Windermere

Franklin, Williamson County, Tennessee

Historic Structure Assessment, 2012

Windermere

Franklin, Williamson County, Tennessee

Historic Structure Assessment

Prepared for: J. Roderick Heller III and Kay Culbreath Heller

Prepared by the Tennessee Civil War National Heritage Area: Ginna Foster Cannon, Graduate Research Assistant

Thomas Flagel, Graduate Research Assistant Jessica Lauren White, Graduate Research Assistant

Dr. Carroll Van West, Director Laura Holder, Federal Liaison

December 2012

Acknowledgements Windermere: Archival Analysis and Historical Context Existing Conditions Overview:

-House Exterior Description -House Interior Description

Appendices

-Appendix A

-Appendix B

-Appendix C

-Appendix D

Endnotes and Bibliography

Table of Contents

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Acknowledgements

Windermere is a historic property on the edge of the Franklin Battlefield in Williamson County, Tennessee. The property not only shares in the history of the events of November 30, 1864, when soldiers of the Army of Tennessee crossed its land during their assault on Union lines, but it also has an important post-war association. Here, in one of the house’s bedrooms, Carrie Winder McGavock of adjacent Carnton Plantation who established the nearby Confederate Cemetery, passed from this life in 1905. Due to these important associations, and in search of the date of the house’s construction, the Tennessee Civil War National Heritage Area, a partnership unit of the National Park Service administered by the MTSU Center for Historic Preservation, accepted the request of the owners for a comprehensive archival and architectural analysis of Windermere. The Heritage Area gratefully acknowledges the diligent, insightful work of three MTSU public history graduate students— Ginna Foster Cannon, Thomas Flagel, and Jessica White— who undertook the study under my guidance. Cannon, Flagel, and White, with the assistance of Dr. West, measured the interior and exterior of the house and took ample photos. White put together Auto CAD drawings , Flagel researched the history of the house including documented changes, and Cannon worked on the house analysis. White and Cannon, with the guidance of Dr. West, evaluated the building and developed the Historic Structure Assessment. For the archival assessment, foremost credit goes to Rick Warwick, chief historian for the Williamson County Heritage Foundation, in providing expert direction and critical materials. Great thanks must also go to the patient and obliging staffs at the Williamson County Archives, the Tennessee State Library and Archives, as well as the Battle of Franklin Trust and its staff at the Fleming Center. We also thank J. Roderick Heller III and Kay Culbreath Heller for shar-ing the history of their property with our project team. Their gracious hospitality and assistance set the right tone for the entire project. Carroll Van West Director Tennessee Civil War National Heritage Area

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Clouded Origins:

Viewed from later generations, there may have been reason to believe Windermere existed for several years before it actually did. One tradition states that Windermere was a wedding gift from Carnton Plantation’s owner John McGavock to his daughter Hattie (Harriet) Young McGavock and her husband George Limerick Cowan. Origins of this story are yet unknown, but it could be interpreted to suggest that Windermere stood as an established entity at the time of Hattie and George’s wedding on January 3, 1884.1

In reality, the wedding itself took place at Carnton, and it resulted in no change of residence for the groom. Cowan continued to live in Nashville, where he operated a wholesale business with his two brothers. The bride’s father would indeed issue a gift of property to his sole living daughter, but not until late the following year; on October 17th, 1885, John McGavock deeded 200 acres from his Carnton land, giving 100 acres each to daughter Hattie and son Winder. Nothing in Hattie’s deed indicated structures nor buildings already existed on the property, yet her section involved the land upon which Windermere would eventually be built (For full transcriptions of these deeds, see Appendix A). 2

In 1886, as Williamson County tax records confirmed the 100 acres had passed to

George and Hattie Cowan (George appearing in that county’s records for the first time). Those same records showed that George was not yet paying a poll tax, indicating he had not yet become a resident of Williamson County. The Nashville City Directory verified this fact, as George was still listed as working and residing in downtown Nashville (For Williamson County Tax Records from 1884 to 1926, see Appendix B). The 1886 Williamson County Tax Records also show that Cowan’s “Value of Acres” for the 100-acre parcel and the “Total Real Property” are both listed at $5,000, suggesting that no improvements had been made on the land. 4

That same year, on September 18, John McGavock issued his last will and testament. The document confirmed McGavock’s previous 100-acre deeds to daughter Hattie and son Winder. Yet notably, John added, “…all my improvements including my residence shall be in

Williamson County Heritage Foundation. George Cowan and Hattie McGavock Cowan were about 45 and 32 years of age respectively at the time of Windermere’s construction. 3

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my said son’s part of said land,” indicating that no improvements had been made on Hattie’s parcel (For transcription of McGavock’s will, see Appendix C).5

Construction in 1887:

On July 6th, 1887, in exchange for $3,000 cash, John McGavock deeded an additional 47 acres to the Cowans, a parcel attached to the 100 acres already given to Hattie. Once again, the deed mentioned no structures (see Appendix A). This year, George unquestionably made Franklin his home. The 1887 Nashville Directory listed Cowan as living in a house in Franklin. In addition, the 1887 Williamson County Tax Records show him paying a poll tax for the first time, confirming his new residency, and evidence indicates it was the newly constructed Windermere. 6

Under the year’s tax records, Cowan’s land holdings were still listed at 100 acres, and the “Value of Acres” and “Total Real Property” were both listed as $5,000. Thus, Cowan may not have considered the home finished, yet it was definitely underway. The 1905 volume of Notable Men of Tennessee: Personal and Genealogical Portraits said of Cowan, “After his marriage, he erected a neat cottage on their place, a part of the McGavock farm, and this has since been their home.” The entry added, “The family home is one mile south of Franklin and is a very pretty and attractive place.” Furthermore, the 1888 Williamson County Tax Records have Cowan owning 125 acres of land (though not the 147 acres that the deed records would indicate). Notably, Cowan reports his “Personal Property minus $1,000” to be $200, suggesting that he likely made improvements the previous year. His 1889 – 1892 tax records show no such difference.7

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Absence of Lineage up to 1887:

As stated previously, there is no conclusive evidence that any finished structure existed at the present site of Windermere before 1887. To start, no available antebellum, Civil War, or postwar map indicates otherwise. Arguably the most detailed Civil War-era diagram of the area, Confederate Engineer Major Wilbur F. Foster’s map of the 1864 Battle of Franklin and the Federal map of field works at the battle (see maps and insets below), show the McGavock home of Carnton, the nearby toll house and saw mill along Lewisburg Pike and other surrounding homes. However, there is no structure shown at the current site of Windermere.9

Williamson County Heritage Foundation. The far left figure, the child by the dog, and the child slightly behind the right-rear wagon wheel, might be three of the Cowan children, from left to right - Carrie Winder Cowan (b. Oct 12, 1884), Samuel Kincaid Cowan (b. Dec. 20, 1890), and John Cowan (b. July 11, 1886). If that is the case, this image would be circa 1894. Under highest resolution (1914X1320), the home appears to be in near pristine condition, further indicating that the house was relatively new in the early 1890s.8

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See endnote 9.

See endnote 9.

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See endnote 9.

See endnote 9.

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In addition, inspection of the home’s oldest floorboards from above and in the crawl spaces below reveals no bloodstains. Such staining, especially near windows (amputation locales) and along walls (where the wounded often sat) are common features among the forty-plus homes and churches in Franklin that were used as post-battle field hospitals.

Concerning the November 30, 1864 Battle of Franklin, no known battle account from soldiers or civilians indicates the presence of Windermere. It is reasonable to consider that such a building would have been notable, as it stands on a prominent hill, it would have been several hundred meters closer to the Union defensive lines than Carnton, and would have stood directly in the path of the Confederate assault on the eastern flank (see image below).

Furthermore, no known wartime accounts exist involving a building specifically on the present location. Many area families and occupation soldiers left records of foraging parties, deforestation operations (especially during the spring 1863 construction of Fort Granger), local skirmishes, scouting operations, and military exercises. Several of these accounts refer to buildings and structures within 1,500 meters of the present site of Windermere, but Windermere itself is ever mentioned, nor any other structure on the hill. In 1866, the McGavocks signed five contracts with freedmen, and two of the contracts mentioned housing, but neither suggested residing in a place as far from Carnton as Windermere would have been.10 Also, U.S. Census reports of 1860, 1870, and 1880 have the four members of the McGavock family (parents John and Carrie, children Hattie and Winder) all living at the Carnton residence (see Appendix D).11 Finally, no Williamson County records up to 1887 indicate a structure on the present site.12 Popular is the notion that “Windermere” means “Mother Winder” and refers to Martha Grundy Winder, Carrie McGavock’s mother. In reality, “mere” is Old English for lake (and there is indeed a lake known as Windermere in Cumbria, England). The 1860 U.S. Census does indicate that Martha and several of her children temporarily lived in the same district as the

2012 Google Earth image of Windermere and Carnton, with proximity and distances in meters to the Union front lines of the November 30, 1864 Battle of Franklin.

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McGavocks at Carnton, but there is no archival or architectural indication that the present home existed before 1877. Further, documented use of “Windermere” to describe the dwelling does not appear until the twentieth century, soon after Carrie’s death in 1905.13 Popular is the notion that “Windermere” means “Mother Winder” supposedly a connection to Martha Grundy Winder, Carrie McGavock’s mother. The 1860 U.S. Census does indicate that Martha and several of her children temporarily lived in Williamson County Census District 1, the same census district as the McGavocks at Carnton. However, that particular ward– equivalent to District 9 in the county tax records– was considerable in size, containing Franklin proper and much of its surrounding countryside. White it has not yet been determined precisely where in the district Martha resided, there is no evidentiary indication that she lived at the present location of Windermere, nor is there yet any indication that any dwelling stood on the hill before 1887.14 Concerning the homestead’s name, “mere” does mean mother, although in French. Yet “mere” is also Old English and Scottish Gaelic for lake or loch. Indeed, there is a lake called Windermere in Cumbria, England. Notably, the McGavocks came to the Americas by way of Scotland and Ireland, and the homestead name of Carnton is likely of Gaelic derivation (meaning pile of stones). Regardless of its linguistic origin, documented use of “Windermere” to describe the dwelling does not appear until the twentieth century, soon after Carrie Winder McGavock’s death in the home in 1905. The timing and location would suggest that the term is in homage to Carrie rather than Martha.15 1887-1914: Residency of George L. Cowan/Hattie McGavock Cowan The Building, and Centrality in Civil War Commemoration After construction of the home in 1887, the Cowans, and the home as well, emerged as central figures in Civil War commemoration in and around Franklin, reflecting a nationwide surge in memorialization in the last decade of the century.

In 1890, Chattanooga and Chickamauga became the first national battlefield parks in the country, followed soon after by Shiloh in 1894, Gettysburg in 1895, and Vicksburg in 1899. Notably, Williamson County had strong connections to these locations, losing many residents in four of the five engagements (the costliest for the county being Shiloh, where the battle resulted in an estimated 24 Franklin area recruits killed, 57 wounded, and 6 captured).16

Veterans’ reunions also surged. In the 1870s, there were ten Union, one collective, and no exclusively Confederate state or national gatherings in the country. In the 1880s, there were at least fifteen altogether. In the 1890s, the total jumped to more than fifty major reunions, scores of smaller gatherings, with over half of these in the South (including several in Franklin). So too, anniversaries, descendant groups, and monuments became common forms of communal memorialization, after decades of general desire to leave the war in the past.17

To be certain, the war was unkind to Williamson County, and the community’s erratic evolution into a modest memorial site was consistent with other regions that experienced heavy combat. Over half the county’s adult male population served in the war, and hundreds did not return. Between 1862 and 1865, Franklin itself changed hands at least eighteen times. The immediate area endured over 150 engagements large and small.18

Famously, Hattie McGavock witnessed the collateral damage firsthand, including the aftermath of the Battle of Franklin, where she tended to scores of wounded in her own home. At the time, she was just nine years old. Her future husband, eighteen at the start of the war, served as an officer in Nathan Bedford Forrest’s cavalry escort, involved and wounded at Fort Pillow, and a participant in John Bell Hood’s Nashville Campaign. As a result, the Cowans’s rise to commemorative leadership was not preordained, yet their respective experiences and connections provided considerable gravitas when their efforts began.19

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One of the first and largest southern reunions to transpire took place in the shadow of the Cowan’s new Franklin home. In September 1887, approximately one thousand people, former Confederate servicemen and civilians alike, collected at John McGavock’s Grove alongside the cemetery. Though the Cowans evidently did not play a major part in the event, they began to assume the vanguard in the ensuing years.20

In March 1890, the John McEwen Bivouac, local chapter of the United Confederate Veterans, established a task force to replace the aging cedar grave markers in the McGavock Confederate cemetery, where nearly 1,500 dead from the Battle of Franklin were interred. Heading the delegation was George Cowan. In the following years, they succeeded in collecting funds from state legislatures, veterans groups, and private donations to replace the weathered headboards with rows of stone. The granite cubes and tablets remain to the present day.21

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Both images are from Williamson County Heritage Foundation. The left is circa 1866 with cedar headboards in place. The right is circa 1890s, with new marble grave markers in place, funded largely by the efforts of George Cowan and the local UCV. Just beyond the trees stands Windermere.22

On September 17, 1891, Windermere became the site of a reunion between members of Nathan Bedford Forrest’s wartime escort. The following day, the Nashville Daily American recalled of the event:

…several hundred of the old soldiers of that and other commands attended. The place selected was the lovely grove near the residence of Capt. Geo. L. Cowan, the beloved commander of the old escort, and he and his charming wife did the honors of the day in unsurpassed style. Many of the members and their friends came on the evening trains yesterday and encamped in tents that had been provided for them on the grounds, and where roaring campfires had been built…Senator Bate came out this morning, and after the dinner was over entertained the large crowd present with an eloquent and patriotic address.

