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Windows Multi-DBMS

Programming Using C++, Visual Basic®, ODBC, OLE2,

and Tools for DBMS Projects

Ken North

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York • Chichester • Brisbane • Toronto • Singapore

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Contents

Preface

Chapter 1 Overview and Introduction The Changing Face of Development

Overview Required Hardware and Software

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Chapter 2 Windows Software Development: Concepts and Issues

Terms and Concepts Windows Features and Database Applications Processes, Tasks, and Threads Multitasking Protected Addresses and Safe Multitasking Threads: NetWare and Win32 Scheduling Windows Programming Static and Dynamic Linking Dynamic Link Libraries INI Files Resources and Help Files Dialog Boxes Custom Controls Notation

Windows Developer's Notebook Baselines Version Control Common Development Steps

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viii Contents

Pseudocode 17 Debugging 17 Visual Programming 19 Formal Development Methods 19 Crafting Code for Windows 20

GUI Design Considerations and Database Applications 20

Chapter 3 Database Applications: Concepts and Issues 22 Building Database Applications 22 Database Architectures 23

DBMS Evolution 23 ISAM 24 Network and Hierarchical Databases 24 SQL and Relational Databases 25 Desktop, File Server, and Client-Server 29

Terms and Concepts 30 SQL Concepts 38

Database Design 39 Network Database Design 40 Relational Database Design 40 Query Optimization 45 Issues 48

Sample Database and Applications 49 Info Enterprises 49 Sample Applications 50

Road Map for Database Developers 55 Tools for Developing Database Front Ends and Client Applications 56

Chapter 4 Solutions for Multidatabase Programming 57 Terms and Concepts Gateways and Routers Embedded SQL APIs and CLIs

Standard Database APIs: A Historical Perspective and Future Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) INTERSOLV/Q+E Database Library

57 58 59 59 60 61 63

Contents ix

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EDA/CLI Oracle Glue ODBC Drivers

Components and Custom Controls Using Objects to Access Data

Data Access Objects Interoperable Objects

Late Binding Issues Affecting Interoperability Distributed Objects and Remote Data Access Formulating a Database Development Strategy

Chapter 5 Servers and Database Engines

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SQL Server for Windows NT SQL Server Tools Transact-SQL Stored Procedures, Triggers, and Rules Preparing for ODBC INI Files Creating Databases and Tables

Watcom SQL Locking and Isolation Levels Administering Watcom SQL ODBC Setup Programming Notes

Quadbase-SQL VBQUERY Quadbase-SQL XB/Server SQL Scripts Quadbase SQL Command Details

Microrim R:BASE and R:BASE SQL Engine R.-BASE Functions

Raima Database Server Database Administration Database Navigation RDSSQL ODBC and Raima SQL Functions

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x Contents

Oprifm'zaft'o« Extension Module Programming

Gupta SQLBase Transaction Logs and History Files Configuration File SQLBase Administration and SQLTalk Data Organization Networking, SQLGateway, and SQLRouter SQLBase SQL Notes Optimization, Query Plans, and Indexes Stored Procedures, Triggers, and Events С Programming API Example Database

Information Builder's EDA / SQL Programming EDA/SQL

Coromandel Integra VDB Visual Data Manager Visual Query Builder Trigger Definition Custom Controls

Page Ahead's Simba and ODBC Desktop Databases Desktop Driver Notes

Conclusion

Chapter 6 Using ODBC Г1*" v wein^ wwww

Architecture Components

Functions and Features Conformance Levels Relationship to the Windows API Driver Manager Processing Data Types

Installation Setup ODBC SDK Files Used with ODBC

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Contents xi

ODBC Administrator 176 Tracing 177 Configuring Data Sources 178

ODBC SQL 184 SQL Extensions 185 Qualifiers, Owners, and Procedures I9l

ODBC Programming 192 Handles 192 Options That Govern Behavior 192 Connections 194 Metadata, Catalog Information 196 Statements 197 Cursor Operations 200 Results Processing 201 Termination 204 Typical Processing Sequence 205 Referential Integrity 206 Asynchronous Processing 206 Transaction Processing and Concurrency 206 Cursor Library 208 Translation Libraries 211

