Windows CE 6.0 ArchitectureWindows CE 6.0 Architecture

Douglas BolingPresidentBoling Consulting Inc.www.bolingconsulting.com

Douglas BolingPresidentBoling Consulting Inc.www.bolingconsulting.com

SpeakerSpeaker

Douglas Boling dbolingmedc @ bolingconsulting.com

Author – “Programming MicrosoftWindows CE 3rd Edition”

Trainer – Classes on Windows CE App DevelopmentWindows CE OAL Development

.NET Compact Framework

Consultant – Work with companies to help their Windows CE application and

platform development efforts

Douglas Boling dbolingmedc @ bolingconsulting.com

Author – “Programming MicrosoftWindows CE 3rd Edition”

Trainer – Classes on Windows CE App DevelopmentWindows CE OAL Development

.NET Compact Framework

Consultant – Work with companies to help their Windows CE application and

platform development efforts

AgendaAgenda

Overview - IntroductionWindows CE 6 Memory ModelNew FeaturesCompatibilityBSP Changes

Overview - IntroductionWindows CE 6 Memory ModelNew FeaturesCompatibilityBSP Changes

SP1 SP1 2.112.11

SP2 SP2 2.122.12

JamesonJameson 4.1 4.1

McKendricMcKendric 4.2 4.2

TomatinTomatin NMD FP NMD FP

Brief HistoryBrief HistoryWhat we’ve been doingWhat we’ve been doingBrief HistoryBrief HistoryWhat we’ve been doingWhat we’ve been doing

Pegasus/AlderPegasus/AlderWindows CE 1.0Windows CE 1.0

11/199611/1996

BirchBirch Windows CE 2.0Windows CE 2.0

11/199711/1997

Cedar Cedar Windows CE 3.0Windows CE 3.0

4/20004/2000

TaliskerTalisker Windows CE Windows CE

.NET 4.0.NET 4.01/20021/2002

MacallanMacallan Windows CE 5.0Windows CE 5.0

8/20048/2004

YamazakiYamazaki Windows CE 6Windows CE 6

H2/2006H2/2006

Windows CE LimitsWindows CE Limits

From Windows CE 1 to Windows CE 5, Windows CE has always had limits

32 processes at any one time

32 MB Virtual Memory per process

From Windows CE 1 to Windows CE 5, Windows CE has always had limits

32 processes at any one time

32 MB Virtual Memory per process

::::

Windows CE 5.0 Memory ModelWindows CE 5.0 Memory Model

Shared MemoryShared Memory

KernelKernel

32 Slots for 32 Slots for ProcessesProcesses

SingleSingle2 GB VM2 GB VM

for allfor allProcessesProcesses

Execution Slot and Execution Slot and

Shared DLL SlotShared DLL SlotSlot 0 – ExecutionSlot 0 – ExecutionSlot 1 – ROM DLLsSlot 1 – ROM DLLs

Slot 2 – FileSys.exeSlot 2 – FileSys.exeSlot 3 – Device.exeSlot 3 – Device.exeSlot 4 – GWES.exeSlot 4 – GWES.exe

Slot 5 – Services.exeSlot 5 – Services.exe

Slot 31Slot 31Slot 32Slot 32

Slot 6 – Explorer.exeSlot 6 – Explorer.exe

2 GB2 GBKernelKernelSpaceSpace

Slot 7Slot 7

Windows CE 5.0 Memory ModelWindows CE 5.0 Memory Model

Virtual Memory Map2 GB for Kernel

Single 2 GB mapping for all processesDivided up into 32 MB “slots”

32 Process LimitEach process has one 32 MB slot

32 slots for processes

Shared memoryUpper half of user space is shared memory

Read / Write by all processes

Virtual Memory Map2 GB for Kernel

Single 2 GB mapping for all processesDivided up into 32 MB “slots”

32 Process LimitEach process has one 32 MB slot

32 slots for processes

Shared memoryUpper half of user space is shared memory

Read / Write by all processes

Windows CE 6.0 Memory ModelWindows CE 6.0 Memory Model

32 KProcess

2 GB2 GBperper

ProcessProcess

2 GBKernelSpace

Windows CE Memory ModelWindows CE Memory Model

Process CodeProcess CodeUser VMUser VM

KernelKernelFilesystemFilesystem

GWESGWESDriversDrivers

. . .