Williamson Count Heritage Foundation. Circa 1899 image of McGavock Cemetery taken from Windermere.23

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The Daily American also observed that the vast majority of the escort’s original members had passed away, including Forrest, but fifteen of the survivors were in attendance at Windermere.24

The following September, a much larger contingency arrived at McGavock’s Grove, in sight of Windermere, numbering some 10,000 veterans and civilians. Amid parades, bunting, speeches, picnics, dinners, and free board to former soldiers, the ambience began to adopt a much stronger “Lost Cause” tone than years previous. To what extent the Cowans held this view at the time is unknown, but by 1894, Nashville hosted the formation of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, and in one year’s time, Hattie was going door to door in Franklin recruiting women for a new chapter. Succeeding in gathering sixteen members, she became their first chapter president. In short order, they were working to raise funds for a Confederate Monument to be built in or near the town.25

For Windermere itself, it is not clear if the Cowans made any immediate improvements to the property. Tax records indicate spikes in personal property holdings ($1,460 in 1893 and $1,210 in 1894). However, this may be from and revenues attained from the executed will of Hattie’s father John McGavock, who died on June 7, 1893 (For John McGavock’s will and final deed, see Appendix C). Clearly however, the family came into land. The 1894 tax records show their holdings nearly doubling, from 125 to 247 acres.27 In 1896, the Tax Records show a difference between “Value of acres” and “Total Real Property” of $620. Tennessee tax law defined real property as all land, buildings, and improvements. Thus the Cowans may have made some substantive improvements in 1896 or the preceding year. Whether that involved a barn or an addition to the house is not known. The two oldest available photographs of Windermere, judging by the age of the children present in each image, suggests that the photos straddle 1896, yet there is no clear indication of major changes to the home (see below image).28

Williamson County Heritage Foundation. Franklin UDC Chapter. Hattie McGavock Cowan stands in the back row, second from the right.26

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In the summer of 1897, the Cowans hosted a smaller delegation of former Confederates and their families for a tour of the town’s increasingly iconic sites. On June 25th, George led a party of eighty or so to the Carter House grounds and cotton gin site, the Confederate Cemetery, and then to Carnton, where the gathering met the aging Carrie McGavock. The encounter was evidently moving enough for one Missouri woman to declare, “We will teach our daughters of the Confederacy in our distant State to weave your name in garlands of love and friendship…” Afterwards, the group traversed over to Windermere, as one of the part recalled:

In a short time all were invited under a grand oak, and served by fair hands with a sandwich and a glass of iced buttermilk…A few hours were most delightfully spent in reminiscence and topics of the day. Cream and cake was served on the rear gallery, in sight of those old fashioned followers, hollyhocks.30

By 1899, on the 35th anniversary of the Battle of Franklin, the Hattie Cowan-led local UDC reached its goal of funding and erecting a prominent Confederate monument. While previous commemorative events generally promoted themes of reconciliation, this possessed a different tone. Placed on the town square, the statue-topped pillar, its inscription, and the day’s festivities fully embraced a “Lost Cause/New South” ideal, depicting both the moment and an altered memory as victorious movements against accelerating modernity. Although the town itself contained Unionists, secessionists, and centrists during the war, a pro-Confederate narrative fully established itself by the eve of the new century. Indicative of Hattie’s prominent

Williamson County Heritage Foundation. Possibly all five Cowan children are present in this photo. The youngest of them was Winder McGavock Cowan, born August 18, 1892. He may be behind the railing or on the pony to the right. If so, the image is circa 1896-1897.29

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role in creating the shrine, one of the two young girls selected to unveil the monolith was her young daughter Leah.31

Williamson County Heritage Foundation. The Franklin UDC Chapter at the base of the Confederate Monument, the summer following its dedication. Circled are Hattie McGavock Cowan and her daughter Leah.32

Williamson County Heritage Foundation. See enlarged image below.

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By the start of the twentieth century, the Windermere-based Cowans had emerged as regional leaders in veterans and commemorative affairs. Hattie remained involved with the UDC (as well as the Daughters of the American Revolution). George continued his work with the UCV, his chairmanship of the McGavock Cemetery Company, and his position on the board of trustees for the Confederate Soldiers Home in Nashville (as well as becoming a prominent member of the Masons, and continuing to serve as an elder in the First Presbyterian Church in Franklin). Windermere may have grown at this time as well. Cowan’s taxes in 1903 show a spike of $1,130 in personal property, but it is unknown whether it involved improvements.33

What is certain is that two years later, Hattie became the matriarch of the McGavock name. On February 22, 1905, Carrie McGavock passed away at Windermere. It is not yet known when or if Carrie transferred to Windermere for any extended period of time before her passing. In the 1900 Census, she was still listed as residing at Carnton, with a white servant named Walter Miller (age 13), along with boarders Annie Allen (45) and Inez Allen (19). It is entirely possible that the elder McGavock simply moved into the Cowan home in her final weeks or days, as her health began to fail. In spite of their loss, the Cowans remained active in local and regional homage. Hattie’s UDC Chapter would grow to 82 members by the end of the decade, donating funds for the Jefferson Davis Monument in Richmond, Virginia, the Sam Davis monument in Nashville, Confederate monuments at Shiloh and Arlington, and providing support for the Confederate Soldier’s Home in Nashville as well as the Confederate Museum in Richmond. They also attempted to convince Congress to designate Franklin as a national battlefield park under the War Department, to no avail. In 1910, Franklin played host to a statewide gathering of Confederate veterans. George served as the chief marshal and Hattie headed the dinner committee. In spite of their energies, the Cowans may have started to view Windermere as something beyond their wants and needs.34

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The preceding year, George issued a rather frank notice in the Franklin Review Appeal, alerting that he had tired of farming life, and he was ready to rent out Windermere. His evident frustration is History’s gain, as his offer to sell off possessions provides us valuable insights to the livestock and implements he had on his land. In the notice he listed mares, colts, two yearlings, five mules, heifers, hogs, harnesses, wagons, buggies, and farm implements of several types. “The sale will be at Windermere, my farm one mile south of Franklin on the Lewisburg Pike,” he proclaimed. For large purchases, he was willing to take promissory notes due in a year’s time. The advertisement also provides us a clear reminder that the home and land we in the twenty-first century regard as a refined retreat was a large, rustic, working farm in the nineteenth and early twentieth. In 1910, he Cowans apparently did not yet own a phone, as Windermere and much of Williamson were decidedly rural, a region in which seven out of eight county residents lived outside of city boundaries. Today in 2012, the ratio is nearly reversed. Well into the 1950s, the Windermere property was listed as “Outside” Franklin in the Ninth District Tax Records. In 2010 it stood well within the city limits.35 Age may have been a factor in prompting the Cowans to move into Franklin proper. The 1910 U.S. Census shows George and Hattie at 67 and 54 years of age respectively. Their son John (23) was already out of the house. Eldest Carrie was 25, Leah had reached 21, and sons Samuel and Winder were 19 and 17. Despite his wishes, it still appears that George and his family were still residing at Windermere.36 In 1913, there may have been additional motivation to sell, and it appears that the Cowans had already moved to a home in Bridge Street. In the Circuit Civil Court of Williamson County, the family were subject to Middle Tennessee Traction Co. v George L. Cowan et ux. The company, seeking to build an inter-urban rail line from Franklin to Lewis-burg, successfully attained a right-of- way to build a line and depot along the northeast (Lewisburg Pike) portion of the Cowan property. Since Windermere was already bordered on the west by the Nashville and Decatur Rail Road, the threat of this envelopment might have pushed the Cowans to seek

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ownership of less problematic property in town (and yet, despite many ownership of less problematic property in town (and yet, despite many years of anticipated construction, the proposed rail line never came to be). 37

Regardless of the motive, the Cowan’s sold their home to real estate speculator Walter A. Roberts in September 1914. An active speculator, Roberts owned more than a dozen homes and lots in Franklin. He acquired Windermere in exchange for two homes and lots on Main Street, the assumption of a $2,000 mortgage to Prudential Insurance Company of Newark, New Jersey, plus a $4,000 loan payment and cash to the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. On or before that time, the Cowans moved to Bridge Street in Franklin (George would pass away five years later, and Hattie would die in 1932).38

1914-1915: Walter A. Roberts Changing Hands It does not initially appear that Roberts made any substantial improvements to the Windermere Property. The following year, he sold the property to Claiborne Kinnard, from the Kinnard family along Carter’s Creek Pike.39 1915-1948: Claiborne H. Kinnard III and Porter Kinnard Enterprise and Exclusion In 1915, C.H. Kinnard, with wife Porter and son Claiborne IV, took ownership of Windermere. The following year, their second and last child Amis was born. Even before his most recent acquisition, Kinnard evidently possessed a degree of personal wealth. Reportedly, he was one of the first Williamson County residents to own an automobile, a single-cylinder Cadillac he first sported around town in 1906. Ten years later, in addition to the 217 acres and home on Windermere, he was able to report relatively large amounts of total personal property in his ensuing tax records ($3,000 in 1916; $2,000 in 1917; $2,660 in 1918; and $5,000 in 1919).40

However, for reasons yet determined, Kinnard did not list his total acres, or their worth, in the 1920, 1921, and 1922 tax records, claiming instead the total value of the property altogether at $10,000. Remarkably, in 1923 Kinnard’s total for all personal and real property fell to $1,600, and yet the following year’s tally showed his total holdings had climbed to an unprecedented $31,000. By 1926, two years later, his total worth fell back to $10,000 and remained there for several more years (see Appendix B). These large fluctuations may have been the result of a major investment on the part of Kinnard, as 1924 was when he officially opened a massive municipal swimming pool on the property of Windermere. Paradoxically, their homestead would embody a move forward and a move backwards for civil justice. Just a few years before, Mrs. Porter Kinnard became fully eligible to vote for the first time, paying the state-required poll tax and gaining suffrage through the 19th Amendment. And yet, the vacation spot they created on their land soon after was fully segregated. They called it Willow Plunge.41

Filled by the natural springs near Lewisburg Pike on the eastern edge of Kinnard’s property, concrete-lined, seventy-five feet wide and twice as long, holding 750,000 gallons and serviced by more than 1,000 feet of pipe, it offered as a serene mecca for the region’s growing middle and lower-middle class. In a larger context, the timing was as natural as the fresh groundwater that fed it. 42

In 1912, there were fewer than 250 public and private outdoor swimming pools in the entire United States. By the end of the 1920s, there were thousands. Massive federal spending and job creation during the First World War fueled a postwar prosperity. A cultural shift towards

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youth, health, and recreation manifested itself in a national boom of parks, youth camps, automobile travel, sports and recreation facilities.43

The surge of public pools in the 1920s, notes historian Jeff Wiltse, started first in northern metropolises, especially Chicago and Philadelphia, and promulgated west and south. Hundreds of small towns followed suit, including otherwise quiet burgs such as: Sheldon, Iowa; Havre, Montana; Clairton, Pennsylvania; and in 1924, Franklin, Tennessee.44

Over the course of the decade, Wiltse observes, Atlanta, Dallas, New Orleans, and other southern cities constructed a multitude of swimming outlets. And with the setting of new concrete basins came the solidification of old public practices, primarily the act of segregation. For example, Fort Worth, Texas had no public pools in 1920, but by 1927 the city boasted four – three for whites and one for African Americans. In middle Tennessee, Nashville had but one indoor facility in 1925. By the end of the decade, it had built nine new outdoor complexes, all of which were mono-racial. Willow Plunge would be no different.45

The enterprise started slowly. Drought and problems with algae made the first years of

operation problematic. But by 1931, a chloride and ammonia purification system rectified the issue. To supplement his income, Kinnard also built a miniature golf course, a nine-hole full-size course, and a tennis court. In time, the complex sported a pavilion, bath houses, concession stand, and coffee shop. Despite the onset of the Great Depression, it was not uncommon for Kinnard to see 50,000 visitors each summer.47

It is probable that Kinnard’s development of this facility coincided with modernization of his own home in the 1920s or early 1930s (strengthening Jessica Lauren White’s hypothesis that rooms were added and the roof extended on Windermere during that decade). There may

Williamson County Heritage Foundation. Willow Plunge miniature golf course with the large pool in the background.46

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have been incentive to add rooms, as the 1930 U.S. Census showed a farm laborer, one George Kincaid, age 68, living with the family at the house. Though electricity was likely available to the recreational facility in its first years of operation, it was certainly attainable for Windermere soon after 1930. Ironically, the cause involved a court case against Kinnard. Bringing suit for a right of way, the Tennessee Electric Power Company settled with Kinnard out of court to install power lines and towers along the western edge of his property, parallel to the Nashville and Decatur Railroad line. However, despite the march of progress, Windermere might have been without phone service up to 1934 and beyond, as Kinnard was not listed in the Franklin City Directory that year (though his mother on Carter Creek Pike had service since 1910).48

With the outbreak of World War II, Willow Plunge continued operation. Jimmy Gentry, a Franklin resident and serviceman, recalled troops being bussed in to the facility from Fort Campbell and Fort Stewart Air Force Base for rest and recreation. Gentry also remembered airmen landing small planes on the golf course, including Claiborne Kinnard, Jr., who had been in the Army Air Force since 1938.50 A graduate of Battle Ground Academy and Vanderbilt, Claiborne, Jr. excelled in the steep learning curve of dog fighting in the skies over Europe. He would eventually rise to the rank of colonel, earn a Distinguished Service Cross, a Silver Star, and several Distinguished Flying Crosses, in service of the Eighth Air Force. A P-51 pilot, he was credited with downing eight aircraft during the course of the war.51 Upon returning stateside after the conflict, Junior’s time with his father would be short. In 1946, the elder Kinnard sold Windermere and its properties to his son for $1.00. Then on August 3, 1848, C.H. Kinnard, Sr. passed away at Windermere at the age of 63.52

Williamson County Heritage Foundation. A later image of Willow Plunge, a primary summer getaway for white youth and families of Williamson County from 1924 to 1966.49

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1948-1966: Claiborne H. Kinnard IV and Ruth McDowell Kinnard Modernization and the Brick Façade Arguably the most extensive alterations to the dwelling itself occurred with its third set of owners. During their tenure, Ruth and Claiborne IV had the guest cottage built, possibly from portions of the original home, naming the quaint outbuilding Steeple Morden. They also turned one of the bedrooms of the main house into a library, and added modern amenities throughout. Foremost, they bricked the entire exterior, covering the clapboard siding that had sheathed the home since its construction in 1887. Emblematic of their comprehensive remodeling, the Kinnards changed the name of the property to “Martlesham Heath,” after the British airbase where Claiborne IV served in World War II .53 There is still a question as to precisely when each of these changes occurred. In 1948, the Kinnards claimed an additional $4,100 in real property on their taxes, but that was the year in which Claiborne III had died. Such major construction may have been unlikely with an ailing father in residence. The next major leap in property values appeared in 1961, when the estate’s assessed worth soared to $40,000, up from $24,000 the previous year. Indeed, the home and land had been valued at $24,000 every year since the Great Depression. And yet, competing evidence suggests the brickwork and other alterations were done several years before 1961.54 Regardless, by the mid-1960s, Claiborne had become rather wealthy, primarily through his management and innovations in pre-stressed concrete manufactures, and part of his operation took place on a parcel of land adjacent to Windermere. His successes enabled him to join his business with a larger consortium in Nashville, where he became a company executive.55

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Source, Williamson County Heritage Foundation, image available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/4812806382/

Then Windermere experienced a watershed year. On September 18, 1966, Claiborne died at the home after a prolonged illness. He was only 53. That autumn would also be the last for Willow Plunge. The demise of its owner was a brain aneurism. The pool may have ceased because of antiquation, or the multiplication of private pools across the region, or the widow Ruth Kinnard deciding against keeping it in operation. An additional, societal struggle may have been the issue. It is possible that public support for Willow Plunge was at a crossroads, because the state was experiencing major shifts toward integration, and segments of the population were not yet open to the idea of a shared public pool.56 1966-1983: Ruth McDowell Kinnard Alternating Definitions of Progress As the structures of Willow Plunge were gradually dismantled, the widow Kinnard became emblematic of a movement long in construction. As one of millions of women rising into the professional ranks of a democratizing economy, Kinnard committed herself to the study of law, and by 1970, at the age of 51, she attained her doctorate in jurisprudence.

