Wind Energy Services Statement of Qualifications

Wind Energy Services Statement of Qualifications Exponent, Inc. 03/14

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Contents

Page

Company Profile 3 

Exponent Overview 5 

Service Areas for the Wind Energy Industry 8 

Engineering Management Consulting 8 

Electrical Systems 9 

Transmission and EMF 9 

Environmental / Biological Sciences 9 

Mechanics & Materials 10 

Rotor Aerodynamics 10 

Industrial Structures 10 

Human Health 11 

Meteorological Modeling 11 

Our Team 12 

Summary of Wind Turbine Expertise 14 

Development Planning and Siting 14 

Construction 16 

Operation and Troubleshooting 16 

Consultants 19 

Contact Information 29 

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Company Profile

Exponent (formerly Failure Analysis Associates) is a scientific and engineering consulting firm that provides solutions to complex technical problems. We are recognized worldwide as a leader in providing engineering, environmental and health consulting services. Our multidisciplinary team of scientists, engineers, and business consultants performs in-depth research and analysis in more than 90 technical disciplines. Exponent also operates metallurgical laboratories in five offices and one of the largest independently owned indoor and outdoor test facilities in the United States. Exponent is certified to ISO 9001, and all Exponent work products are subjected to a quality assurance review, which requires independent verification of analysis and test procedures and results. More information can be found on our web site at www.exponent.com.

Since its inception in 1967, Exponent has received recognition for assisting clients with their most important challenges. We have been involved in all sectors of the energy field including wind, solar, oil and gas, hydropower, fossil-fueled and nuclear power plants. We have also investigated most of the major industry crises that have taken place around the world and have garnered media coverage including the Piper Alpha explosion in the North Sea; the World Trade Center disaster and numerous environmental, health and design defect claims against multi-national corporations. Most of our work centers on helping clients with their technical issues in support of their businesses and development of new solutions.

Exponent entered the energy consulting business in 1974, when the firm, then known as Failure Analysis Associates, was selected to provide technical support to the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in the areas of structural integrity, materials behavior, and life prediction. Exponent has been active in the wind energy consulting business since the 1980s, when we were retained to investigate various engineering aspects at a large wind farm in California.

Since then, the firm has entered into commercial services, instrument manufacturing, engineering evaluations, and environmental, health, and materials risk assessment in direct support of electric utilities and original equipment manufacturers. We continue to rank among the largest consulting firms in the number of projects we have performed in the areas of energy generation and power plant component remaining-life assessments and failure investigations.

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In addition, we have invested our own funds in developing advanced services and equipment for power plant maintenance, asset management, and failure prevention.

Exponent is currently developing programs to evaluate the implications of siting wind farms at land-based and offshore sites. These programs focus on environmental factors such as suitability of the site from a physical and geological standpoint, transmission lines and sub-sea cables, and possible implications for wildlife with an emphasis on birds and mammals. Exponent is also working on methods for dissuading birds from utilizing onshore and offshore platforms.

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Exponent Overview

Exponent offers unparalleled multi-disciplinary strategic development, and operational and rapid troubleshooting response expertise, to address the complex business, engineering, and scientific problems that arise in wind projects. We provide our clients with a team of business, engineering, construction, environmental, risk, and health specialists that is unique in the industry, because our expertise covers all aspects of wind energy development, from strategic siting assessment, to permitting, engineering design and monitoring, environmental review, and evaluation and sophisticated troubleshooting. By combining the methods of component and system condition assessment with reliability analysis and economic optimization, Exponent helps utilities reduce costs and increase productivity. Exponent’s technical depth and breadth have allowed us to resolve many different types of technical problems experienced by the wind energy industry.

Furthermore, Exponent’s experience in failure analysis allows us to leverage a full team of technical consultants in a range of fields to quickly and accurately identify the root cause of a failure. Exponent has gained a worldwide reputation for our ability to mobilize resources expeditiously and efficiently, integrate a broad array of technical disciplines, and provide valuable insight that is objective and withstands rigorous scrutiny.

The value that Exponent brings to its clients faced with the rapidly evolving wind energy area includes:

Power generation, transmission, and distribution regulatory, systems, and operational knowledge

Deep, functional knowledge of engineering fundamentals: mechanical, structural, metallurgical, material, chemical, electrical, and economic

Wind turbine design reviews covering the aerodynamics, electronics, controls, and grid issues

Expertise to solve complex health and environmental issues in permitting; Exponent has testified at several wind farm permit hearings

Environmental, social, and public health impact and risk management capability, including EMF, acoustics, and aesthetics

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Fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, and acoustics analyses

Feasibility analyses, site selection (including geotechnical assessments), and wind resource assessment based on large-scale data harvesting and numerical modeling

Convergence of our skills in risk, reliability, and vulnerability analyses to identify and resolve potential issues

Assessments of testing programs, failure analysis and prevention, and remaining-life assessments

Evaluation of subsystems and components, including turbine engine components, generators, rotor blade aerodynamics, transmissions, bearings, rotating machinery, gear boxes, hydraulics, pressure vessels, and piping

Instrumentation, monitoring, and evaluation of a wide range of mechanical, electrical, and thermal systems

Proven success in high-profile projects

Organizational assessment, change management, and business startup expertise

Expertise in technical and business facets of the energy system and markets, providing a one-stop shop for support in this critical area

Evaluating and managing the unique challenges of offshore wind platforms and operations.