Interoperable ODBC Applications 211 Л Fundamental Concept 211 Issues Affecting Interoperability 212 Interrogating for Available Features 217 Interrogating for Available Functions 217 Creating Databases and Tables 219 Interrogating for Available Data Types 219

Developer Guidelines 220 Linker Errors with C++ 221 Debugging and Testing 221 Development and Optimization Hints 223 ODBC or Access Engine ? 224 ODBC as a Tool 225

Why ODBC? 225 Supplemental Information 226

0 Ш С Benchmark Kit 226

xii Contents

Chapter 7 Using INTERSOLV QELIB 228 Installation and Features 228

Multiple Access to Data Sources 229 QELIB Data Types 230 Required ODBC Functions 231 Dates 233 Format Strings 233 Joins 233

Functions 233 Connections and Statements 234 Parameter Queries 235 Transactions 236 Retrieving Data 237 Fetching and Caching Result Sets 238 Column Values Retrieval 239 Metadata and Catalog Functions 240 Column Functions 240 Processing Memo and BLOB Data 241 Modifying Records 241 Уег^гои Information and Initialization 243 £rror Handling and Debugging 243 Query Tools 244

Para'/ig 5ßL 246 ODBC Handle Conversion 246

Date-Time Functions 247

Data Conversion 247 Language Considerations 248 Programming Notes 249

0£L/S and ODBC 249

Portable SQL Functions for QELIB 249

Example Programs 250 T • i /-i о с т Typical Query 252 Column Description Information 252

Chapter 8 Data Access and Data Presentation Tools 258 Gupta Quest 259

QuestWindow 260

Contents xiii

Queries

Aggregate Functions

Nonaggregate Functions

Microsoft Excel

Setup

Accessing Data

ODBC Extensions

Executing Queries

Using Microsoft Query

Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)

Microsoft Word for Windows Setup

Accessing Databases

Executing a Query with Word

Using Attached ODBC Tables and Access

Word Developer's Kit and WordBasic

Using the ODBC Extensions

Example Report Macro

Mail Merge

InfoPublisher

Tables

Queries

InfoPublisher and Databases

Crystal Reports for Windows

Report Language Functions _ Pro Edition Indexes Report Layout Mode

Print Engine Programming

Crystal Reports VBX Properties

Example Reports

Dynamic Queries

Form Designer

Links to Other Applications

Lotus 1-2-3 Lotus DataLens

DataLens Driver Notes

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Chapter 9 Rules, Facts, and Objects 312 Asymetrix InfoModeler 312

Views and Modeling a Database 313 FORML 313 Repository, Versions, and Object Reuse 314 Predicates 314 Fact Compiler, Diagrammer, and Table Browser 315 Constraints 316 Mandatory Roles 316 Cardinality 317 Sample Populations 317 Quick Tour 317 Verbalizer and Fact Assistant 319 Driver Notes 320 Example Model 320 InfoEnterprise Tables 321

Using Rules and Databases 322 Rule-based Applications 323

Information Builders' LEVEL 5 OBJECT 323 Actions and RuleTalk 324 Knowledge Base and Inference Engine 325 Editors 325 Actions 327 Using Databases 328

Object Orientation and Object-Oriented Programming 330 Messages, Late Binding, Virtual Methods 332 Data Hiding 333 Object Limitations 335 Conclusion 336

Chapter 10 Tools for Software Developers 337 Developer Tool Roadmap 338

ProtoGen+ Workbench 339 ViewPaint 339 WinControl Library 341 ProtoView Screen Manager 341

Contents xv

• SQLView Field Controls Methods SQLView API Error Handling Visual Development Example

Proto View's ProtoGen+ Application Regeneration Steps to Creating a User Interface

Proto View DataTable Setup

Graphics Server SDK and ChartBuilder Charting Features

Oracle Glue for Windows Containers Glue Architecture and API Generic Glue DLL SQL Glue Language Palmtop Glue and Wizards Visual Basic Glue Programming WizLink Sample Application

Magic Fields Magic Fields API

WindowsMAKER Pro Visual Screen Designer Extended Functionality Modules Quick Look

Visual AppBuilder Visual Programming Layout Window Database ALM and the Database Object Browser Object Table Object Other Database ALM Objects Using AppBuilder Client-Server ALMs Client-Server Example Program