In 1972, Kinnard became one of the first women in Tennessee to be appointed a judgeship in a federal district court, and served as a Bankruptcy judge up to 1978. By 1981 she was in private practice, and became the state’s Director of the Lawyers Association of Women. She also served for a time as the president of the Williamson County Heritage Foundation.58

It was at this time that Kinnard evidently felt compelled to sell off portions of Windermere land for development. In 1977, the only road on the property was “Confederate Cemetery Drive, an out-and-back ribbon to the historical venues of Windermere, the McGavock Cemetery, and Carnton. With the assistant of family friend Davis Carr, Judge Kinnard began to shed scores of acres from her estate. By 1983, the immediate vicinity had sprouted new streets, including Kinnard Drive, a nod to the long lineage of ownership coming to an end. In addition, the politically-charged Confederate Cemetery Drive was rechristened a more nouveau “Carnton Lane,” and the southeast area of the property sported a new country club. Last but not least, the entire area, now a bone fide subdivision, became known on maps and roads signs as Heath Place.59

In 1983 Kinnard sold Windermere, and its forty remaining acres, to the Davis Carr family. A 1991 review of the home in Nashville Business and Lifestyle synopsized the new owners’ vision for the dwelling: “After acquiring the property, the Carrs began to redecorate. They decided not to restore the house to museum quality, but to embellish it with their own ideas and to update it wherever possible.”60

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After the death of husband Claiborne Kinnard IV in 1966, Ruth M. Kinnard became a transformative figure in her own right, rising through the ranks as a prominent lawyer, yet setting Windermere on the path to real estate development.57

Windermere to 2012: J. Roderick Heller III and Kay Culbreath Heller Historical Epilogue For a time, it appeared as if Windermere would suffer the same fate as many historic properties, disintegrating over time until restyled or removed altogether. Such a fate certainly seemed to be the case to its predecessor Carnton nearby, which had degraded almost irreparably by the 1970s. But as with both locations, key and critical stewards entered the fray, and saved the irreplaceable. In 1973, Carnton received a listing under the National Register of Historic Places. By the end of the decade, a newly founded Carnton Association acquired the home and ten acres, signaling a long and diligent crusade towards restoration, an endeavor that continues to this day.61 So too, Windermere and its hallowed ground received a lifeline in the form of two philanthropists, dedicated to the principle of responsible cultural stewardship. Echoing the history of the Battle of Franklin nearly 140 years previous, Hellers reached Windermere by way of a flanking operation. In 2005, the couple saved 112 acres of the Battle of Franklin’s eastern flank (located just east and south of the home) from impending condominium construction. With a considerable financial outlay, the Hellers funded the historic land’s protection until a newly-formed Civil War land preservation group called Franklin’s Charge, and the City of Franklin, could acquire the threatened site.62

Even more significant for this story, in 2007, Hellers purchased Windermere from the Carrs, and decided to protect the dwelling for its inherent historical significance. In December 2011, the Hellers placed a conservation easement upon the home and its forty remaining acres, permanently safeguarding the establishment from further development. In essence, their efforts were born not only from a sense of public altruism, but also from a strong personal connection – Mr. Heller is the great great grandson of Carrie McGavock.63

Ironically, the Old English names and colonial-style homes that appeared upon this landscape in the latter half of the twentieth century were similar to the actions in the late nineteenth. Although more benign than the Lost Cause rhetoric and monuments of the1890s, the façades affixed by the 1980s had the same basic objectives, to paint a dreamscape of moonlight, magnolias, and middle-gentry homes over a place that possessed an intensely complicated past. Yet, even the revisions of nomenclature were themselves much like the soil upon which Windermere was built, ground that thousands of young men marched across on November 30,1864, and into a battle that resulted in thousands of casualties. The new and seemingly more serene monikers of Heath Place, Martlesham Heath, and Steeple Morden, were in fact also rooted in suffering and loss - all three were the names of military bases during the largest and bloodiest war in human history.64 Thankfully, key local, state, and national organizations have stepped to the fore in the twenty-first century, and committed a great deal of time and effort to preserve this unique property, and to communicate its complex history objectively and professionally. In addition, enough cannot be said for the exceptional help and dedication of the Hellers. This very study, initiated at their request, is a reflection of that dedication. Symbolic of their desire to see the land and home represented accurately and protected permanently, they have restored its original name. Today the place is, once again, called Windermere.

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Existing Conditions Overview

House Exterior Description

Windermere, constructed c. 1887, is situated on a forty-acre plot within the city limits of Franklin, Williamson County, Tennessee. Built by George Limerick Cowan and Hattie Young McGavock, the main dwelling sits at the top of a slight rise overlooking Carnton Lane to the north. The property, which is covered with a grassy lawn, scrub brush and mature shade trees, it is bordered on the north by Carnton Lane, on the east by Carnton Plantation, and on the south and west by residential properties. The house is accessed from a drive on Carnton Lane (1344 Carnton Lane).

Windermere is a one story, center gable Eastlake cottage-style brick dwelling. The home features an asymmetrical six-bay façade (Figure 1). It is identifiable as a Victorian era home by the crenulated shingles found in the gables, the decorative wood porch with scrolling and intricate banister design, and the corbelled brick work on the chimneys (Figure 2).

Figure 1: Windermere exterior, north façade.

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Figure 2: Windermere Floor Plan, 2012. Not to scale.

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Development of the House: 1887-2012 Windermere has undergone several changes since it was first constructed. Originally the house was a gable front and wing plan, with five rooms and a hall (Figure 3). Sometime in the twentieth century, c. 1920, a bedroom wing was added to the northeast side of the house, replacing the side shed roof porch. This alteration to the house was made under the ownership of C.H. Kinnard III who bought Windermere in 1915. A kitchen, utility room, and hall bathroom additions were probably made to the house under the ownership of C.H. Kinnard IV, who owned the property from 1948 to 1966. Previous owner Davis Carr (1983-2007) added a large sunroom addition and a small den addition to the rear of the house. Finally a wrap-around porch with matching detailing to the porch in the c. 1894 photograph was added by the Hellers in 2007.

Figure 3. 1890s Floor Plan. Not to scale. Other rooms may have been located on the southwest corner of the house, but so far documentary evidence does not support this possibility.

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Siding Today, Windermere is covered in a white washed brick veneer (Figure 4). The brick veneer was added by C.H. Kinnard IV, c. 1950. Circa 1894 photographs reveal that the house was originally clad in weatherboard siding (Figure 45).

Figure 4: northeast corner of Windermere , c. 1894. Note the weatherboard siding and the scalloped shingles in the gable.

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Figure 5 : Close-up of brick veneer.

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Roof Windermere’s roof configuration has been altered many times since the house’s construction. Originally, in 1887, the house featured a gable front and wing layout with an intersecting side gable towards the rear of the east side of the house. Today the house’s central gable ridgeline has been extended to accommodate rear additions (Figure 5). An intersecting side gable addition was added to the north east side of the house in the1920s (Figures 6). A front gable kitchen with and intersecting double gable and shed roof utility room addition were added to the rear of the house in the early 20th century (Figure 7). A side gable sunroom addition and shed roof wrap around porch were added to the southeast corner of the house in the 1980s. Interior views of the roof line show the connection of intersecting roof lines.

Figure 5: Central front gable roof line. With intersecting side gable kitchen roof line.

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Figure 6: Remnants of shingles found along the central roof gable. View of roofing material from the northeast side gable addition.

Figure 7: Side gable roof line over the southwest kitchen addition.

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Chimneys Windermere has four interior chimneys and one exterior chimney. The interior chimneys are mainly visible from the east side of the house (Figures 8 and 9). The exterior chimney is centered on the western gable end of the formal parlor. Over the years these chimneys have been altered. A comparison of the c. 1896 with modern day photos shows that the brickwork on the interior chimneys has been reworked (Figures 10 and 11).

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Figure 8: Close-up of interior brick chimneys. East elevation.

Figure 9: Close-up of interior brick chimneys, c. 1896. Southeast elevation.

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Figure 10: Close-up of the exterior brick chimney. West side of the house.

Figure 11: Partial view of the exterior brick chimney, c. 1894. West side of the house.

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Doors and Windows Windermere has several exterior doors all of which have been altered or replaced in the mid-twentieth century. The home features sixteen-over-one double-hung windows. All of the windows are modern additions, but may have been modeled after the original 1880s sash. Several of the windows have also been moved from their original locations. This was probably done in the 1950s when the siding was changed by the Kinnard family (Figure 12).

Figure 12: Close-up modern day sixteen-over-one double-hung window sash.

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Exterior Elevation Descriptions North The north façade of Windermere features six bays with a double center gable and brick siding (Figure 13). Early photographs show that the house was originally a frame gable-front and wing dwelling. The west side-gable wing is composed of three symmetrically spaced sixteen-over-one double-hung sash, and a central exterior chimney located on the gable end. The three windows are recessed under a shed roof porch. The porch is supported by square wood posts with decorative arches at the top and an intricate wood design in the balustrade. The material used on the porch has been replaced, but the design has maintained most of its c. 1894 appearance. The central gable features a set of three one-over-one double-hung windows, and a decorative scalloped shingle design in the gable. According to early photographs the central gable section of the façade had a recessed porch entryway with a two light transom, and two symmetrically spaced double-hung windows. The gable had a crenulated shingle design with a picket border underneath, while the soffit featured scalloped trim. Some time in the twentieth century, probably around the same time that the siding was changed, the gable front was extended out making the wall flush, and the window configuration was altered. The entry door which was more then likely on the north façade under the porch was moved to the east side of the front gable. To the west side of the central gable is a two bay, side gable addition, c. 1920. The wing features two symmetrically spaced sixteen-over-one double-hung window. According to c. 1894 photographs, this was originally a side porch with similar decorative details to the front porch (Figure 14).

Figure 13: North façade.

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East The east elevation has four bays (Figure 15). The northern side of the east elevation features the gabled end of the 1950s bedroom and bathroom wing addition added by C.H. Kinnard III, c. 1920. Directly adjacent to the front gable wing is another front gable bedroom. This portion of the house has a set of twelve-over-one double-hung windows. The bedroom is part of the original 1887 structure and can be seen in the c. 1896 photograph. The front gable bedroom originally had a single double-hung window. A side gable bedroom wing is attached to the front gable bedroom, and is also part of the original 1887 structure. This bedroom wing has a set of three twelve-over-one double-hung windows, but the c. 1896 photograph shows the bedroom as having only two double-hung windows (Figure 16). This side gable section was extended out later on to include a bathroom and closet addition. A large front gable sunroom addition can be seen to the south side of the east elevation. This addition was added under the ownership of Davis Carr (1983-2007). A large wrap-around porch extends out off of the sunroom and rear of the house and was added by the Hellers in 2007. The detailing on the porch was made to mimic the detailing of the porches seen in the c. 1896 photograph.

Figure 15: East elevation

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Figure 16. c. 1896 photograph of the east façade of Windermere. The location of the bedroom wing is located where the shed roof side porch originally was. Note the number

and location of the windows in the bedrooms to the left of the porch.

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South The south elevation of the has been completely altered (Figure 17). A large side gable sunroom was added to the east side of the south elevation by previous owner Davis Carr (1983-2007). This addition features four large picture windows on its north wall, a set of French doors on the gable end of the east wall, and six large picture windows on the south wall. The extended front gable bathroom addition connects to west side of the sunroom. To the west of front gable addition is a small den addition with a set of three, twelve-over-one double-hung windows. The sunroom, bathroom extension, and den additions are all recessed under a shed roof, wrap around porch. This porch features the same decorative arches and balustrade features seen on the front porch of the house. Further west of the den addition is a small shed roof utility room addition. All of the additions to the rear of the house are modern attachments and were added under the ownership of both the Kinnard family and Carr family. The rear of the house is recessed under a wrap-around porch that was added by the Hellers in 2007.

Figure 17: Close-up modern day twelve-over-one double-hung window sash.

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West The view of the west façade of the house is obscured by thick foliage (Figure 18). This section of the house has had several alterations made to it. The north side of the west façade features the gable end of the formal parlor. This portion of the house has a central exterior chimney, and is part of the original 1887 structure. An adjacent side gable wing with a centered set of French doors holds the original 1887 dining room. A double front gable addition connecting to the dining room holds a small breakfast room and renovated kitchen. These two connecting gables have a set of twelve-over-one double-hung windows and a set of six-over-one double-hung windows. A small shed roof addition off of the kitchen contains a utility room. The utility addition has a entry door on its north side and a six-over-one double-hung window on the south side.

Figure 18: Partial view of the west side of the house. Note the double gable and shed roof utility room.

