5 Disk Administr at or
Managing disk par t it ions
The Disk Administr at or is a t ool to ma na ge hard disks.
n Managing disk partitions
The Disk Administrator is a tool to manage hard disks and removable media.
Starting the Disk Administrator
Select [Start] - [Program] - [Administrative Tools (Common)] and click on
[Disk Administrator].
What you can do with the Disk Administrator
Removable Media
Include MO and ZIP.
Tips
The Disk Administrator of Windows NT Server provides menu items to use a
function called fault tolerance or RAID which was developed by enhancing the
volume set or stripe set function. This allows you to set mirroring that uses 2
disks and striping with parity that uses 3 or more disks.
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