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xvi Contents

Chapter 11 Client-Server Tool Suites 391 ObjectView 391

Database Interface 393

Visual SQL and Personal SQL 395 Workgroup Library 396

Other Features 397 Command Files 398

Development Cycle 399 Developing with ObjectView 399

ObjectView Scripts 400 Panel Events 401 ObjectView and the TODO List Example Application 402

Gupta SQLWindows 403

Objects and Data Types 404

Messages 405 SQL Programming 406 ReportWindows 408 EditWindows 409

TeamWindows 409 Data Dictionary 411

Creating a PERINFO Data Dictionary Using TeamWindows 412 Template Library 413

QuestWindow Example 413 SQLWindows 5.0 416

Powersoft PowerBuilder 419 Painters 420 PowerScript Programming 425 Libraries, Executables, and INI Files 429 ODBC Interface 430

PowerBuilder and OLE 432 Extending PowerBuilder *? 432 Advanced Developer Toolkit 433 Required Resources 433 Report Generation and PowerViewer 434 Example SQL Scripts 434 Creating a PERSINFO ToDo Example Browser 437

Contents xvii

Chapter 12 Client or Client-Server (FoxPro and Access) 442 Microsoft FoxPro for Windows 442

Architecture 443 Screen Builder 443 Menu Builder and Report Writer 443

RQBE 444

Using Index Files 445 Creating FoxPro Tables for the Example Application 445 FoxApp and the Sample Application 453

FoxPro Connectivity Kit 455 FPSQL Programming 457 Getting ODBC Data Source Table Information 459 Executing Remote Queries Using ODBC 460

FoxPro Connectivity Demo Executive Information System 462

Microsoft Access 463

Database Organization and Permissions 464

Tables and Views 465 Referential Integrity 467

Queries 468 Forms 471 Reports 473 Customizing Access Applications 473

Macros 473

Events 473 DDE and OLE 476 SQL and Data Types 476

Btrieve Files 479 Mapping Data Types 480

Using Access and the Access Engine with ODBC 481

Cursor Model 482 Connections and Statements 482

Cursor Commit Behavior 482 Dynasets and Snapshots 483 Level 1 ODBC and Unique Indexes 484

Exporting Data 484 SQL Pass-through 484

xviii Contents

Local Processing and Heterogeneous Joins 485 Server Data Modification 486 Configuration Information 486

Frequently Asked Questions 487

Programming with Data Access Objects in Access and Visual Basic 487 DAO Programming Notes 489 Collection Methods 491 DBEngine Object 492 Database Object 492 Container Object 493 Document Object 493 Relation Object 494 Group Object 494 User Object 494 Workspace Object 495 Field Object 495 Index Object 496 TablesDefs and Database Structure Information 497 QueryDefs 498 Parameter Object 498 Recordsets 499 Property Object 502 Considerations for the Future 509 Fi'eW Properties 509 Indexes 509 Example Access Database 510

Performance Hints for Using Access in Client-Server Applications 511 Local Tables 512 Forms 512 Connections 512 Timestamps 513 Transactions 513 Indexes 513 Stored Procedures 513 ^ , C I O

Queries 513 Locks 513

Contents

Chapter 13 Database Programming with Visual Basic Choice of Techniques

Programming with the Data Control

Data Control Example

Calling ODBC API Functions

Developer Notes

Object Layer vs. API

OLE Automation Client

Stored Procedures

Multimedia and the Media Control Interface (MCI)

Optimizing VB

E-mail, Messaging, and MAPI

Electronics Forms Designer

Registrant Sample

Database Updates with MEF

Distributed Report Applications

Visual Basic Add-ons

Bound Controls

Custom Controls for Visual Basic

INTERSOLV MultiLink/VB

Custom Controls

Programming with MultiLinWVB

Visual Basic for Applications

Conclusion

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Chapter 14 Database Programming with C++ Infrastructure

Component Development (DLLs, VBXs, OCXs)

Windows 95 SDK

Client-Server Tool Suites

Libraries

Wizards and Experts

Message and Event Handling

Serializable, Streamable Objects

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Record Handling with Record Field Exchange and Transfer Buffers