. . .

Introducing the New KernelIntroducing the New Kernel

2 GB of Virtual Memory per process

32,000 processes

Unified KernelCritical OS components moved into kernel space

Improved system performance

Increased security and robustness

High degree of backwards compatibility

2 GB of Virtual Memory per process

32,000 processes

Unified KernelCritical OS components moved into kernel space

Improved system performance

Increased security and robustness

High degree of backwards compatibility

Application Virtual Memory SpaceApplication Virtual Memory Space

Shared User DLLsShared User DLLs512 MB512 MB

RAM Backed RAM Backed MapfilesMapfiles256 MB256 MB

Shared System Shared System HeapHeap

255 MB255 MB

Process spaceProcess space1 GB per 1 GB per processprocess

User Space 2 Gigabytes

Each process has its own mapping

R/W for OS componentsRead only for user process

RAM Backed MapfilesMapped at fixed location for better

backwards compatibility

All DLLs – code and dataSame mapping across all processes

Data pages are unique physical pagesCode pages are shared

Executable code and dataVM Allocation

File Back Mapfiles

0x00000000

0x40000000

0x80000000

0x80000000

Kernel Virtual Memory SpaceKernel Virtual Memory Space

Kernel Space2 Gigabytes

Fixed mapping independent of

user space

0xFFFFFFFF

All XIP DLLs in kernel

Cached access to physical memory

Uncached access to physical memory

Ram file system & ram registry

Kernel Virtual MemoryShared by all kernelServers and drivers

System Trap AreaCPU Specific VMCPU Specific VM

Kernel VMKernel VM256 / 512 MB256 / 512 MB

Object Store (128MB)Object Store (128MB)

Kernel XIP DLLs (128 MB)Kernel XIP DLLs (128 MB)

Static Mapped Static Mapped UncachedUncached512 MB512 MB

Static Mapped Static Mapped CachedCached512 MB512 MB

New OS LayoutNew OS Layout

Moving critical drivers, file system, and graphical window manager into the kernel

Kernel version of Coredll.dll Same APIs without the thunks

BenefitGreatly reduces the overhead of system calls between these components

Reduces overhead of all calls from user space to kernel space

Increase code sharing between base OS services

Moving critical drivers, file system, and graphical window manager into the kernel

Kernel version of Coredll.dll Same APIs without the thunks

BenefitGreatly reduces the overhead of system calls between these components

Reduces overhead of all calls from user space to kernel space

Increase code sharing between base OS services

New OS LayoutNew OS Layout

OAL.DLLFILESYS NETWORK

DEVICE.DLLKERNEL.DLL

Applications

SHELL

Drivers

Hardware

Boot Loader

COREDLL / WINSOCK / COMMCTRL / WININET / COMMDLG

KernelSpace

UserSpace

KCOREDLL.DLL

ServicesServicesServicesUser Mode

Drivers

GWES

SERVICES.EXE ServicesServicesServicesServices UDEVICE.EXE

OAL (NK.EXE)

Performance & SizePerformance & Size

Improvements expected in process switching

Same performance Thread Switching

Memory Allocation

System Calls

Some slow down with interprocess callsNow involves data marshalling

Size increase is less then 5%

Improvements expected in process switching

Same performance Thread Switching

Memory Allocation

System Calls

Some slow down with interprocess callsNow involves data marshalling

Size increase is less then 5%

Windows CE 5.0 System CallsWindows CE 5.0 System Calls

Application makes callPSL jump

Kernel Validates parametersMaps Service into Slot 0

Possible Cache FlushCalls into to the service

Service Runs Returns to Kernel

KernelMaps App into Slot 0

Possible cache flushReturns to App

Application makes callPSL jump

Kernel Validates parametersMaps Service into Slot 0

Possible Cache FlushCalls into to the service

Service Runs Returns to Kernel

KernelMaps App into Slot 0

Possible cache flushReturns to App

ApplicatioApplicationn

ServiceService(FileSys)(FileSys)(Device)(Device)(GWES)(GWES)