We can assist utilities, wind energy developers, transmission developers, and investors with all steps in a wind power project from the project feasibility stage thorough commercial operations. Exponent’s overall energy management approach includes three steps: situational assessment, detailed implementation plan and budget/business case preparation, and plan execution. By completing these steps, our team ensures that an energy project is viable and the path to development is clearly charted.

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The remainder of this document focuses on introducing the core practice areas that support wind power development projects, providing an overview of the team and summarizing their capabilities.

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Service Areas for the Wind Energy Industry

Exponent is unique because of the depth of expertise available within the firm. The service areas that collaborate on wind energy development projects are summarized in the figure below, and capabilities within each are summarized below.

Engineering Management Consulting

Exponent’s veteran energy-industry staff have hands-on technical and managerial experience, including but not limited to the areas of technical/equipment assessments, organizational assessment, process and procedure development, change management, regulatory support, environmental assessments, climate change evaluations, energy economics, corrective action plans, financial transaction support, maintenance and construction advisory services, risk management, and business startup activities. In addition, through its alliance partners, Exponent is able to provide transmission system analysis and market assessments using proven industry models.

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Electrical Systems

Exponent has worked closely with electric utilities in matters related to power generation, distribution, and transmission. These studies and investigations range from line-siting studies to the failure and root-cause analysis of major electrical equipment issues. Exponent has the expertise needed to analyze complex problems associated with wind turbine systems such as special electrical generators, power electronic systems in control systems and electrical systems needed to interface to the electric power systems. Our electrical staff has expertise in both AC and DC transmission systems.

Transmission and EMF

A major issue facing energy developers is the siting and permitting of overhead or submarine transmission lines to connect generators to the grid. Addressing public and regulatory concerns about potential impacts of electric and magnetic fields (EMF) on human health and wildlife requires specialized expertise in exposure assessment, epidemiology, toxicology, and biology. Our scientists and engineers have addressed EMF issues in the permitting of offshore and onshore wind farms, solar systems, and submarine cables in freshwater and ocean environments.

Environmental / Biological Sciences

Exponent’s ecologists and environmental scientists have expertise in conducting detailed site assessments accounting for wildlife in all habitat types to support the permitting of complex energy developments. Our assessments have been used in pre- and post-construction monitoring of birds, bats, and endangered species to assess the viability of potential sites and ensure compliance once constructed. In addition to the assessments and working closely with our site team, our environmental and ecological scientists develop site-specific management strategies that include specific technologies to minimize wildlife harm. These efforts have been supported using the Avian Risk of Collision (ARC) Model, a patented technique for avian risk assessment. ARC has been used to measure potential collision risk to threatened and endangered birds including roseate terns, Hawaiian petrels, piping plover, Newells shearwater, Nene goose, bald eagles, and golden eagles.

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Mechanics & Materials

Exponent’s metallurgists, polymer and corrosion scientists, electrochemists, and ceramists have many years of experience in the prevention and analysis of material failures. As a result of this close familiarity with all types of materials, our scientists and engineers have a unique ability to provide advice on avoiding problems early in the design cycle, when materials are being selected. Exponent consultants evaluate current or potential designs to determine vulnerabilities before failures occur, develop appropriate mitigation methods, and provide post-failure investigations. Our projects range from modeling fluid flow characteristics in a system, to predicting the remaining lifetime of structures and components, to establishing design and operating envelopes for processes and technologies.

Rotor Aerodynamics

As the wind is the “fuel” for generating electricity in the wind energy market, it is essential to ensure that a future wind farm is properly maximizing its wind resource before the first turbine even goes up. Exponent staff have expertise in fluid mechanics and provide guidance on rotor design as well as the siting of turbines within a farm to maximize power production and project profitability. We perform computational fluid dynamics simulations to analyze effects such as fluid-structure interactions to improve overall performance and investigate failures. Exponent engineers also have analyzed alternative rotor designs, including vertical axis rotors, shrouded rotors, and flexible blades.

Industrial Structures

Exponent’s structural engineers provide expertise in the assessment of tower designs, including the evaluation and management of defects in steel tube and steel lattice towers; defects in wind-energy plant extensions, construction work, and periodic inspections; and inventory and bearing capacity analyses of existing towers. In addition, our engineers provide expertise in the calculation and design of reinforcement measurements for towers; creation of specifications for maintenance and extension measurements; inspection and assessment of occupational safety equipment; and development of detailed design of extensions for existing towers.