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House Interior Description Formal Parlor and Foyer The parlor, part of the original 1887 dwelling, measures 30’- 7” x 15’-2”. This room features wood parquet floors, lath and plaster walls, 6” baseboards, and 3” crown molding. The north wall has three symmetrically spaced sixteen-over-one double-hung windows (Figure 19). Decorative molding surrounds the windows and each corner is capped with corner medallions (Figure 20). The east wall features a set of pocket doors leading into the adjacent study (Figure 21-23). The south wall has a second set of pocket doors that lead into the dining room. A window in the southwest corner mirrors the style of the north wall windows (Figure 24). The focal point of the room is an ornate wood mantel with a marble mantel surround located on the west wall. The mantel features decorative cove molding as well as reeding (Figure 25 and 26). In c. 1950, a small foyer addition (6’-0” x 8’-8”) was added by C.H. Kinnard IV (Figure 27).

Figure 19: Three symmetrically spaced sixteen-over-one double-hung windows on the north wall.

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Figure 20: Decorative corner moldings found on all of the doors and windows in the parlor.

Figure 21: Pocket door leading into the dining room.

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Figure 22: Detailed view of the pocket door hardware. Note the Eastlake styling on the

hardware.

Figure 23: Detailed view of the pocket door hardware. Note the Eastlake

styling on the hardware.

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Figure 24: South wall of the parlor with a view of the sixteen-over-one double-hung window

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Figure 25: Foyer addition c. 1950

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Figure 26: West wall mantel. Note the intricate molding on the mantel including the reeding down the sides, and the marble mantel surround.

Figure 27: Detailed view of the mantel molding.

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Study The study, part of the original 1887 dwelling, measures 16’-0” x 16’-10” (Figure 28). This room features wood parquet floors, lath and plaster walls, 6” baseboards, and 3” crown molding. The north wall has a set of three one-over-one double-hung windows (Figure 29). Decorative molding surrounds the windows and each corner is capped with corner medallions. The south wall has a small fireplace and mantel (Figure 30 and 31). To the right of the mantel there is a wood panel door way with a single light transom over top . This door leads into the adjacent hallway. The west wall features a set of pocket doors leading into the adjacent parlor (Figure 32).

Figure 28: View of the northeast corner of the study.

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Figure 29: Set of one-over-one double-hung windows located on the north wall of the study.

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Figure 31: Detailed view the molding on the study mantel.

Figure 30: Small fireplace and mantel on the south wall of the study.

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Figure 32: View of the south wall pocket door and transom, and the adjacent west wall pocket door entryway.

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Dining Room The dining room, part of the original 1887 dwelling, measures 16’- 3” x 18’-0”. This room features wood parquet floors, lath and plaster walls, 6” baseboards, 3” chair rail, and 3” crown molding (Figure 33). The north wall has a set of pocket doors leading into the adjacent parlor.(Figure 34). The east wall features a small fireplace and mantel (Figure 35). The south wall has an entryway that leads into the adjacent kitchen and breakfast nook. The west wall has a set of French doors with seven light side lights (Figure 36).

Figure 33: View of the north wall pocket door entry.

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Figure 34: View of the east wall fireplace and mantel.

Figure 35: Detailed view of the chair rail molding.

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Figure 36: View of the west wall French doors.

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Northeast Bedroom The northeast bedroom, part of the original 1887 dwelling, measures 18’- 3” x 15’-5”. This room features wood 2” plank wood floors, lath and plaster walls, 6” baseboards, and 3” crown molding. The east wall features a set of twelve-over-one double-hung windows (Figure 37). Decorative molding surrounds the windows. The south wall has a small fireplace and mantel situated diagonally in the southeast corner of the room (Figure 38). The west wall has a wood panel door with a one light transom over top (Figure 39). This doorway is located on the south side of the west wall and leads into the adjacent hallway. Custom built-ins can also be seen on this wall and were built possibly by Davis and Martha Carr at a later (1983-2007).

Figure 37: Set of twelve-over-one double-hung windows located on the east wall.

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Figure 38: Close-up view of small fireplace and mantel located diagonally in the southeast corner of the room.

Figure 39: Wood panel entry door with one light transom over top.

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Master Bedroom The master bedroom, part of the original 1887 dwelling, measures 18’- 3” x 19’-0”. This room features wood 2” plank wood floors, lath and plaster walls, 6” baseboards, and 3” crown molding. The east wall features a set of three, twelve-over-one double-hung windows (Figure 40). Decorative molding surrounds the windows. The south wall has a small fireplace and mantel centered along the wall (Figure 41). The fireplace extends into the room creating coves on either side of the wall. On the west side of the south wall a has a wood paneled entry door that leads into the adjacent bathroom addition, c. 1930s (Figure 42). The west wall has a wood panel door with a one light transom over top (Figure 43). This doorway is located on the north side of the west wall and leads into the adjacent hallway.

Figure 40: Set of three, twelve-over-one double-hung windows located on the east wall.

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Figure 41: Small fireplace and mantel centered along the south wall.

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Figure 42: View into the bathroom addition, c. 1930s.

Figure 43: West wall wood paneled door with one light transom over tip.

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Hall The hall, part of the original 1887 dwelling, measures 32’-0” long with a 16’-0” x 7’-6” extension on the north end leading to the north study and a northeast bedroom addition (c. 1920s), and a 12’-0” x 7’-6” extension on the south end leading to the southwest kitchen addition (c. 1930s), south bathroom addition (c. 1930s), and south den addition (c. 1950s) (Figures 44 and 45) . The hall features wood 2” plank wood floors, lath and plaster walls, 6” baseboards, 3” chair rail, and 3” crown molding. A cellar door located in the floor of the hallway on the northwest side of the hall leads to the home’s basement.

Figure 44: View of the hallway from the south east corner. Note the baseboards, chair rail, and crown molding

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Figure 45: View of the hall bathroom entryway and partial view into the kitchen,

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Northeast Bedroom Addition The bedroom wing (c. 1920), located on the east side of the house off the hall, was added by C.H. Kinnard III after he bought the property in 1915 (Figure 46). It replaced an early shed roof porch. The wing includes a bedroom (18’-6” x 15’-8”), dressing room with a closet (13’-0” x 9’-0”), and toilet room (9’-0” x 4’-10”). The bathroom addition was added to the east side of the bathroom c. 1930. There are two doors in the bedroom; one, located on the west wall, leads to the hall and the other, located on the east wall, to the dressing room and toilet room. A sixteen-over-one double-hung window is located on the north wall of the bedroom (Figure 47). Another sixteen-over-on double-hung window is located on the south wall (Figure 48). Architectural elements such as the transom over the door to the hall , the window and door molding capped with corner medallions, and the 10” baseboards echo those used in the 1880s portion of the house. The heat grate on the wall helps to date the addition to the 1920s (Figure 49).

Figure 46: View of the southwest corner of the east wing bedroom addition. Note the wood panel hall entry door with the

one light transom.

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Figure 47: View of the north wall window on the northeast wing bedroom.

Figure 48: View of the southeast corner of the east wing bedroom.

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Figure 49: Detailed view of the grate and baseboard.

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Kitchen The kitchen addition was most likely made by C.H. Kinnard IV (Figure 50). It is a rectangular room with dimensions of 22’-1” x 11’-10”. A beam on the ceiling and modern cabinetry provides delineation between the kitchen and the breakfast room. Twelve inch square ceramic tile, added by the Carr family, is continued into the utility room and sunroom on the south side of the house. The north wall of the kitchen features a cased opening leading into the adjacent dining room. The east wall of the kitchen has two entryways. A wood paneled door with one light transom is located on the north side of the east wall and leads into the hallway. The south side of the east wall has a cased opening that leads into the adjacent den. A wood paneled door located on the east corner of the south wall of the kitchen leads into a small mudroom. The west wall features a set of six-over-one double-hung windows to the left over the sink and a set of twelve-over-one double-hung windows to the right in the breakfast nook.

Figure 50: View of the south side of the kitchen addition.

Utility Room The utility room addition located to the south of the kitchen is 9’-4” x 11’-10”. The room features one exterior door and a six-over-one double-hung window on the west wall of the addition.

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Den The south den addition was probably added by C.H. Kinnard IV. The main body of the den measures 13’-0” x 18’-2”, while a small ell to the north measures 5’-0” x7’-0”. The north wall of the den features a wood paneled door that leads into the adjacent hallway. The east wall has an exterior glass paneled door located in the southeast corner of the elevation. The south wall features a set of three, twelve-over-one double-hung windows. The west wall of the den has a cased opening that leads into the adjacent kitchen (Figures 51 and 52). The den features a small attic entry door located on the ceiling in the northwest corner of the room.

Figure 51: View of the northwest corner of the den. Note the cased opening leading into the kitchen. Note the attic access door located in the northwest corner of the room.

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Figure 52: View of the ell portion of the den , looking northward down the hall entryway.

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Hall Bathroom A small hall bathroom, located on the southwest end of the hall, was added under the ownership of C.H. Kinnard IV. The space measures 7’-8” x 6’-8” (Figure 53).

Figure 53: View of the hall bathroom.

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Basement A basement can be found beneath the kitchen addition, with an access point located in the northwest corner of the hall floor. The walls of the basement are composed of rough cut limestone blocks. A set of limestone stairs located in the southwest corner of the basement at one point provided exterior access to the basement level of the house. The entryway has since been filled in as new additions were added to the rear of the house. A coal shoot can still be seen on the exterior west wall, suggesting that the basements was used primarily for coal storage, although the interior stone steps suggest that the basement could have also been used for food storage. The material used in the construction of the basement coupled with the location of the basement beneath the kitchen addition points to a circa date of 1900-1920.

Sunroom The sunroom, located on the southeast corner, was added by Davis Carr (Figure 54). The main body of the room measures 19’-0” x 16’-4”. An ell extension to the west side of the room measures 10’-4” x 9’-7”. The north wall of the sunroom features four picture windows. The east wall features two sets of French doors that lead to the wrap-around porch (Figure 55). The south wall has six picture windows. The west wall has two doors; to the left an exterior glass paneled door leads to the porch; to the right a wood paneled entry door leads into the adjacent master bathroom (Figures 56).

Figure 54: View of the east façade of the sunroom. Note the set of French doors.

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Figure 55: View of the northeast corner of the sunroom.

Figure 56: View of the west wall exterior entryway.

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APPENDIX A: DEEDS

Grantor John McGavock Grantee Winder McGavock October 17, 1885 Mf. Roll No. 153. Williamson County Deed Books, Mf Roll No. 153, Vol. 11, p. 166, WCA. “I John McGavock in consideration of love and affection by the presents sell and convey to my son Winder McGavock, a parcel of realty situated in Williamson County, Tennessee, a part of my home place, beginning at a stone in the East boundary line of the hundred acre tract conveyed by me to my daughter Hattie McGavock Cowan 41 ¾ poles from her SE corner, thence East 170 poles to a stone, thence north 60 poles to a Stone in the South margin of the Franklin and Lewisburg Pike, thence with the south margin of said Pike 188 poles to a stone. Mrs. Hattie McGavock Cowan’s NE Corner, thence S 32 E 5 ¾ E with her line 148 ¼ poles to the beginning, containing one hundred acres, To have and to hold the said realty to the said Winder McGavock and his heirs forever. Witness my hand at Franklin, Tennessee, this 17 day of Oct. 1885. Grantor John McGavock Grantee Hattie M. Cowan October 17, 1885 Mf. Roll No. 153. Williamson County Deed Books, Mf Roll No. 153, Vol. 11, p. 166, WCA. “I John McGavock in consideration of love and affection, by these presents, sell and convey to my daughter Hattie McGavock Cowan, a parcel of realty, situated in Williamson County, Tennessee, a part of my home, beginning on McCormack’s SE corner, there N 1 ½ W, with his lines 27 ½ poles to the south margin of the Franklin and Lewisburg Pike, thence with the south and west margin of the same 53 ½ poles to a stone, thence S 32 W 5 ¾ poles to a stone, thence S 1/2 E 130 poles to a stone, thence N 84 ½ W 80 poles to the center of the Rail Road, then with the center of the same, 150 poles to a point in the center of said road, McCormack’s SW corner, thence S 84 ½ E 33 ½ poles to the beginning, containing one hundred acres, to have and to hold said Realty to the said Hattie McGavock Cowan and her heirs forever, witness my hand at Franklin Tennessee, this 17 day of Oct. 1885. Jno. McGavock. Grantor John McGavock Grantee George L. Cowan July 6, 1887 Williamson County Deed Books, Mf Roll No. 154, Vol. 12, p. 318, WCA. “This Indenture and deed made and entered into on this the 6th day of July 1887, by and between Jno. McGavock and Geo. L. Cowan, citizens of the County of Williamson, State of Tennessee, Witnesseth, that for and in consideration of the sum of Three thousand dollars ($3000) dollars [sic] cash in hand paid, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged to the said Jno. McGavock, hereby bargains + sells + doth by these presents transfers and convey with said Geo. L. Cowan, his heirs and assigns forever, the following described track or parcel of land, located, lying and being in the 9th Civil district of said County + being a part of said McGavock farm on which he now resides beginning on a stone, the SE corner of the one hundred acres heretofore set apart and conveyed by said McGavock to Mrs. Hattie Cowan,

65

wife of said Cowan, + running? There 41 ½ ˚? W 11 ¼ poles to a plank fence, there with the S 80˚E 22.90? poles to another plank fence, there with the same S 8˚? E 84 ¼ poles to a stake, there N 83˚ W 112 ¾ poles to the center of the L + N RR [Louisville and Nashville Railroad, there with the same 68 poles to the SW corner of the Mrs. Cowan land, there S 84 ½ E 80 poles to the beginning, containing forty seven acres and one hundred and thirty four square poles by actual survey, to have and to hold the same unto said Geo. L. Cowan and his heirs and assigns forever, together with all the rights, easements, and privileges, there unto belonging or in (aquires?) appertaining, and the said McGavock covenants with said Cowan that he is lawfully seized and possessed of said land that the same is not encumbered, that he has a forfeit right to convey the same and will forever warrant and defer this title thereof to said Cowan, his heirs and assigns forever, against the lawful claims of all persons whom to ever in testimony whereof said McGavock has his afore written. Jno. McGavock Carrie W. McGavock Grantor C.H. Kinnard et ux Grantee Claiborne H. Kinnard, Jr. et ux October 11, 1946 Williamson County Deeds Mf. Roll 191, Vol. 87, p. 313, WCA. “…It is further agreed and understood between the parties that said Claiborne H. Kinnard and wife, Ruth McDowell Kinnard, shall have permanent use of water rights, either from the spring known as Winder Spring, the 4 inch water main running from this spring to the pool, Willow Plundge (sic), or from the reservoir at Willow Plunge- or from any other source of supply available, and they shall have the right to lay and maintain a pipe line and install and maintain pumps and equipment on and over the lands of said C.H. Kinnard, and that any disposition of property belonging to said C.H. Kinnard will be made subject to these rights.”