Resource Editors

Document/View Architecture

Exception Handling and Templates

Browsers

Borland C++

Class Libraries

Resource Workshop

Winsight and WinSpector

IDE, AppExpert, and Class Expert

IDE Debugging, Turbo Debugger

Streams

ObjectWindows Library (OWL)

ObjectWindows 2.0 Classes

Database Development with OWL

Borland Database Engine

Microsoft Visual C++

Visual Workbench

AppWizard, ClassWizard

Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC)

MFC Class Hierarchy

AppStudio

Integrated Debugging and Codeview

Exception Handling and Templates

Multithreading Routines

Version Control with VER.DLL

Developing ODBC Programs

Developing SQL Classes

Design Issues

Polymorphism

Caveats

C++ and SQL Objects

Developing QELIB Classes

Developing ODBC Classes

Building the Applications

Program Example: Metadata with ODBCDict and QEStruct

QEStruct

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Contents xxi

Back-end Interrogation 607 Guidelines for Extensions 608

Chapter 15 Solutions for C++ Database Programming 610 Borland C++ and Visual Solutions Pack

Date Formats

Database Operations

Triggers

Modifying the To Do Example

Using Integra VDB and Visual C+ +

MFC Database Classes

Database Class

Recordset Class

Record View Class

Database Exceptions Class

BLOBs (Long Binary Class)

Data Exchange Class

ODBC Conformance Issues

Cursor Library * MFC Components

AppWizard Database Support Options

Example Application

Using a Single Database Object with Multiple Recordsets

OLE and OCXs

OLE Control Developer's Kit

Bound Controls

Why Use the CDK?

Chapter 16 Programming with OLE 2.0 Overview

OLE versus "Traditional" Techniques

Standards for Interoperable Objects

OLE 2.0 Architecture

Terms, Concepts, and Features

Component Object Model

User Interface Issues

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xxii Contents

Linking and Monikers

Compound Documents and Embedded Objects

Embedding and Linking Issues

Object Interfaces

Interface Inheritance

Unique Identifiers and the Registration Database

Marshaling, Concurrency, and Notifications

Data Objects and Uniform Data Transfer

Structured Storage and Streams

Clipboard and Drag and Drop

In-place Activation

OLE Automation

OLE Interfaces and Functions

Debugging

DispTest

MFC OLE 2 Classes

OLE Classes

OLE 2 Features Not in MFC 2.5

Updating the Registration Database

Automation Server Example Using MFC

Examining the Application Class

Dispatch Interface

Examining the Document Class

Getting, Setting, and Exposing Properties

Exposing Methods

Dispatch Map

Automation Client Example

Visual Basic for Applications

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Chapter 17 Lagniappe 694 Sharp Wizard

Oracle Palmtop Glue

Monitoring and Tracing Tools

odbc Inspector

SQL Inspector

Dr. DeeBee Tools

DataSync

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Contents xxiii

Rules and Operation Subset Definition

Access Upsizing Tools Permissions

RoboHELP Query Analyzer SQL Code Profiler

Workgroup Applications Schedule+ Lotus Notes Connectivity

УВЯШ Using Voice and Sound in Database Applications

Attaching Sounds to Alerts Voice Recognition Windows Sound System

Video for Windows MCI Command Messages for A VI Data MCI Control

Computer Eyes

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Appendix A Windows Multi-DBMS Programming Companion Software 721

Companion CD-ROM 721 IMPORTANT NOTICE 721 CD-ROM Contents 722 SQL Scripts for the Sample Databases 723

ScreenCam Movies 725 ODINFO 726

Windows Software 726 Code Manager and Search Professional 726 Crystal Reports for Windows 726 ObjectView Limited Edition 727 Microsoft ODBC Desktop Drivers 727 ODBSEEME 727 Q+E Database Library and MultiLink/VB 727 Quadbase-SQL 3.0a 727

xxiv Contents

Microsoft Video for Windows Runtime System 728 Watcom SQL 3.2 Runtime System for Windows 728 SDP Technologies S-Designor Evaluation Kit 728

Appendix В Sample ODBC Initialization (ODBC.INI)

File for a Client PC 729

Appendix С Sources for ODBC Applications and Tools 737

Appendix D ODBC Driver Contact Information 742

Index 749

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