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Wind Power in Germany
Kai Schlegelmilch
German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear SafetyDivision: Hydropower, Wind Energy, Grid Integration
Berlin, Germany
Wind Power in Germany – Kai Schlegelmilch WWEC 2008 in Kingston/Canada, 25th June 2008 1/19
Contribution of renewable energy sources to energy supply in Germany 2000 - 2007
2.1
3.5
0.2
3.1
4.8
approx. 8.4
approx. 7.0approx. 6.5
approx. 14.0
approx. 6.6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Share of RE in total PEC Share of RE in total grosselectricity consumption
Share of RE in total FEC forheat
Share of RE in fuelconsumption for road
traffic
Share of RE in total FEC(electricity, heat, fuels)
[%]
1998 2000 2002
2006 2007
RE - renew able energies, PEC - primary energy consumption, FEC - f inal energy consumption1) For calculating the share of PEC, the (off icial) physical energy content method has been used. A calculation based on the substitution method leads to an approximately 2% higher share of renew ables. Source: BMU according to AGEE-Stat; all f igures provisional
1)
Wind Power in Germany – Kai Schlegelmilch WWEC 2008 in Kingston/Canada, 25th June 2008 3/19
2006 2007
approx. 100 approx.110
[Mio. t]
CO2 reduction through the use of renewable energy sources
Source: BMU according to AGEE-Stat; all figures provisional
This adds up to almost 15% of Germany’s greenhouse gas emissions.
Wind Power in Germany – Kai Schlegelmilch WWEC 2008 in Kingston/Canada, 25th June 2008 5/19
Saved costs due to increasing share of wind power
• External costs of environmental damagesfrom e.g. coal power plants
• External costs of radioactive damages(extraction, operation of plants and waste disposal)
• Reduced costs of the general electricity price due to wind power coming in when demand is high – since it costs only 9.02 Euro-Cent/kWh (merit-order-effect)
This is often cheaper than the price on the electricity exchange tradingplace - for Ontario it is the IESO (Independent Electricity System Operator) In Germany the merit-order-effect amounted to 5 billion Euro p.a. reducedBill for households and industry
Wind Power in Germany – Kai Schlegelmilch WWEC 2008 in Kingston/Canada, 25th June 2008 6/19
Employees in the renewable energy sources sectorin Germany
3,400
9,500
56,800
63,900
4,300
9,400
95,400
82,100
25,100
1,800
40,200
4,200
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000 110,000
Jobs funded by the public /non-profit sectors
Geothermal energy
Hydropower
Solar energy
Biomass
Wind energy
2006: approx. 235,600 employees
2004: approx. 160,500 employees
Sources: BMU "Renew able energy: Gross employment 2006, f inal reprot of the proposal " Effect of increased use of renew able energies on the German labour market - Follow up" Version: September 2007
Wind Power in Germany – Kai Schlegelmilch WWEC 2008 in Kingston/Canada, 25th June 2008 7/19
Renewable Energy Sources Act(Feed-In-Tariff = FIT(s) for the
Future)• Priority connections to grid systems for such plants • Electricity generated in this way to be purchased and
transmitted as a priority • Feed-in-tariffs have to be paid by the grid owner
guaranteed for 20 years• Only for newly installed plants fees are decreased to
reflect cost reductions due to the economies of scale and technological progress
• Nationwide equalisation of additional costs for renewables
= UNIQUE: PERFECT investment certainty for 20 years!
Wind Power in Germany – Kai Schlegelmilch WWEC 2008 in Kingston/Canada, 25th June 2008 8/19
Role of the Ministry for the Environment in Germany
• Task/Responsibility sharing within the German Government
• In many governments: Ministry of Economic Affairs in charge of energy politics
• The same in Germany until end of 2002• End 2002: BMU/MoE took over the responsibility at
least for all renewable energy sources• Ever since we have become the drivers of success
and determine the speed of increase of renewables
Wind Power in Germany – Kai Schlegelmilch WWEC 2008 in Kingston/Canada, 25th June 2008 9/19
Enercon E-112
Repower 5M
Multibrid M5000
Installed power
4.5 - 6 MW 5 MW 5 MW
Hub height 124 m 120 m 102,6 m
Rotor diameter 114 m 126 m 116 m
Swept Area 10,207 m² 12,469 m² 10,568 m²
Cutting-edge Technology in Wind Energy
Wind Power in Germany – Kai Schlegelmilch WWEC 2008 in Kingston/Canada, 25th June 2008 11/19
Development of Energy Supplyfrom Wind Energy
1,800
15,859
25,50926,500
18,859
2,2003,000
4,489
94067023014040
10,509
5,528
7,550
0,000
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
[GW
h/a
]
0,000
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
[MW
]
Electricity generation Capacity
Implementation of the "100 MW Wind Programme"(since 1991: "250 MW Wind")
Entry into force of the Electricity Feed Act (StrEG*)
Entry into force of the EEG**
* Act on the Sale of Electricity to the Grid** Renewable Energy Sources Act
Entry into force of the revised EEG**
Wind Power in Germany – Kai Schlegelmilch WWEC 2008 in Kingston/Canada, 25th June 2008 12/19
Future Development of Wind Energyuntil 2020
• Onshore– Repowering: replacement of older wind turbines by modern
ones– min. 23,600 MW estimated
• Offshore– first offshore wind farms in 2008– especially “testing field” in North Sea (≥ 12 x 5 MW)– min. 12,000 MW estimated– according to Offshore-Strategy of German Government
20,000-25,000 MW in 2025-2030
• Total– min. 35,600 MW estimated– around 85 TWh generated
Wind Power in Germany – Kai Schlegelmilch WWEC 2008 in Kingston/Canada, 25th June 2008 13/19
EEG - possible Prospects
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
[Billion kWh/a]
Hydropower EEG Wind onshoreWind offshore Biomass EEGPhotovoltaics Geothermal energyRES-Electricity not paid for by EEG Electricity paid for by EEG (Prognosis)
Wind Power in Germany – Kai Schlegelmilch WWEC 2008 in Kingston/Canada, 25th June 2008 14/19
Get FIT for the future: Revised FIT for D!
• FIT standing not only for the fitness of governance and society, but also for the Feed-in-tariff-systems:
• Revision of the German FIT to enter into force in 2009, adopted by Parliament on 06.06.2008
• Two major elements for wind following our political priorities:1. Repowering 2. Offshore
• To attract investors (valid from 2009):• Onshore: (from now 8.03 to) 9.2 Euro-Cents (decreased by
1% every year for new installations).• Repowering: Increased feed in tariff of 0.5 Euro-Cent/kWh
for substitution of at least 10 years old plants, if new capacity is at least a twofold and maximum a fivefold increase.
• Offshore: 13+2 (until end 2015) – more if further out than 12 sea miles and the deeper the site is located
Wind Power in Germany – Kai Schlegelmilch WWEC 2008 in Kingston/Canada, 25th June 2008 15/19
Thank you for your attention!
www.bmu.de
www.erneuerbare-energien.de
www.feed-in-cooperation.org
Wind Power in Germany – Kai Schlegelmilch WWEC 2008 in Kingston/Canada, 25th June 2008 20/19
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