66

APPENDIX B: WILLIAMSON COUNTY TAX RECORDS

DISTRICT 9

1881 1882 1883

Owner John

McGavock John

McGavock John

McGavock Winder

McGavock

North Land on

Lewisburg Pike

Harpeth River

Home Place Home Place South Lewisburg Pike

East Lewisburg Pike

West Rail Road

Acres 1,000 800 800 200

Value of Acres

$40,000 $40,000 $32,000 $8,000

Personal Prop. mi-nus $1,000

$2,610 $1,200 $2,390 -

Total Real Property

$42,610 $41,200 $34,390 $8,000

Poll Tax - - $2.00

State Tax $127.83 $82.40 $103.17 $24.00

County Tax $127.83 $82.40 $103.17 $24.00

School Tax $85.22 $82.40 $68.78 $18.00

Total Taxes $340.88 $247.20 $275.12 $66.00

1884

Owner John McGavock Winder McGavock

North Harpeth River Harpeth River

South Bond Bond

East Lewisburg Pike Lewisburg Pike

West Rail Road Buchanan

Acres 800 200

Value of Acres $40,000 $8,000

Personal Prop. minus $1,000

$1,000 $300

Total Real Property

$41,000 $8,300

Poll Tax - $2.00

State Tax $123.00 $24.90

County Tax $102.50 $20.75

School Tax $102.50 $22.75

Total Taxes $328.00 $68.40

67

1885

Owner John McGavock

Winder McGavock

North Lewisburg Pike McGavock Matthews McLemore

South Bond Harpeth River McGavock Wall St. East Lewisburg Pike Harpeth River Douglas Harrison

West

Rail Road W.C. McG place Ewing (Past

Van McG place)

Ewing

Acres 1,000 249 100 2

Value of Acres $45,000 $9,000 $3,000 $250

Personal Property minus $1,000

- $2,675

Total Real Property

$57,000 $2,925.20

Poll Tax - $2.00

State Tax $171.00 $8.77.5

County Tax $142.50 $7.31.25

School Tax $171.00 $10.77.5

Tax $484.50 $26.86.25

Highway Taxes

$28.50 $1.46.25

Total Taxes $513.00 $28.32.5

1886

Property John McGavock Winder

McGavock George Cowan

North Lewisburg Pike

(Residence)

?. C. McGavock

place

Part of Van McGavock

Place

[blank]

Lewsiburg Pike and Rail Road

South East West Acres 600 249 100 300 100

Value of Acres $27,000 $9,000 $3,000 $12,000 $5,000 Personal Property minus $1,000

- -

-

-

Total Real Property

$36,000.00 $3,000.00

$12,000

$5,000

Poll Tax - - - - State Tax $108.00 $9.00 $36.00 $15.00

County Tax $72.00 $6.00 $24.00 $10.00

School Tax $108.00 $9.00 $38.00 $15.00

Total Taxes $288.00 $24.00 $98.00 $40.00

68

1887 1888 1889

Property George Cowan George Cowan George Cowan

North

Lewisburg Pike Rail Road

Lewisburg Pike Lewisburg Pike

South McGavock McGavock

East theo? McGavock

West Rail Road Rail Road

Acres 100 125 125

Value of Acres $5,000 $6,250 $6,250

Personal Property minus $1,000

-

$200

-

Total Real Property $5,000 $6,450 $6,250

Poll Tax $2.00 $2.00 $2.00

State Tax $15.00 $19.35 $18.75

County Tax $12.50 $12.90 $12.50

School Tax $19.50 $21.35 $20.75

Total Taxes $47.00 $53.60 $6.25

1890 1891 1892

Property George Cowan George Cowan George Cowan

North Lewisburg Pike Lewisburg Pike Lewisburg Pike

South McGavock McGavock McGavock

East McGavock McGavock McGavock

West Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road

Acres 125 125 125

Value of Acres $6,250 $6,250 $6,250

Personal Property minus $1,000

-

-

-

Total Real Property

$6,250

$6,250

$6,250

Poll Tax - $2.00 -

State Tax $18.75 $18.75 $18.75

County Tax $11.25 $12.50 $15.62.5

School Tax $18.75 $20.75 $18.75

Highway Tax $3.12.5 $5.00 $6.25

Total Taxes $51.87.5 $57.00 $59.37.5

69

1893 1894 1895

Property George Cowan

George Cowan

McGavock and Cowan

George Cowan

North

Lewisburg Pike

Lewisburg Pike

Executors McGavock

Lewisburg Pike

South McGavock Carothers Billington Carothers

East McGavock McGavock Pike McGavock

West Rail Road Rail Road Green Rail Road

Acres 125 247 195 247

Value of Acres $6,250 $12,350 $9,750 $12,350

Personal Property minus $1,000

$460

$210 -

-

Total Real Property

$6,710

$12,560 $9,750

$13,590

Poll Tax - - - - State Tax $20.13 $37.68 $29.25 $29.18

County Tax $16.77.5 $25.12 $19.50 $40.77

School Tax $20.13 $33.91.2 $26.32.50 $36.69.3

Highway Tax $10.06.5 $18.84 $14.62.5 $13.59

Total Taxes $67.10 $115.55.2 $89.70 $118.22.3

70

1896 1897 1898

Property George Cowan Property

George Cowan

George Cowan

North

Lewisburg Pike

North

Lewisburg Pike

Lewisburg Pike

South Carothers South Carothers Carothers

East Glass East Glass Glass

West Rail Road West Rail Road Rail Road

Acres 247 Acres 247 207

Value of Acres

$12,350 Value of Acres

$12,350

Personal Property

minus $1,000

Personal

Property minus $1,000

Total Real Property

$12,970 Total Real

Property $12,350

$10,350

Poll Tax - Poll Tax

State Tax $25.90 State Tax $37.05 $31.05

County Tax $38.91 County Tax $37.05 $31.05

School Tax $35.01 School Tax $33.34 $27.94

Bridge Tax $15.56 Special Tax $18.52 $10.35

Highway Tax/Cash

$4.31 Road Tax

$12.35

$10.35

Highway Tax/Work

$8.66 Total

$138.32

$110.74

Tax $12.97

Total Taxes $128.40

71

1899 1900

Property George Cowan

George Cowan

North

Lewisburg Pike

Lewisburg Pike

South Carothers Carothers

East Glass Glass

West Rail Road Rail Road

Acres 207

Value of Acres $10,350

Personal Property minus

$1,000

Total Real Property

$10,350

$10,350

Poll Tax State Tax $36.22

County Tax $31.05 $36.20

School Tax $22.95 $31.05

Special Tax $2.07 $31.05

Road Tax $10.35 $13.40

Total $107.64 $111.78

1901 1902 1903

Property George Cowan

George Cowan

George Cowan

North Lewisburg Pike

Lewisburg Pike

Lewisburg Pike

South Woods Hodge Hodge

East Glass Glass Glass

West Rail Road Billington Billington

Acres 207 207 207

Value of Acres $10,350

Personal Property minus $1,000

$130

Total Real Property

$10,350

$10,350

$10,480

Poll Tax State Tax $36.22 $36.22 $36.68

County Tax $31.05 $25,87 $31.44

School Tax $31.05 $31.05 $31.44

Special Tax Road Tax $10.35 $10.35 $12.58

Total $108.67 $103.50 $112.14

72

1904 1905 1906

Property George Cowan Property

George Cowan

George Cowan

North

Lewisburg Pike

North

Lewisburg Pike

Lewisburg Pike

South Hodge South Hodge Glass

East Billington East Billington McGavock

West Glass West Glass Rail Road

Acres 209 Acres 209 215

Value of Acres $10,350 Value of Acres $10,350 $11,830

Personal Property minus $1,000

Personal Property mi-nus $1,000

$130

Total Real Property

$10,350 Total Real Property

$10,350

$11,830

Poll Tax Poll Tax State Tax $36.22 State Tax $36.22 $41.40

County Tax $31.05 County Tax $31.05 $35.49

School Tax $31.05 School Tax $31.05 $35.49

Bridge Tax $4.14 Jail Tax $10.35 $11.83

Road Tax $12.42 Road Tax $12.42 $114.20

Total $114.88 Total $121.09 $138.41

1907 1908 1909

Property George Cowan Property

George Cowan

North Pike Pike

South Records Billington Billington

East not Glass Glass

West available Rail Road Rail Road

Acres 215 215

Value of Acres $11,820 $11,820

Personal Property minus $1,000

Total Real Property $11,820 $11,820

State Tax $41.37 $41.37

County Tax $35.46 $35.46

School Tax $35.46 $35.46

Road Tax $14.18 $11.82

Total $126.47 $135.93

73

1910 1911 1912

Property George Cowan George Cowan George Cowan

North Pike Pike Pike

South Billington Billington Billington

East Glass Glass Glass

West Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road

Acres 215 215 215

Value of Acres $11,820 $11,820 $11,820

Personal Property minus $1,000

Total Real Property

$11,820 $11,820

$11,820

State Tax $41.37 $41.37 $41.37

County Tax $29.55 $35.46 $35.46

School Tax $35.46 $35.46 $35.46

High School Tax $11.82 $11.82 $11.82

Road Tax $11.82 $11.82 $11.82

Total $141.84 $147.75 $147.75

1913 1914

Property George Cowan

George Cowan

North Pike Pike

South Billington Billington

East Glass Glass

West Rail Road Rail Road

Acres 215 215

Value of Acres $11,820 $11,820

Personal Property minus $1,000

Total Real Property

$11,820 $11,820

State Tax $41.37 $41.37

County Tax $35.46 $35.40

School Tax $35.46 $35.40

High School Tax $11.82 $11.80

Road Tax $11.82 $11.80

Bridge and P.B. Tax

$11.82 $11.80

Special Road Tax $11.82 $11.80

Total $159.57 $159.30

74

1915 1915

Property Walter A. Roberts George Cowan

North Pike Moves

South Billington to

East Glass Bridge Street West Rail Road in Franklin

Acres 215 Value of Acres $11,800

In Franklin 3 houses and lots on Maple Ave In Franklin 1 house and lot on Cameron St In Franklin 9 houses and lot on East Margin In Franklin 1 vacant lot on Columbia Pike

Personal Property minus $1,000

$1,000

Total Real Property

$22,800

State Tax $79.80 County Tax $68.40 School Tax $68.40

High School Tax $22.80 Road Tax $11.80

Bridge and P.B. Tax

$22.80

Special Road Tax $11.80 Total $159.57

75

1916 1917 1918

Property Claiborne H.

Kinnard Claiborne H.

Kinnard Claiborne H.

Kinnard

North Pike Pike Pike

South Glass Glass Glass

East Shelton Shelton Shelton

West Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road

Acres 217 217 217

Value of Acres $10,000 $10,000 $10,000

Personal Property minus $1,000

$2,000 $1,000

$2,660

Total Real Property

$12,000 $11,000

$12,660

Poll Tax $2.00 $2.00 $2.00

State Tax $42.00 $55.00 $63.30

County Tax $36.00 $33.00 $37.98

School Tax $36.00 $33.00 $44.31

High School Tax $12.00 $11.00 $12.66

Bridge and P.B. Tax

$12.00 $11.00

$12.66

Road Tax $12.00 $11.00 $12.66

Special Road Tax

$12.00 $11.00

$12.66

County Highway Tax

$12.00 $11.00

$12.66

Total $176.00 $178.00 $210.99

76

1919 1920 1921 1922

Property C.H. Kinnard C.H.

Kinnard C.H.

Kinnard C.H.

Kinnard

North Pike South Glass East Shelton West Rail Road Acres 217 Value of Acres $10,000 Personal Property minus $1,000

$4,000 $10,500

$10,000

$10,000

Total Real Property

$14,000 $10,500

$10,000

$10,000

Poll Tax $2.00 $2.00 $2.00 $2.00

State Tax $77.00 $22.84 $30.00 $31.00

State Highay Tax $4.30 $4.46 $5.00 $5.00

County Tax $42.00 $13.65 $20.00 $15.00

School Tax $49.00 $25.20 $18.00 $22.50

High School Tax $14.00 $7.35 $5.00 $7.50

Bridge and P.B. Tax

$14.00 $3.15

$3.00

$3.00

Road Tax $16.80 $6.30 $6.00 $6.00

Special Road Tax $14.00 $3.15 $3.00 $3.00

County Highway Tax

$21.00 $5.25

$10.00

$10.00

Total $249.80 $93.35 $100.00 $105.00

1923 1924 1925 1926

Property C.H. Kinnard C.H.

Kinnard C.H. Kinnard C.H.

Kinnard

North Pike Pike South Glass Glass

East Shelton Rail Road West Rail Road Shelton

Acres 217 217 Value of Acres $30,000 $28,000

Personal Property minus $1,000

$1,600 $1,000

$700

$10,000

Total Real Property $1,600 $31,000 $28,700 $10,000

Poll Tax $2.00 $2.00 $2.00 $2.00

Total $18.48 $364.70 $100.00 $105.00

77

1927 1928 1929 1930

Property C.H. Kinnard C.H. Kinnard C.H.

Kinnard C.H.

Kinnard

North Pike Pike Pike Pike

South Glass Glass Glass Polk

East Rail Road Shelton Elliotte Partlow

West Shelton Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road

Acres 217 217 220 227

Value of Acres $28,000 $28,000 $27,000 $27,000

Personal Property minus $1,000

$700 $280

$280

$2,540

Total Real Property

$28,700 $28,280

$27,280

$29,540

Poll Tax $2.00 $2.00 $2.00 $2.00

State, St Univ., and Elementary School

$71.75 $70.70

$54.56

$59.08

County Tax $315.70 $339.36 $346.46 $369.25

Total $373.07 $412.06 $403.02 $430.33

1931 1932 1933 1934

Property C.H. Kinnard C.H. Kinnard C.H.

Kinnard C.H.