Kernel

Windows CE 6.0 Beta System CallsWindows CE 6.0 Beta System Calls

Application makes callSame call to coredll.dll

App stays mapped during the call

Kernel Validates parameters

Calls into to the service

Service Runs

Returns directly to the app

Application makes callSame call to coredll.dll

App stays mapped during the call

Kernel Validates parameters

Calls into to the service

Service Runs

Returns directly to the app

ApplicationApplication

ServiceServiceKernelKernel

New FeaturesNew Features

New FeaturesNew Features

New Security Model“Trust / Run / No Load” model gone

New: “Trust / No Load”

Prepares operating system for ACL securityWindows XP-like Access Control List security to be implemented in the future

New Security Model“Trust / Run / No Load” model gone

New: “Trust / No Load”

Prepares operating system for ACL securityWindows XP-like Access Control List security to be implemented in the future

New FeaturesNew Features

New File SystemsExFAT

Large file support

Large volume support

UDFS 2.5 read only support

Large Memory Mapped File SupportSupport for mapping views into very large files

Up to 64-bit files

Big benefit for in car navigation and multimedia

New File SystemsExFAT

Large file support

Large volume support

UDFS 2.5 read only support

Large Memory Mapped File SupportSupport for mapping views into very large files

Up to 64-bit files

Big benefit for in car navigation and multimedia

New FeaturesNew FeaturesNew FeaturesNew Features

New driver supportNew driver supportUSB On-the-go (OTG)USB On-the-go (OTG)

New USB Function / Host class driversNew USB Function / Host class drivers

Enhanced VoIP supportEnhanced VoIP supportVoIP support over wired and WLAN networks

Full-featured phone application

Updated SIP signaling and Media stack (RTC 1.5)

New driver supportNew driver supportUSB On-the-go (OTG)USB On-the-go (OTG)

New USB Function / Host class driversNew USB Function / Host class drivers

Enhanced VoIP supportEnhanced VoIP supportVoIP support over wired and WLAN networks

Full-featured phone application

Updated SIP signaling and Media stack (RTC 1.5)

New FeaturesNew Features

WWireless LAN enhancementsireless LAN enhancementsMultiple radio support and faster AP-AP roamingMultiple radio support and faster AP-AP roaming

Added 802.11i support for WPA2 complianceAdded 802.11i support for WPA2 compliance

Added 802.11e support for QoSAdded 802.11e support for QoS

Bluetooth enhancements Bluetooth enhancements BT protocol stack performance optimizationsBT protocol stack performance optimizations

Enhanced BT profiles: A2DP, AVRCPEnhanced BT profiles: A2DP, AVRCP

WWireless LAN enhancementsireless LAN enhancementsMultiple radio support and faster AP-AP roamingMultiple radio support and faster AP-AP roaming

Added 802.11i support for WPA2 complianceAdded 802.11i support for WPA2 compliance

Added 802.11e support for QoSAdded 802.11e support for QoS

Bluetooth enhancements Bluetooth enhancements BT protocol stack performance optimizationsBT protocol stack performance optimizations

Enhanced BT profiles: A2DP, AVRCPEnhanced BT profiles: A2DP, AVRCP

CompatibilityCompatibility

Compatibility Compatibility

Binary compatibility for applications is the key goal

Well behaved applications will work w/ little/no changes

Compatibility maintained through CoreDLL Minimize impact on Win32 APIsChanges hidden in API libraries

Apps using undocumented techniques… Will likely have to be modifiedSuch as passing handles or pointers between processes

Main changes will be in drivers and servicesSome drivers will migrate with little work

Binary compatibility for applications is the key goal

Well behaved applications will work w/ little/no changes

Compatibility maintained through CoreDLL Minimize impact on Win32 APIsChanges hidden in API libraries

Apps using undocumented techniques… Will likely have to be modifiedSuch as passing handles or pointers between processes

Main changes will be in drivers and servicesSome drivers will migrate with little work

