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Japanese-German Workshop on Renewable Energies, 1-4 March 2016, Tokyo
Wind powered Thermal Energy Systems – Opportunities from a holistic system’s perspective and
comparison of concepts for room heating
Karl-Kiên Cao, Alejandro Nitto, Dr. Yvonne Scholz Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics German Aerospace Center (DLR) [email protected]
Future Trend • Aim: residual load covering • Measure:
• adapting power generation • adapting power consumption
0100200300400500600700
8 10 12 14 16 18
P
t
0100200300400500600700
8 10 12 14 16 18
P
t
Past • Aim: load covering • Measure: adapting power generation
0100200300400500600700
8 10 12 14 16 18
P
t
Motivation: Challenges in RE-dominated Systems
> Karl-Kien Cao > WTES - Opportunities from a holistic system's perspective and comparison of concepts for room heating > 03.03.2016 DLR.de • Chart 2
State-of-the-art concepts
> Karl-Kien Cao > WTES - Opportunities from an wholistic system's perspective and comparison of concepts for room heating > 03.03.2016 DLR.de • Chart 3
Dispatchable renewables
Cross-sectoral energy supply
Hybrid power plants
Wind powered thermal energy systems
www.enertrag.com
Theoretical Concept of WTES
An Overview
> Karl-Kien Cao > WTES - Opportunities from an wholistic system's perspective and comparison of concepts for room heating > 03.03.2016 DLR.de • Chart 4
General Characteristics
> Karl-Kien Cao > WTES - Opportunities from an wholistic system's perspective and comparison of concepts for room heating > 03.03.2016 DLR.de • Chart 5
Heat Generation & Storage
Heat Eletricity
Wind Energy Conveter
WTES
Supply
Heat Generation & Storage
General Characteristics
> Karl-Kien Cao > WTES - Opportunities from an wholistic system's perspective and comparison of concepts for room heating > 03.03.2016 DLR.de • Chart 6
On-Site Heat Generation
Electricity Generation
Indirect Heat Generation
Heat Transmission
Electricity Transmission
Kinetic energy of rotation
Heat Storage
Heat SupplyEletricity Supply
HT LT
Electricity Generation
Solar energy
Solar Field Heat Transmission
Heat SupplyEletricity Supply
HT LT
Electricity Generation
Heat Storage
Solar energy
Solar Field
Photovoltaics Indirect Heat Generation
Heat Transmission
Electricity Transmission
Heat SupplyEletricity Supply
HT LT
Electricity Generation
Heat Storage
Switching the resource…
> Karl-Kien Cao > WTES - Opportunities from an wholistic system's perspective and comparison of concepts for room heating > 03.03.2016 DLR.de • Chart 7
Another Hybrid Power Plant?
> Karl-Kien Cao > WTES - Opportunities from an wholistic system's perspective and comparison of concepts for room heating > 03.03.2016 DLR.de • Chart 8
Kinetic energy of rotation
On-Site Heat Generation
Electricity Generation
Indirect Heat Generation
Heat Transmission
Electricity Transmission
Heat SupplyEletricity Supply
HT LT
Electricity Generation
Heat Storage
Solar energy
WTES for room heating
An economic comparison
> Karl-Kien Cao > WTES - Opportunities from an wholistic system's perspective and comparison of concepts for room heating > 03.03.2016 DLR.de • Chart 9
Objectives
> Karl-Kien Cao > WTES - Opportunities from an wholistic system's perspective and comparison of concepts for room heating > 03.03.2016 DLR.de • Chart 10
1. Technically feasible WTES for room heating
2. Cost estimation using commercially available components
5 Heat Generation Concepts
> Karl-Kien Cao > WTES - Opportunities from an wholistic system's perspective and comparison of concepts for room heating > 03.03.2016 DLR.de • Chart 11