Kinnard

North Pike Pike Pike Pike

South Polk Polk Glass Polk

East Parlylow (sic) Partlow Partlow Crockett West Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road

Acres 220 220 220 220

Value of Acres $27,000 $27,000 $24,000 $24,000

Personal Property minus $1,000

$1,240

$1,280

$1,100

Total Real Property

$27,000 $28,240

$25,280

$25,100

Poll Tax $2.00 $2.00 $2.00 $2.00

State School Taxes

$22.59

$20.22

$20.08

County Tax $364.50 $276.75 $303.36 $306.22

Total $366.50 $301.34 $325.58 $328.30

78

1935 1936 1937 1938

Property C.H. Kinnard C.H.

Kinnard C.H. Kinnard C.H.

Kinnard

North Pike Pike Pike Pike

South Polk Polk Polk Polk

East Crockett Crockett Crockett Crockett West Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road

Acres 220 220 220 220

Value of Acres $24,000 $24,000 $24,000 $24,000

Personal Property minus $1,000

$900 $3,900

$2,300

$2,800

Total Real Property $24,900 $27,900 $26,300 $26,800

Poll Tax $2.00 $2.00 CHK Over 50 State School Taxes $19.92 $22.32 $21.04 $21.44

County Tax $323.70 $371.07 $391.87 $402.00

Total $345.62 $393.39 $412.91 $423.44

1939 1940 1941 1942

Property C.H.

Kinnard C.H. Kinnard C.H. Kinnard C.H.

Kinnard

North Pike Pike Pike Pike

South Polk Polk Polk Polk

East Crockett Crockett Crockett Crockett West Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road

Acres 220 220 220 220

Value of Acres $24,000 $24,000 $24,000 $24,000

Personal Property minus $1,000

$2,800 $3,900

$2,300

$3,780

Total Real Property

$26,800 $27,900

$26,300

$27,780

Poll Tax State School Taxes

$21.44 $22.32

$21.04

$22.22

County Tax $402.00 $371.07 $391.87 $413.92

Total $423.44 $393.39 $412.91 $436.14

79

1943 1944 1945 1946

Property C.H. Kinnard

(III) C.H. Kin-nard III

C.H. Kinnard III

C.H. Kin-nard III

North Pike Pike Pike Pike

South Polk Polk Polk Polk

East Crockett Crockett Crockett Crockett West Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road

Acres 220 220 220 220

Value of Acres $24,000 $24,000 $24,000 $24,000

Personal Prop-erty minus $1,000

$5,500 $4,100

$29,500 (sic)

Total Real Prop-erty

$29,500 $28,100

$29,500

$24,000

Poll Tax State School Taxes

$23.60 $22.48

$23.60

$1,920.00

County Tax $402.00 $432.74 $483.80 $436.80

Total Tax $477.90 $455.22 $507.40 $456.00

1947 1948 1949

Property C.H. Kinnard III C.H.

Kinnard IV C.H. Kinnard IV

North Pike Pike Pike

South Polk Polk Polk

East Crockett Crockett Crockett

West Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road

Acres

220

220 220

Value of Acres $24,000 $24,000 $24,000

Value of Acres (2nd row)

Personal Property minus $1,000

$24,000

Personal Property minus $1,000 (2nd row)

$4,100

Total Real Property $24,000 $24,000 $24,000

Total Real Property $4,100

Poll Tax

Total County Tax $576.00 $576.00 $816.00

Total County Tax $98.40

80

1950 1951 1952 1953

Property C.H.

Kinnard IV C.H. Kinnard

IV C.H.

Kinnard IV C.H.

Kinnard IV

North Pike Pike Pike Pike

South Polk Polk Polk Polk

East Crockett Crockett Crockett Crockett

West Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road

Acres 220 220 220 220

Value of Acres $24,000 $24,000 $24,000 $24,000

Personal Property minus $1,000

Total Real Property

$24,000 $28,280

$28,280

$28,280

Poll Tax

County Tax

Total County Tax

$816.00 $1,068.00

$1,068.00

$1,068.00

1954 1955 1956 1957

Property C.H. Kinnard

IV C.H. Kinnard

IV C.H.

Kinnard IV C.H.

Kinnard IV

North Pike Pike Pike Pike

South Polk Polk Polk Polk

East Crockett Crockett Crockett Crockett

West Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road

Acres 220 220 220 220

Value of Acres $24,000 $24,000 $24,000 $24,000

Personal Property minus $1,000

Total Real Property

$24,000 $24,000

$24,000

$24,000

Poll Tax

County Tax

Total County Tax

$1,072.45 $1,072.45

$1,072.45

$1,072.45

81

1958 1959 1960 1961

Property C.H. Kinnard

IV C.H. Kinnard

IV C.H. Kinnard

IV C.H.

Kinnard IV

North Pike Pike Pike Pike

South Polk Polk Polk Polk

East Crockett Crockett Crockett Crockett

West Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road Rail Road

Acres 220 220 220 220

Value of Acres

$24,000 $24,000

$24,000

$40,000

Personal Property minus $1,000

Total Real Property

$24,000 $24,000

$24,000

$40,000

Total County Tax

$1,072.45 $1,072.45

$1,072.45

$1,780.00

82

APPENDIX C: WILLS

Will of John McGavock, September 18, 1886 Williamson County Will Books, Mf Roll No. 96, Will Book Vol. 20, p. 509. WCA “I have heretofore given and deeded to each of my children 100 acres of land out of the tract in which I now reside, and I will and devise that all the balance of my said tract of land be equally divided between my said children to wit: Winder McGavock and Hattie Cowan, that is each of them shall have the same number of acres, all my land being regarded as of practically the same value per acre. I will and direct that said land be so divided as to leave all the land of each of my said children in one body, undividing [sic] what I have heretofore given them. But all my improvements including my residence shall be in my said son’s part of said land. I will and devise to my wife Carrie W. McGavock for and during her natural life one third of the usufruct [the right of using and enjoying the use or profits of an estate] of the land I have herein divided to each of my children, excluding however the one hundred acres I have hereto-fore deeded to each of them. In addition to the above I also will and bequeath the exclusive possession and control of my residence yard and garden, and all of my household and kitchen furniture, and she may dispose of any of said household and kitchen furniture in any way that she may desire. I will and bequeath that all of my personal property of every character and description except said household and said household and kitchen furniture shall be equally divided be-tween my said children and I recommend that nothing be sold at public sale, except such arti-cles as cannot be valued or divided by them, or such as they may choose to sell. I nominate and appoint as executors to this my last will and testament my son Winder McGavock and my son-in-law Geo. L. Cowan. … 18th day of September, 1886. After execution of John McGavock’s Will, Grantor Winder McGavock Grantee Hattie M. Cowan August 26, 1893 Williamson County Deed Books, 1893, Mf. Roll 156, Vol. 16, p. 538-40, WCA. “This Indenture made and entered into this 26 day of August AD 1893 by and between Winder McGavock of the County of Williamson in the State of Tennessee of the one part and Hattie M Cowan and her husband Geo L Cowan of said County and State of the other Witnesseth that whereas by the Last Will and Testament of John McGavock, late of said County now de-ceased, he gave and divised to his two children the said Winder McGavock and Hattie M Cowan, the tract of land on which he resided at the time of his death lying and being in the 9th Civil District of said County known as Carnton, and containing 643 acres equally and jointly by share and share alike, And whereas they have this day set apart and divided one hundred and ninety five acres + 30 poles of said land to be sold in whole or in part as may be necessary, for the payment of the debts of said estate and have partitioned the balance between themselves of said division and partition being as follows: viz, to the said Hattie M Cowan is set apart the following two parcels pieces of land, First, one parcel of two hundred and seven acres and 80 poles on the West side of the place and bounded as follows: Beginning on a stone, the south east corner of Geo L Cowan’s lot purchased of John McGavock thence with his line N 83˚ W 112 ¾ poles to the center of the Rail road thence S 1 ¾ W leaving the rail road at 42 poles,

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202 poles to double stones Billington’s corner, thence S 89 89˚ [sic] E with his and Crothers line 153 poles to a Stone, thence N 1˚ E 130 poles to a stone, thence S 89˚ E 64 poles to a Stone, thence N 1˚ E 37:36 poles to Stone, thence N 82˚ W 10 ¼ poles to a Stone, thence S 18˚ W 92 poles to a stone in Cowan’s purchase, thence S 8˚ E 16’30…containing 240 acres and 50 poles by survey. Now on consideration of the premises and for the purpose of making and consummating said partition, the said Winder McGavock hereby releases, relinquishes said claims and conveys unto the said Hattie M Cowan, all the right title Claims and interest that he has by descent, di-vise and otherwise in and to the first and second of the above mentioned and described tracts of land containing respectively 205 acres and 50 poles and 2 acres and 30 poles to her, her heirs and assigns, an indefeasible estate in fee simple. And in consideration of the premises and for the purpose of one said, the said Hattie M Cowan and her husband Geo L. Cowan hereby release, relinquish, quit claim and convey unto the said Winder McGavock all the right, title and claim and interest that they or either of them have by descent device or otherwise in and to the third of the above named and described tract of land containing 240 acres and 50 poles, to him, his heirs and assigns as a indefeasible estate in fee simple But in as much as in the division and partition of said land, the said Winder McGavock has received by estimate Fourteen hundred and seventy six and 25/100 dollars, part of said indebtedness, and for the residue of $257 79/100 he has this day executed to her his promissory note due and payable one day after date, for the security and payment of which here hereby gives and acknowledges a lien in favor of the said Hattie M. Cowan and said tract of 240 acres and 50 poles until the same is paid. In Testimony whereof the parties have hereto signed their name the day and date above writ-ten. Winder McGavock Hattie M. Y. Cowan Geo. L. Cowan

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APPENDIX D: U.S. CENSUS REPORTS

1860

[Carnton]

Member

Sex Age Race

Place of Birth Notes

McGavock, John M 44 W TN

McGavock, Caroline E. F 28 M TN

McGavock, Martha F 10 M TN

McGavock, Hattie F 5 M TN

McGavock, Winder M 3 M TN

1870

Household # 204 [Carnton]

Member

Sex Age Race

Place of Birth Notes

Akland, William M 14 W LA Bostick, Bettie F 25 M TN Domestic Servant Bostick, Cloa F 1 M TN Bostick, Edward M 3 M TN Bostick, Virgil M 5 M TN McConnico, Dan M 18 B TN Farm Laborer McGavock, Caroline F 39 W LA

McGavock, Hattie F 13 W TN

McGavock, John M 55 W TN Farming

McGavock, Wilder M 11 W TN

Story, Shirley F 12 W LA Wirtzenbury, Virginia F 12 W LA

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1880

Household #5 [Carnton]

Member

Sex Age Race

Place of Birth Notes

McGavock, Col. John M 65 W TN Head

McGavock, Carrie F 51

[sic] W MS [sic] Wife

McGavock, Hattie F 25

[sic] W TN Daughter

McGavock, Van Winder [sic] M 23 sic] W TN Son

Kenning, William M 13 W LA Orphan

Durand, Victor M 11 W France Orphan

Kenning, Harry M 11 W LA Orphan

1900 Household #85 [Windermere]

Member

Sex Age Race

Place of Birth Notes

Cowan, George L M 57 W Ire. Head

Cowan, Hattie M. F 44 W TN Wife

Cowan, Carrie W. F 15 W TN Daughter

Cowan, John M. M 13 W TN Son

Cowan, Leah F 11 W TN Daughter

Cowan, Samuel M 9 W TN Son

Cowan, Winder M. M 7 W TN Son

Household #88 [Carnton]

Member

Sex Age Race

Place of Birth Notes

McGavock, Carrie F 70 W MS Head

Miller, Walter M 13 W LA Servant

Allen, Annie F 45 W TN Boarder

Inez [sic] F 19 W TN Boarder

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1910 Household #153 [Windermere]

Member Sex Age Race

Place of Birth Notes

Cowan, George L M 67 W Ireland Head

Cowan, Hattie M. F 54 W TN Wife

Cowan, Carrie W. F 25 W TN Daughter

Cowan, Leah F 21 W TN Daughter

Cowan, Samuel M 19 W TN Son

Cowan, Winder M. M 17 W TN Son

1920 Household #364 [Windermere]

Member Sex Age Race

Place of Birth Notes

Kinnard, Claiborne H. M 35 TN Occupation, None

Kinnard, Porter F 35 AR Wife

Kinnard, Claiborne, Jr. M 7 TN Son

Kinnard, Amis M 4 TN Son

1930 [Windermere]

Member Sex Age Race

Place of Birth Notes

Kinnard, Claiborne H. M 45 W TN Occupation, None

Kinnard, Porter F 45 W AR Wife

Kinnard, Claiborne, Jr. M 17 W TN Son

Kinnard, Amis M 14 W TN Son

Kincaid, George M 68 W TN Born 1862, listed as "servant," divorced

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1940 [Windermere]

Member Sex Age Race

Place of Birth Notes

Kinnard, Claiborne H. M 55 W TN Head

Kinnard, Porter F 45 W AR Wife

Kinnard, Amis M 23 W TN Son

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Endnotes

1 Details of McGavock/Cowan wedding in: Cowan File, Battle of Franklin Center Archives (hereafter FCA), Carnton Plantation, Franklin, TN; John McGavock Family Bible, available at http://www.biblerecords.com/mcgavock.html; Marriage Records, 1800-1899, Williamson County Archives (hereafter WCA), Franklin, TN. 2 Cowan File, FCA. George L. Cowan was listed as living in 139 South Spruce Street, Nashville, in the 1884 and 1885 Nashville City Directory. Deeds from John McGavock to Winder and Hattie McGavock in Williamson County Deed Books, Mf. Roll No. 153, Volume 11, p. 166, 1885, Williamson County Ar-chives, Franklin, TN. 3 “George Cowan,” Williamson County Heritage Foundation. Image available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/4796801836/. “Hattie Mcg Cowan,” Williamson County Heritage Foundation, image available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/3785700573/sizes/o/in/photostream/ 4 Tax records in Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, Mf Roll 300, 1887, District 9, WCA. Nashville City Directory, 1886. 5 Will of John McGavock, Williamson County Will Books, Mf Roll No. 96, Will Book 20, p. 509, WCA. 6 Williamson County Deed Books, Mf Roll No. 154, Vol. 12, p. 318, 1887, WCA. Williamson County Trus-tee Tax Books, Mf Roll 300, 1887, District 9, WCA. 7 Williamson County Deed Books, Mf Roll No. 154, Vol. 12, p. 318, 1887, WCA. Williamson County Trus-tee Tax Books, Mf Rolls 300-302, 1887-1892, District 9, WCA. John Allison, ed., Notable Men of Ten-nessee: Personal and Genealogical Portraits, Vol. 1(Atlanta, GA: Southern Historical Association, 1905), 138-139. 8 Photo from Williamson County Heritage Foundation. http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/5765185801/sizes/o/in/photostream/. Birth dates of the Cowan children from Robert Gray, The McGavock Family: A Genealogical History of James McGavock and His Descendants from 1760 to 1903 (Richmond, VA: William Ellis Jones, 1903), 74.

