WindcubeTM Pulsed lidar wind profiler · 2009. 12. 1. · 25/06/2009 – 15th CLRC – Toulouse, France. 1 week of measurement at IAP: the site • Beijing City, Public Republic of

25/06/2009

WindcubeTM Pulsed lidar wind profilerOverview of more than 2 years of field experience

J.P.Cariou, R. Parmentier, M. Boquet, L.Sauvage

15th Coherent Laser Radar ConferenceToulouse, France

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25/06/2009 – 15th CLRC – Toulouse, France

Presentation Outline

1. Wind Energy requirements for remote sensing

2. How can we meet these needs in flat terrain?

3. Example of some comparison campaigns vs. cup anemometry

4. Complex terrain: an exciting research field

5. Remaining challenges

6. Conclusion and questions

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Wind Energy requirements for remote sensing

Different needs:Initial site assessment: easy to deploy measurement device to measure at hub height (80m to 100m)Site calibration: wind shear and turbulence characterization for the siteMicro-siting: fast and easy to move remote sensor in complement with few fixed small met mastsPower Performance verification: accurate measurement over the whole rotor diameter (~40m to ~180m)

But the same high accuracy requirement:Less than 0.1m/s uncertainty on horizontal wind speed (10min average)Accurate measurement of vertical wind, turbulence (standard deviation over 10min periods), and wind direction

An industry that is used to measurement standards and traceable calibration process

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Specifications Ground layer WLS7Minimum wind data height 40mMaximum wind data height Up to 200m*Averaging time 0.5sVertical range resolution 20mNumber of programmable heights 10Wind speed accuracy < 0.2 m/sWind direction accuracy < 2°Speed range 0 to 60 m/s*According to atmospheric conditions

Parameters

Output data Wind speed and directionTurbulence data

WLS7 WindcubeDoppler LidarSpecifications

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How can we meet these needs in flat terrain?

With a strong knowledge of all sciences involved in the Lidar design:

Optoelectronics: laser + high power amplifier + detection moduleOptics: optical system design + light propagation in the atmosphereSignal Processing: need for information theory limited Doppler shift detection processing (MLE e.g..)Electronics and computing: energy efficient electronics and optimized coding for the algorithm to perform fast and accurate calculationsMechanics: ensure the same level of accuracy over a broad range of operating conditions (temperature, humidity,

With months (years?) of testing against reference cup anemometry across different sites and atmospheric conditions

You accumulate a large knowledge base on the behavior, strenghs and weaknesses of your system

You know its limitsYou can improve it and push it to its limits (as there is always a trade-off

between your design, its cost and its performances)

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Brief overview of several different measurement campaigns

The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI)Comparison up to 200mMeasurement of very strong shear and direction change with height

Beijing Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP)Measurement up to 200m inside Beijing City (urban conditions)

Deutsche WindGuard GmbHFlat terrain in north Germany135m met mastClass 1 reference cup anemometers, regularly calibratedSeveral WindcubesTM production units deployed

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1 week of measurement at KNMI: the site

KNMI 220m met tower (left) and WindcubeTM seen from the tower’s top (right picture)

• Cabauw, The Netherlands.• 1 week – 24 to 30 August 2007 all data included, no filtering• Reference heights for comparison: 40m, 80m, 140m, 200m.• WindcubeTM scanning cone angle: 30 .• 10 different heights in the range 40 – 220m.• Lidar data output frequency: 0.5 Hz.

Lidar

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1 week of measurement at KNMI: the results

40m 200m

• Results summary:

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KNMI measurement campaign: focus on bad weather conditions (1/2)

• strong wind shear and wind veer combined with low level clouds and rain

Night Day

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KNMI measurement campaign: focus on bad weather conditions (2/2)

Night Day

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1 week of measurement at IAP: the site

• Beijing City, Public Republic of China.• 1 week – December 2007 all data included, no filtering• Reference heights for comparison: 40m, 80m, 140m, 200m.• WindcubeTM scanning cone angle: 30 .• 10 different heights in the range 40 – 220m.• Lidar data output frequency: 0.5 Hz.

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1 week of measurement at IAP: the results

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Deutsche WindGuard Lidar test station

Refer to: A. Albers et al.: “Comparison of Lidars, German test station for remote wind sensing devices”, presentation at DEWEK 2008, Bremen, Germany, November 2008.

135m mast equipped with cup anemometers and 3D sonic anemometers

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Deutsche WindGuard: comparison results

Very good correlation with almost no offset

Good correlation despite completely different measurement process see Ribstein et al. poster at EWEC2009 conference: Simulation of Heterodyne Pulsed Lidar: Effect of measurement process on average wind speed and turbulence measurement

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Deutsche WindGuard: reproductibility test

Same behavior: good manufacturing reproducibilityRemaining signal processing issue corrected since the test was performed (see

A.Albers paper for more details)

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Research activities on complex terrain

Refer to M.Boquet presentation, CLRC 2009Refer to F.Bingöl presentation, EWEC 2009

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Remaining challenges

Technological challenges:Optoelectronics reliability in the field

Fluid dynamics challenges:Better understand the effect of volume and time averaging on standard deviation measurementUnderstand, predict and correct differences with cup anemometry in complex terrainShear and turbulences effects on wind turbines efficiency

Operational challenges:Shocks and vibrations during transportAll-weather operation (snow, rain, storms, scorching heat…)Remote power supply

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Axane WindcubeTM power pack

H2 fuel cell based solutionUp to 3 months operation without refillingSilent and clean energy solutionCan be complemented by solar panels and small wind turbine

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50+ WINDCUBES DEPLOYED AROUND THE WORLD SINCE DEC’07

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Thank you,

Any questions ?

Documents

WindcubeTM Pulsed lidar wind profiler · 2009. 12. 1. · 25/06/2009 – 15th CLRC – Toulouse, France. 1 week of measurement at IAP: the site • Beijing City, Public Republic of