Application Porting Test CasesApplication Porting Test Cases

WM 5.0 ported to Windows CE 6.0 Beta

Running Windows CE 5.0 commercial applications on Windows CE 6.0 Beta

WM 5.0 ported to Windows CE 6.0 Beta

Running Windows CE 5.0 commercial applications on Windows CE 6.0 Beta

Compatibility TesterCompatibility Tester

Identifies removed / deprecated / changed APIs

Supports both static and runtime analysis

Produces a detail report of any issues it finds

Includes documentation and suggestions

We will release it before Windows CE 6.0 RTM

Will allow customers to prepare ahead of time

Identifies removed / deprecated / changed APIs

Supports both static and runtime analysis

Produces a detail report of any issues it finds

Includes documentation and suggestions

We will release it before Windows CE 6.0 RTM

Will allow customers to prepare ahead of time

BSP ChangesBSP Changes

Family BSP KernelWill be in the beta release

(Yes/No)

ARM

Intel Mainstone III (C-Step)

ARMv4i Yes

Plato VoIP Reference Platform

ARMv4i Yes

Device Emulator ARMv4i Yes

Aruba Board ARMv4i No

TI OMAP 2420 ARMv6 Yes

MIPSNEC Rockhopper SG2 Vr5500

MIPSII & II_PF, MIPSIV & IV_FP

Yes

SH4Hitachi/Renesas Aspen

SH4 Yes

x86 x86 (CEPC) X86 Yes

Windows CE 6 Beta BSPsWindows CE 6 Beta BSPs

CodeCode TitleTitle SpeakersSpeakers

EMB321EMB321Porting a Windows CE 5.0 BSP to the next release Porting a Windows CE 5.0 BSP to the next release of Windows CEof Windows CE

Travis Hobrla; Travis Hobrla; Don WeberDon Weber

EMB308EMB308 Windows CE Secure Boot LoaderWindows CE Secure Boot Loader Steve Maillet; Steve Maillet; Glen LangerGlen Langer

OAL ChangesOAL Changes

OAL split from kernelBecomes “NK.EXE”

Kernel code becomes “Kernel.DLL”

Enables separate updates

Overall OAL structure remains the sameSame OEM functions

OAL / kernel interface through shared structures

OAL split from kernelBecomes “NK.EXE”

Kernel code becomes “Kernel.DLL”

Enables separate updates

Overall OAL structure remains the sameSame OEM functions

OAL / kernel interface through shared structures

Windows CE 5.0 OAL DesignWindows CE 5.0 OAL DesignWindows CE 5.0 OAL DesignWindows CE 5.0 OAL Design

KernelKernel

OALOAL

HardwareHardwareRTCRTC

Cach

e

Cach

e

libra

rylib

rary

Inte

rrup

t In

terru

pt

libra

rylib

rary

IOC

TL

IOC

TL

libra

rylib

rary

Sta

rtup

S

tartu

p

libra

rylib

rary

RTC

RTC

libra

rylib

rary

KIT

LK

ITL

libra

rylib

rary

OS

Tim

er

OS

Tim

er

libra

rylib

rary

TimersTimers CachesCaches SerialSerialportport

EthernetEthernetportport

USBUSBportport

kernel.dllkernel.dll

oal.exeoal.exe

RTCRTCC

ach

e

Cach

e

libra

rylib

rary

Inte

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t In

terru

pt

libra

rylib

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IOC

TL

IOC

TL

libra

rylib

rary

Sta

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S

tartu

p

libra

rylib

rary

RTC

RTC

libra

rylib

rary

kitl.dllkitl.dllOS

Tim

er

OS

Tim

er

libra

rylib

rary

TimersTimers CachesCaches SerialSerialportport

EthernetEthernetportport

USBUSBportportHardwareHardware

NKGLOBALNKGLOBAL

KITL IOCTLKITL IOCTL

Windows CE 6.0 OAL DesignWindows CE 6.0 OAL DesignWindows CE 6.0 OAL DesignWindows CE 6.0 OAL Design

OEMGLOBALOEMGLOBALNKStub.lNKStub.libib

(nk.exe)(nk.exe)