9 Consulted maps include: Confederate Engineer Major Wilbur F. Foster’s map of the 1864 Battle of Franklin, Williamson County Heritage Foundation, http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/4724266721/sizes/l/in/photostream/; “Battle-field in front of Franklin,” The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1890), Atlas, Ser. I, Vol. 45. “Field works at Franklin, Tenn., occupied by the 23d and 4th corps during engagement of Nov. 30th 1864, Maj. Gen. J. M. Schofield, comdg.,” Civil War Maps, Library of Congress, http://www.loc.gov/item/2003627083 G.H Blakeslee, “Franklin—Tenn. profield (sic) June 1863 (sic),” Franklin--Tenn. profield [sic] June 1863 /Civil War Maps, Library of Congress, http://www.loc.gov/item/2003630448

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“Map of Williamson County, Tenn.,” D.G. Beers and Co., 1878. Map Collection, Williamson County Archives, Franklin, TN. “Sketch Showing the Disposition of the Cavalry Corps, Military Division of the Miss., Bvt. Maj. Gen. James H. Wilson Commanding at the Battle of Franklin, Tenn., November 30, 1864,” O.R., Ser. I, Vol. 45, Pt. 1, p 560. W.E. Merrill, “Battlefield in front of Franklin, Tenn.,” Civil War Maps, Library of Congress, available at: http://www.loc.gov/item/99448853Battlefield in front of Franklin, Tenn., November 30th, 1864 W.E. Merrill, “Battlefield in front of Franklin, Tenn. where the United States forces, consisting of the 4th & 23rd Corps and the Cavalry Corps M.D.M., all under the command of Maj. Gen'l. J. M. Schofield, se-verely repulsed the Confederate army, commanded by Lt. Gen'l Hood, November 30th 1864,” Civil War Maps, Library of Congress, http://www.loc.gov/item/99448852; Original map image in Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 34 (August 1887): 602. 10 Following are synopses and excerpts from the five known contracts between the McGavocks and freedmen for goods and services to be performed on family property:

A. On November 28, 1865, Carrie McGavock and John McGavock signed into a contract with freedman Billy Miller, to have Billy Miller’s fourteen year-old daughter Mary Miller work for the McGavocks for all of 1866, in exchange for fifty dollars, food, and clothes. Rick Warwick, compiler, Freedom and Work in the Reconstruction Era: The Freedmen’s Bureau Labor Contracts of Williamson County, Tennessee (Franklin, TN: Williamson County Heritage Foundation, 2006), 58-59.

B. January 1, 1866, John McGavock and freedman Thomas Neely contracted to have McGavock pay Neely $170 by the first of 1877, in exchange for work. No mention was made of housing. Warwick, Freedom and Work in the Reconstruction Era: The Freedmen’s Bu-reau Labor Contracts of Williamson County, 130.

C. On January 1, 1866, John McGavock contracted with James Kinnard and wife Bettie, Henry

Mosley, Lewis Kinnard, and John Lanier. McGavock was to provide “one hundred acres of tillable land, waters for the second party, they building the same themselves…” The land was to be at least sixty acres of cotton and tobacco, with the remainder in corn. McGavock was to receive at year’s end “twenty five pounds of gined [sic] or linto cotton per acre rent” and “five dollars rent per acre” of corn. The second patty was to “work and cultivate the said Land under the supervision and direction of the first party…” James Kinnard and Henry Mosley signed, both marking with an X. Warwick, Freedom and Work in the Reconstruction Era: The Freedmen’s Bureau Labor Contracts of Williamson County, 168.

D. January 6, 1866, John McGavock contracted to and Miles McConnico and his wife Franky

Do “land to cultivate, quarters to live in, and fuel supply for self, teams and utensils, and feed for teams.” McConnico would also receive seven dollars a month throughout 1866, and keep one third of the crops he grew. It was mentioned that the couple had children, but Ms. Do was to “perform all Kitchen Yard and household work for the coming year and to main-tain a quiet orderly and respectful demeanor…” Warwick, Freedom and Work in the Recon-struction Era: The Freedmen’s Bureau Labor Contracts of Williamson County, 132.

E. On January 16th, 1866, John McGavock and freedman Daniel Kinard signed a contract to

have Mr. Kinard give one half of his crop from “land set apart for him.” In exchange, Kinard, his wife, and daughter would receive “Quarters and fuel” as well as “land and teams and utensils to cultivate said land.” The contract also stipulated that Kinard was to keep “the most perfect order and good behavior in his household…” and to “keep in good repair the

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fence around the field he cultivates. Warwick, Freedom and Work in the Reconstruction Era: The Freedmen’s Bureau Labor Contracts of Williamson County, 115.

11 One story, written in 1991, stated Windermere was “built by John McGavock in 1870 for his daughter Elizabeth.” But existing evidence, especially the U.S. Census reports of 1870 and 1880 clearly refute this - Deborah M. Blakely, “Martlesham Heath,” Nashville Business and Lifestyle, March 1, 1991. 12 Following are primary and secondary sources consulted concerning wartime Franklin that mention structures within 1.5 kilometers of present day Windermere, none of which mention a structure where Windermere now stands: “Army Correspondence,” The Daily Cleveland Herald, May 02, 1863. Robert W. Bank, The Battle of Franklin, November 30, 1864 (New York: Neale Publishing, 1908). Robert Beasecker, ed., “I Hope to do My Country Service”: The Civil War Letters of John Bennitt, M.D., Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry (Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 2005), 105-107. J.E. Brant, History of the Eighty-Fifth [Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment]: Its Organization, Cam-paigns, and Battles (Bloomington, IN: Cravens Bros., 1902). Frank A. Burr and Talcot Williams, The Battle of Franklin (Philadelphia, PA: 1883). Barbara Butler Davis, ed., Affectionately Yours: The Civil War Home-Front Letters of the Ovid Butler Family (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press, 2004). Jacob D. Cox, The Battle of Franklin, November 30, 1864, A Monograph (New York: Charles Scribners’ Sons, 1897). Diaries of Dr. Samuel Henderson and Judge John H. Henderson, Unpublished manuscript, WCA. Ty L. Dilliplane, “Fort Granger (Franklin, TN): A Study of Its Past and Proposal for Its Future,” PhD diss., Vanderbilt University, 1974. Richard C. Fulcher, The Battle of Franklin and the Civil War Years (Brentwood, TN: Fulcher Publishing, 1999). Robert G. Hartje, Van Dorn: The Life and Times of a Confederate General (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 1967). History, Organization, Marches, Campings, General Service and Final Muster Out of Battery M, First

Regiment, Illinois Light Artillery (Princeton, IL: Mercer and Dean, 1892).

Eric A. Jacobson and Richard A. Rupp, For Cause and for Country: A Study of the Affair at Spring Hill and the Battle of Franklin (Franklin, TN: O’More Publishing, 2007). Carey C. Jewell, Harvest of Death: A Detailed Account of the Army of Tennessee at the Battle of Frank-lin (Hicksville, NY: Exposition Press, 1976). Glenn V. Longacre and John E. Haas, eds., To Battle for God and the Right: The Civil War Letterbooks of Emerson Opdycke (Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2003).

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David R. Logsdon, ed., Eyewitnesses at the Battle of Franklin (Nashville, TN: Kettle Mills Press, 2005). Charles Marshall’s account of April 10, 1863 battle in Franklin from the Franklin Review Appeal, August

23, 1923.

Morgan Marshall, The Battle of Franklin (Franklin, TN: Press of the News, 1931). Francis McAdams, Every-day Soldier Life: Or, a History of the One Hundred and Thirteenth Ohio (Columbus, OH: Charles M. Cott, 1884). James Lee McDonough and Thomas L. Connelly, Five Tragic Hours: The Battle of Franklin (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1996). William J. McMurray, History of the Twentieth Tennessee Regiment Volunteer Infantry (Nashville, TN: 1904) Sallie McNutt’s account of April 10, 1863 battle in Franklin from the Franklin Review Appeal, November 30, 1922. Charles A. Partridge, ed., History of the Ninety-Sixth Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry (Chicago, 1887). John Shellenberger, The Battle of Franklin, Tennessee: November 30, 1864 (Cleveland, OH: Arthur Clark, 1916). Wiley Sword, Embrace an Angry Wind: The Confederates’ Last Hurrah (New York: Harper-Collins, 1992). The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1880-1901), Ser. 1, Vol. 23, Pt. 1, pp. 222-230; Ser. 1, Vol. 23, Pt. 2, pp.113, 120-121, 127, 232-233, 297-298, 359-361, 416; OR Ser. 1, Vol. 32, Pt. 2, pp. 90-91 (hereafter referred to as O.R.). Rick Warwick, Williamson County: Civil War Veterans-Their Reunions and Photographs (Franklin, TN: Williamson County Heritage Foundation, 2007). Rick Warwick, ed., Williamson County in Black and White (Franklin, TN: Williamson County Historical Society, 2000). Rick Warwick, compiler, Williamson County: The Civil War as Seen through the Female Experience (Franklin, TN: William County Heritage Foundation, 2008). Rick Warwick, compiler, Williamson County: The Civil War Years Revealed Through Letters, Diaries, and Memoirs (Franklin, TN: Williamson County Heritage Foundation, 2006), 150. 13“Windermere” appears in George L. Cowan’s 1909 offer to sell the home and its property (see below). Unsub-stantiated story of Felix Winder and his mother Martha Grundy Winder building Windermere from Donna O’Neil, “Hellers, Land Trust Celebrate Protection of Windermere,” Williamson Herald, June 5, 2012. 14U.S. Census, 1860, Williamson County, Tennessee, District 1. 15“Windermere” appears in George L. Cowan’s 1909 offer to sell the home and its property (see below). Unsub-stantiated story of Felix Winder and his mother Martha Grundy Winder building Windermere from Donna O’Neil, “Hellers, Land Trust Celebrate Protection of Windermere,” Williamson Herald, June 5, 2012.

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16Williamson County losses at Shiloh from Michael Cotten, Williamson County Confederates (Franklin, TN: Unpublished manuscript, Williamson County Archives, 1996), and William J. McMurray, History of the Twentieth Tennessee Regiment Volunteer Infantry (Nashville, TN: 1904). 17Civil War Reunions, Center for Civil War Research, Mississippi University, available at: http://www.civilwarcenter.olemiss.edu/reunions.html.

James A. Marten, Sing Not War: The Lives of Union and Confederate Veterans in Gilded Age America (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2011), 125-157. Rick Warwick, Williamson County: Civil War Veterans-Their Reunions and Photographs (Franklin, TN: Williamson County Heritage Foundation, 2007), 22-28. 18 For area losses in the Civil War, see: Michael Cotten, Williamson County Confederates (Franklin, TN: Unpublished manuscript, Williamson County Archives, 1996), and William J. McMurray, History of the Twentieth Tennessee Regiment Volunteer Infantry (Nashville, TN: 1904). For military engagements in the area of Franklin, see: Richard Carlton Fulcher, compiler, Civil War Bat-tles and Skirmishes in Williamson County, Tennessee (Franklin, TN: Unpublished manuscript, William-son County Archives, 2000), and O.R., Ser. 1, Vol. 23, Pt. 1, p. 222-230; Ser. 1, Vol. 23 Pt. 2, p.113. 19Eric A Jacobson and Richard A. Rupp, For Cause and for Country: A Study of the Affair at Spring Hill and the Battle of Franklin (Franklin, TN: O’More Publishing, 2007), 394-397, 411-412, 432, 434; Jacobson and Rupp, Baptism of Fire: The 44th Missouri, 175th Ohio, and 183rd Ohio at the Battle of Franklin (Franklin, TN: O’More Publishing, 2011), 89, 91. James Lee McDonough and Thomas L. Connelly, Five Tragic Hours: The Battle of Franklin (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1983), 164-168. File No. 1992.32, Battle of Franklin Trust Manuscript Collection, FCA. 20Warwick, Williamson County: Civil War Veterans-Their Reunions and Photographs, 22-28. 21 “An Act to appropriate the sum of nine hundred dollars for the purpose of placing head stones over the graves of the Mississippi dead in the McGavock Confederate Cemetery at Franklin, Tennesseee,” Laws of the State of Mississippi, Passed at a Regular Session of the Mississippi Legislature , Held in the City of Jackson, Commencing January 5, 1892, and Ending April 2, 1892 (Jackson, MS: R.H. Henry, 1892), 24-25; David Currey, “The Virtuous Soldier: Constructing a Usable Confederate Past in Franklin, Tennessee,” in Monuments to the Lost Cause: Women, Art, and the Landscapes of Southern Memory, Cynthia Mills and Pamela H. Simpson, eds. (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 2004), 140; Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Alabama, Session of 1900-01 (Montgomery, AL: A. Roemer, 1901), 317-319; Eric A. Jacobson, The McGavock Confederate Cemetery (Nashville: Vaughan Printing, 2007), 32-33. Jacobson also offers strong evidence that George Cowan, in addition to raising funds for new headstones, may have also altered Carrie McGavock’s log book of burials at the Confederate, changing several “unknown” designations to known dead, assertions that Cowan could not have definitively made. Jacobson hypothesizes that the alterations may have been Cowan’s attempt to help family members find closer, when bodies of their relatives could not be found among the dead of Franklin (see Jacobson, McGavock Confederate Cemetery, 40-44).