E-Machine E-Boiler
E-Machine E-Heat Pump
Mechanical Heat Pump
Hydrodynamic Retarder
Retarder Absorbtion Heat Pump
Kinetic energy of rotation
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
+
+
+
Heat Storage
Heat Supply
100°C
3 System Sizes
> Karl-Kien Cao > WTES - Opportunities from an wholistic system's perspective and comparison of concepts for room heating > 03.03.2016 DLR.de • Chart 12
Small Medium Large
1 House 500 Houses 5.000 Houses
www.windindustrie-in-deutschland.de www.enercon.de www.enercon.de
Levelized cost of energy (heat)
I: Capital expenditures (CAPEX) M: Operational expenditures (OPEX) F: Fuel expenditures = 0 E: Annaul thermal energy generated r: Discount rate = 0.05 n: Lifespan of the project = 20 yr
Methodology
• DLR TT Energy Systems Analysis • Nitto, Alejandro N. • Wind powered Thermal Energy Systems (WTES) • February 29th, 2016 DLR.de • Chart 13
( )
( )∑
∑
=
=
+
+
++
=n
ii
i
n
ii
iii
rE
rFMI
LCOE
1
1
1
1Component Share
Engineering and Construction 25%
Tower 22.08% Rotor 22.42% Main Frame 2.35% Gearbox 10.84% Generator 2.89% Yaw System 1.05% Pitch System 2.23% Power Converter 4.21% Transformer 3.01% Break System 1.11% Nacelle Housing 1.13% Cables 0.81% Screws 0.87%
Cost Breakdown • e.g.: Wind Energy Converters
Typical Capacity Factors
> Karl-Kien Cao > WTES - Opportunities from an wholistic system's perspective and comparison of concepts for room heating > 03.03.2016 DLR.de • Chart 14
0.36
0.45 0.36 0.49
0.35
0.28
0.18
0.30
IRENA Global Atlas, Wind Speed
Results I: Average LCOEHeat
> Karl-Kien Cao > WTES - Opportunities from an wholistic system's perspective and comparison of concepts for room heating > 03.03.2016 DLR.de • Chart 15
0
5
10
15
20
25
0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50LC
OE
[c€/
kWh]
Capacity Factor
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50
LCO
E [c
€/kW
h]
Capacity Factor WEC+EB WEC+eHPWEC+mHP WEC+RETWEC+RET+AHP Gas Boiler
1) 3) 5)
2) 4)
Results II: Cost sensitivity
> Karl-Kien Cao > WTES - Opportunities from an wholistic system's perspective and comparison of concepts for room heating > 03.03.2016 DLR.de • Chart 16
05
101520253035404550556065707580
0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
LCO
E [c
€/kW
hHEA
T]
Capacity Factor EB eHP mHP RET AHP
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45
LCO
E [c
€/kW
hHEA
T]
Capacity Factor EB eHP mHP RET AHP
Results III: Large scaled Systems
> Karl-Kien Cao > WTES - Opportunities from an wholistic system's perspective and comparison of concepts for room heating > 03.03.2016 DLR.de • Chart 17
Heat Generation & Storage
Wind Energy Conveter
CF: 0.15
CF: 0.4
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
LCO
E [c
€/kW
h]
Distance [km]
Retarder (CMin) Retarder (CMax) Wood Chip Boiler Gas Boiler
WTES…
… are versatile
… can be competitive for room heat supply
Conclusions
> Karl-Kien Cao > WTES - Opportunities from an wholistic system's perspective and comparison of concepts for room heating > 03.03.2016 DLR.de • Chart 18
1. Hourly analysis
2. Placing and dimensioning of storage
?
3. Electricity generation and co-generation
4. System integration
Outlook
> Karl-Kien Cao > WTES - Opportunities from an wholistic system's perspective and comparison of concepts for room heating > 03.03.2016 DLR.de • Chart 19
Wind Energy Conveter
Heat Generation & Storage
Thank you very much!
Questions?
> Karl-Kien Cao > WTES - Opportunities from an wholistic system's perspective and comparison of concepts for room heating > 03.03.2016 DLR.de • Chart 20
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