DriversDrivers

Two types of drivers will be supportedKernel Mode for performance

User Mode for robustness

The overall structure of the drivers remains

Main changes are in how the drivers access client memory

Drivers are still DLLs

Same Stream interface

Two types of drivers will be supportedKernel Mode for performance

User Mode for robustness

The overall structure of the drivers remains

Main changes are in how the drivers access client memory

Drivers are still DLLs

Same Stream interface

Kernel Mode DriversKernel Mode Drivers

Operate in kernel’s address spaceCalls to operating system functions very fast

ISRs and ISTs operate in the same process space

Thunking layer available for user interface services

Drivers needing the best performance should be kernel mode

Such as those with lots of quick API calls

Operate in kernel’s address spaceCalls to operating system functions very fast

ISRs and ISTs operate in the same process space

Thunking layer available for user interface services

Drivers needing the best performance should be kernel mode

Such as those with lots of quick API calls

User Mode DriversUser Mode Drivers

Loaded by udevices.exeNo access to kernel structures or memory

Same API support as applications

Examples:Expansion buses like USB and SDIO

Drivers where performance is not a factor should consider moving to user mode

Called less often and do more work

Loaded by udevices.exeNo access to kernel structures or memory

Same API support as applications

Examples:Expansion buses like USB and SDIO

Drivers where performance is not a factor should consider moving to user mode

Called less often and do more work

Porting Drivers to the New Windows CE OSPorting Drivers to the New Windows CE OS

Most drivers become kernel mode drivers Driver writers must focus on security and stability

Maximum backward-compatibility is maintained

Though, some driver modifications are required

Deprecated APIs

Asynchronous buffer access

User Interface Handling

Most drivers become kernel mode drivers Driver writers must focus on security and stability

Maximum backward-compatibility is maintained

Though, some driver modifications are required

Deprecated APIs

Asynchronous buffer access

User Interface Handling

Caller Process Mapping (5.0)Caller Process Mapping (5.0)

Slot 31 CloneSlot 31 Clone

Slot 2Slot 2

Slot 3Slot 3

.

.

.

0000 00000200 00000400 0000

0600 0000

3E00 0000

4000 00004200 0000

FileSys

Device Mgr

Slot 32Slot 32

Application (Slot Application (Slot 31)31)

Slot 3 CloneSlot 3 Clone

Slot 2Slot 2

Slot 3Slot 3

.

.

.

FileSys

Device Mgr

Slot 32Slot 32

Slot 31Slot 31

At call to DeviceIoControl When DeviceIoControl processed

Caller Process Mapping (6.0)Caller Process Mapping (6.0)

Application

Kernel

Application

Kernel

KernelDrivers

KernelDrivers

Before Call During Call

Applicationspace visibleto application

ApplicationSpace visible

to driver

Kernelspace visible

to driver

Kernelspace hidden

from application

Handling CallsHandling Calls

App memory already mapped correctlyCan access it without re-mapping pointers

Marshalling Helper LibraryProvides APIs for handling user data

Deprecated APIs:SetProcPermissions, MapPtrToProcess, MapCallerPointer, …

App memory already mapped correctlyCan access it without re-mapping pointers

Marshalling Helper LibraryProvides APIs for handling user data

Deprecated APIs:SetProcPermissions, MapPtrToProcess, MapCallerPointer, …

Driver Pointer SafetyDriver Pointer Safety

OS checks buffers referenced by caller parameters

Buffers are accessed checked

Embedded pointers are valid but not access checked

Safe drivers should use CeMapCallerPointer / CeCloseCallerBuffer

Paranoid drivers should force duplication of buffer

OS checks buffers referenced by caller parameters

Buffers are accessed checked

Embedded pointers are valid but not access checked

Safe drivers should use CeMapCallerPointer / CeCloseCallerBuffer

Paranoid drivers should force duplication of buffer

Asynchronous AccessAsynchronous Access

Windows CE 6 forces new treatment of asynchronous access from driver to application

Old: SetProcPermissions to change thread access rights

New: CeAllocAsynchronousBuffer / CeFreeAsynchronousBuffer to marshal data

Windows CE 6 forces new treatment of asynchronous access from driver to application

Old: SetProcPermissions to change thread access rights

New: CeAllocAsynchronousBuffer / CeFreeAsynchronousBuffer to marshal data

SummarySummary

Great new architectureRemoves the old limits

Performance expected as good as current

Memory footprint similar

OAL / Driver porting fairly straightforward

Great new architectureRemoves the old limits

Performance expected as good as current

Memory footprint similar

OAL / Driver porting fairly straightforward

QuestionsQuestions

dbolingmedc @ bolingconsulting.comdbolingmedc @ bolingconsulting.com

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should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.