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22McGavock’s Cemetery, circa 1866, Williamson County Heritage Foundation, available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/5765174307/sizes/o/in/photostream/

Later image of McGavock Cemetery with stone markers in place from Williamson County Heritage Foun-dation, image available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/5303406707/sizes/o/in/photostream/ 23 “Confederate Cemetery Taken from Windermere, circa 1899,” Williamson County Heritage Foundation, available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/5306885944/sizes/m/in/photostream/ 24 “The Franklin Reunion,” Nashville Daily American, September 18, 1891, p. 7. 25 Warwick, Williamson County: Civil War Veterans- Their Reunions, and Photographs, 31-39. “Confederate Monument at Franklin,” Confederate Veteran 8 (January 1900): 5. Cowan File, Battle of Franklin Trust Manuscript Collection, FCA. David Currey, “The Virtuous Soldier: Constructing a Usable Confederate Past in Franklin, Tennessee,” in Monuments to the Lost Cause: Women, Art, and the Landscapes of Southern Memory, Cynthia Mills and Pamela H. Simpson, eds. (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 2004), 133-146. (Franklin) Review Appeal, February 23, 1911, p. 5. 26 “UDC Ladies,” Williamson County Heritage Foundation. Image available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/5306878596/sizes/o/in/photostream/ 27Tax records in Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, Mf Roll 302, 1893, 1894, District 9, WCA. John McGavock’s death noted in John McGavock Family Bible, available at: http://www.biblerecords.com/mcgavock.html, and “Col. John McGavock,” Nashville Banner, June 8, 1893.

McGavock’s will executed on August 26, 1893, Williamson County Deed Books, Mf. Roll No. 156, Vol-ume 16, pp. 538-40, WCA. 28 Tax records in Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, Mf Roll 303, 1896, District 9, WCA. 29 Image of Windermere from Williamson County Heritage Foundation, available at http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/5765733178/in/photostream. Birthdates of McGavock children from Gray, The McGavock Family, 74. 30 “Missouri Delegation,” Williamson County News, June 25th, 1897, transcribed in Rick Warwick, com-piler, Williamson County: Civil War Veterans- Their Reunions and Photographs (Franklin, TN: William-son County Heritage Foundation, 2007), 41-42. 31 David Currey, “The Virtuous Soldier: Constructing a Usable Confederate Past in Franklin, Tennessee,” in Monuments to the Lost Cause: Women, Art, and the Landscapes of Southern Memory, Cynthia Mills and Pamela H. Simpson, eds. (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 2004), 143-146. (Franklin) Review Appeal, Dec, 7, 1899, p. 1. 32 “Franklin UDC Aug 28, 1900,” Williamson County Heritage Foundation. Image available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/6904890519/

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33 Cowan File, FCA; Allison, ed., Notable Men of Tennessee: Personal and Genealogical Portraits, Vol. 1, 138-139; Confederate Veteran 27 (1919): 468; Louise P. Dolliver, Lineage Book - National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution, Vol. 21 (Harrisburg, PA: Telegraph Printing Co., 1906), 259. Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, Mf Roll 1893, District 9, WCA. 34 (Franklin) Review Appeal, October 13, 1910, p. 1; (Franklin) Review Appeal, February 23, 1911, p. 5; Warwick, Williamson County: Civil War Veterans- Their Reunions and Photographs, 57-60. 35 1910 Franklin City Directory (Cowan does not appear in this, though scores of Franklin residents and many businesses are listed). 1910 County-level U.S. Census information from the University of Virginia Library Historical Census Browser, available at: http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/. 2010 Urban/rural per-centages from U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division, “Percent urban and rural in 2010 by state and county,” available at: http://www.census.gov/geo/www/ua/2010urbanruralclass.html#percent

36 Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, 9th District, 1909-1914, WCA; 1910 Williamson County Cen-sus, 9th District, House #153. 37 Middle Tennessee Traction Co. v George L. Cowan et al (1913), Williamson County Circuit-Civil Court, Mf Roll #19, WCA. 37 Williamson County Trustee Tax Records, District 9, 1913, 1914, 1915 (See Appendix B); Sandra N. Rice, “A Land Rich in History,” A History of Heath Place, available at: https://heathplaceatcarnton.com/uploads/Heath_Place_History.pdf; Confederate Veteran 27 (1919), 468. 39 Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, 9th District, 1914, 1915, WCA. 40 James A. Crutchfield and Robert Holladay, Franklin: Tennessee’s Handsomest Town, A Bicentennial History, 1799-1999 (Franklin, TN: Hillsboro Press, 1999), 226. Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, 9th District, 1916-1919, WCA. “Who’s Who in Williamson County,” (Franklin) Review Appeal , January 14, 1937. 41 Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, 9th District, 1920-1928, WCA. Mrs. Porter Kinnard first paid a poll tax in 1922. Crutchfield and Holladay, Franklin: Tennessee’s Handsomest Town, 226. Willow Plunge opening described in (Franklin) Review Appeal, June 19, 1924. Rice, “A Land Rich in History,” available at: https://heathplaceatcarnton.com/uploads/Heath_Place_History.pdf 42 Crutchfield and Holladay, 226. 43 Courtney P. Fint, “The American Summer Youth Camp as a Cultural Landscape,” in Cultural Land-scapes: Balancing Nature and Heritage in Preservation Practice, Richard Longstreth, ed. (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2008), 73-75; Wiltse, Contested Waters: A Social History of Swimming Pools in America (Charlotte, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2010), 90. 44 Wiltse, Contested Waters, 90.

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45 Ibid. 46 “Willow Plunge 3,” Williamson County Heritage Foundation. Image available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/6003139704/

47 Hudson Alexander, “Trip down memory lane leads to Willow Plunge,” Williamson Herald (Franklin, TN), March 1, 2007, B4. Crutchfield and Holladay, 226; Warwick, Historical Markers of Williamson County, Tennessee (Nashville, TN: Panacea Press, 2010), 225; Wiltse, 73, 97, 107. “Who’s Who in Wil-liamson County,” (Franklin) Review Appeal , January 14, 1937. 48Tennessee Electric Power Company v. C.H. Kinnard et al (1930), Williamson County Circuit-Civil Court Records, 1900s, Mf 20, WCA. 1933 Franklin City Directory, 1933-34; Franklin City Directory, 1910. 49 “Willow Plunge,” Williamson County Heritage Foundation, image available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/4796806975/sizes/o/in/photostream/ See also: (Franklin) Review Appeal, May 14, 1936; (Franklin) Review Appeal June 10, 1943. 50 Interview of Jimmy Gentry by G. Kurt Piehler and Kelly Hammond, for the Veterans Oral History Pro-ject, center for the Study of War and Society, History Department, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, July 22, 2000, transcript available at: http://web.utk.edu/~csws/interviews/gentry.pdf

C.H. Kinnard IV’s entry into the Army Air Force note in “C.H. Kinnard, Industry Head, War Hero, Dies,” (Franklin) Review Appeal, September 22, 1966, p. 1, 3A. 51 Service information on C.H. Kinnard, Jr. from: Air Force Magazine (May 2005); 87. “Claiborne H. Kinnard, Jr.,” MilitaryTimes.com, available at: http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=23105 “C.H. Kinnard, Industry Head, War Hero, Dies,” (Franklin) Review Appeal, September 22, 1966, p. 1, 3A; Norman J. Fortier, An Ace of the Eighth: An American Fighter Pilot’s Air War in Europe (New York: Ran-dom House Digital, Inc., 2003), 243; Eric M. Hammel, Air War Europa Chronology (Pacifica, CA: Pacifica Military History, 1994), 335; 52* Obituary of C.H. Kinnard, Sr. in “C.H. Kinnard Dies at His Home Here Tuesday Morning," (Franklin) Review Appeal, August 5, 1948, p. 1. 53 Deborah M. Blakely, “Martlesham Heath,” Nashville Business and Lifestyle, March 1, 1991. Kevin Walters, “Battle of Franklin site expands with new conservation easement,” The Tennessean, June 29, 2012. 54 Deborah M. Blakely, “Martlesham Heath,” Nashville Business and Lifestyle, March 1, 1991. Rice, “A Land Rich in History,” available at: https://heathplaceatcarnton.com/uploads/Heath_Place_History.pdf; Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, 1930-1961, District 9, WCA. See Appendix B.

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55 “C.H. Kinnard, Industry Head, War Hero, Dies,” (Franklin) Review Appeal, September 22, 1966, p. 1, 3A. 56 “C.H. Kinnard, Industry Head, War Hero, Dies,” (Franklin) Review Appeal, September 22, 1966, p. 1, 3A. Jimmie Lewis, “Civil Rights Movement,” in Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture, Carroll Van West, editor (Nashville, TN: Rutledge Press, 1998), 163-168. Municipal pool integration was a major and divisive issue during the Civil Rights era. Preceding Brown v. Board of Education, African American activists in Missouri pushed for desegregation of St. Louis munici-pal pools in 1950 and Kansas City in 1952, winning both cases under the auspices of the Fourteenth Amendment. William Turner, a resident of Hopkinsville, Kentucky during the segregation era, recalled “Our first swimming pool opened here in 1922…and it was definitely segregated. It would become Carter Swimming Pool later, and I would say that it was not integrated until the late ‘60s.” Turner recalled that a local Kiwanis club, in the name of philanthropy, held an annual fundraiser from 1948 to the 1950s to fund a local pool for African Americans. Ironically, he notes, it was a minstrel show, and the white enter-tainers performed in blackface. Missouri desegregation of pools in Richard S. Kirkendall, A History of Missouri, 1919-1953 (Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1986), 368. William Turner quoted in Catherine Fosl and Tracy E. K’Meyer, Freedom on the Border: And Oral His-tory of the Civil Rights Movement in Kentucky (Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2009), available at: http://books.google.com/books?id=bnj0JHhoZ4oC&printsec=frontcover&dq=freedom+on+the+border&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IXu7UPaqFIjA9gSsvIGwAg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ.

See also, Jeff Wiltse, Contested Waters: A Social History of Swimming Pools in America (Charlotte, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2010). 57 Image of Ruth M. Kinnard from the Williamson County Heritage Foundation, image available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/4796876167/

58 Ruth M. Kinnard , Williamson County Heritage Foundation, available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/4796876167/

“Women's Law Association Honors Women in Tennessee Judiciary,” Vanderbilt Office of News and Pub-lic Affairs, January 14, 1997, available at: http://www.vanderbilt.edu/News/register/Feb26_96/story6.html Ruth Kinnard’s accomplishments also noted in Norman J. Fortier, An Ace of the Eighth: An American Fighter Pilot’s Air War in Europe (New York: Random House Digital, Inc., 2003), 243. 59 “Williamson County Highway Department, Chamber of Commerce, Franklin, Tenn. Jan. 1977,” Vertical Files, Map Files, Williamson County Maps, WCA. “Map of Williamson County, Tennessee, Williamson County Chamber of Commerce Street Map, Sep-tember 1, 1983,” Vertical Files, Map Files, Williamson County Maps, WCA. Deborah M. Blakely, “Martlesham Heath,” Nashville Business and Lifestyle, March 1, 1991. For a glossed-over view of the history of Heath Place, see “Heath Place at Carnton,” a home-owners association overview, available at: https://heathplaceatcarnton.com/Local_History.html 60 Deborah M. Blakely, “Martlesham Heath,” Nashville Business and Lifestyle, March 1, 1991.

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61 Jacobson and Rupp, For Cause and For Country, 434; Joe Morris, Nashville, Tennessee: A Photographic Portrait (Rockport, MA: Twin Lights Publishers, 2010), 53; “Carnton,” National Park Service, Database for the National Register of Historic Places, available at: http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natregsearchresult.do?fullresult=true&recordid=12 62 “Franklin’s Charge: A Vision for Reclaiming America’s Battlefield,” available at: http://www.franklinscharge.com/

Greg L. Wade, “Franklin, Tenn., Officials Approve $2.5M Matching Funds For Land,” Civil War News, (April 2005), available at: http://www.civilwarnews.com/archive/articles/franklin_fund_approval.htm 63 Kevin Walters, “Battle of Franklin site expands with new conservation easement,” The Tennessean, June 29, 2012. Donna O’Neil, “Hellers, Land Trust celebrate protection of Windermere property,” Williamson (County) Herald, June 5, 2012. 64 For a glossed view of the history of Heath Place, see “Heath Place at Carnton,” a home-owners asso-ciation overview, available at: https://heathplaceatcarnton.com/Local_History.html

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Descendants from 1760 to 1903. Richmond, VA: William Ellis Jones, 1903. Jacobson, Eric A. and Richard A. Rupp, Baptism of Fire: The 44th Missouri, 175th Ohio, and 183rd Ohio at the Battle of Franklin. Franklin, TN: O’More Publishing, 2011. Jacobson, Eric A. and Richard A. Rupp, For Cause and for Country: A Study of the Affair at Spring Hill and the Battle of Franklin. Franklin, TN: O’More Publishing, 2007. Jacobson, Eric A. The McGavock Confederate Cemetery. Nashville: Vaughan Printing, 2007. “The Franklin Reunion,” Nashville Daily American, September 18, 1891. Marten, James A. Sing Not War: The Lives of Union and Confederate Veterans in Gilded Age America. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2011. McDonough, James L. and Thomas L. Connelly, Five Tragic Hours: The Battle of Franklin. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1983. McMurray, William J. McMurray. History of the Twentieth Tennessee Regiment Volunteer Infantry. Nashville, TN: 1904. Mills, Cynthia and Pamela H. Simpson, eds. Monuments to the Lost Cause: Women, Art, and the Landscapes of Southern Memory. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 2004. Rice, Sandra N. “A Land Rich in History,” A History of Heath Place, available at: https://heathplaceatcarnton.com/uploads/Heath_Place_History.pdf Warwick, Rick, Compiler. Freedom and Work in the Reconstruction Era: The Freedmen’s Bureau Labor Contracts of Williamson County, Tennessee. Franklin, TN: Williamson County Heritage Foundation, 2006. ________. Williamson County: Civil War Veterans-Their Reunions and Photographs. Franklin, TN: Williamson County Heritage Foundation, 2007. ________. Williamson County in Black and White. Franklin, TN: Williamson County Historical Society, 2000. ________. Williamson County: Civil War Veterans-Their Reunions and Photographs. Franklin, TN: Williamson County Heritage Foundation, 2007. West, Carroll Van, ed. Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Nashville, TN: Rutledge Press, 1998. Wiltse, Jeff. Contested Waters: A Social History of Swimming Pools in America. Charlotte, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2010. Wyeth, John Allen, Life of General Nathan Bedford Forrest. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1899.

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