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Human Health

Exponent has toxicologists, health risk assessors, epidemiologists, and physicians with a broad range of expertise that can be applied as needed to assess health-related questions ranging from, for example, air emissions during construction to sound-related health questions. Our health scientists have addressed a range of public health issues and assisted in wind-turbine hearings or public meetings in nine states.

Meteorological Modeling

Our meteorological consultants have applied prognostic numerical weather prediction models and diagnostic meteorological models for many years. These models have been used to determine the feasibility of wind power generation, or to provide wind forecasts for yacht races. The models applied include the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, the Mesoscale Meteorological (MM5) model, and The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) used in Australia. For example, meteorological modeling has been used by our atmospheric staff as the basis for automated, real-time, and forecast weather systems that have been implemented for industrial clients worldwide.

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Our Team

With more than 600 degreed technical professionals, and more than 350 who have earned an M.D. or Ph.D., Exponent has the breadth and depth of expertise to assist with almost any investigation. Exponent has offices located around the world, including international offices in the United Kingdom, Germany, Switzerland, and China. Below is a summary list of our key technical staff with particular expertise in the wind power industry. Biographies of selected leaders of the team are provided at the end of this document. Consultant Relevant Experience James Bailey, Ph.D., P.E. Wind and structural engineering,

natural hazard risk assessment of wind power plants

William Bailey, Ph.D. Energy transmission effects assessment Jim Edmonds, Ph.D., P.E. Electrical engineering Andreas Harling, Dipl.-Ing Tower structural engineering and

failure assessment Mark Johns, Ph.D., P.G., L.G. 30 years of offshore experience with

geophysical exploration, sediment sampling, deep drilling, and marine geotechnique issues

Harri Kytomaa, Ph.D., P.E., CREI, CFI

Fluid mechanics, aerodynamics and acoustics, fires, explosions, and thermal sciences

John Loud, P.E. Electrical engineering, fires, explosions, and thermal sciences

Charles Menzie, Ph.D. Ecological assessment, causal analysis, and risk management

Piotr D. Moncarz, Ph.D., P.E., S.C.P.M.

Civil engineering with focus on reinforced and prestressed concrete, the study of concrete distress and cracking due to material problems and adverse conditions

Timothy L. Morse, Ph.D., P.E., CFEI

Engineering analysis and experimental testing of thermal and flow processes and equipment such as wind turbines, fluid mechanics, fluid-structure interaction, flow-induced vibration, fire and explosion investigation.

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Consultant Relevant Experience

Stephen Mudge, Ph.D. Benthic ecology and forensic chemistry; expertise in Irish Sea benthic assemblages

Stig Nilsson, P.E. Electrical engineering, transmission assessment, and failure analysis

John Osteraas, Ph.D., P.E. Structural engineering, performance assessment, foundation evaluation

Mark A. Roberts, M.D., Ph.D., FACOEM

Public health expertise in environmental health issues; responses to health-related questions related to siting and operation of wind farms

Joseph S. Scire, CCM Design, development, and application of research and regulatory air quality models

Svetlana Semenova, M.S. Applied economics, environmental and energy economics, statistics, risk management, regulatory impact analysis and cost benefit analysis

Ginger Turner, Ph.D., P.E., CFEI

Electrical engineering, power semiconductor devices, failure analysis, and fire and explosion investigations

Robert W. Whittlesey, Ph.D., CFEI

Turbine aerodynamic analysis, turbine siting, turbine design review.

W. Theodore Wickwire, MFS

Spatially explicit wildlife vulnerability assessment, ecological assessment and project management, exposure modeling

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Summary of Wind Turbine Expertise

The Exponent team serving wind energy includes first-hand experience with the construction, operation, and maintenance of power plants and their components, and with the investigation of issues such as availability and reliability related to generating plants, as well as the technical issues unique to wind turbine technology (e.g., electrical generator performance, over-speed failure, composite materials, hydraulic leakage, tribology, etc.). This expertise extends to complex ecological monitoring, permitting, and endangered species studies and human health evaluations.

Exponent has evaluated hundreds of equipment failures for the power generation industries, spanning a wide range of component types, including steam generators, reactor pressure vessels, reactor coolant pump and pump seals, diesel generators, valves, piping, electric generators, and turbines. This project background and our specific experience with wind turbines has enabled us to bring a wealth of engineering understanding to bear on various technical problems in the wind power generation industry. Exponent is routinely retained to examine the design, materials, manufacturing, and operational issues involved in wind turbines and similar equipment.

Our engineers provide support throughout the lifetime of wind turbines, including the selection of potential sites, permitting and construction, long-term maintenance, monitoring and troubleshooting, and root-cause analysis when failures occur.

Development Planning and Siting

Wind energy site selection presents a unique set of multidisciplinary challenges. Whether assessing the meteorological data, determining if the economics are favorable, or evaluating potential site development hurdles before money is invested, Exponent can provide the insights to help ensure that a site will meet the investment goals. Because all of the consultants are full-time employees of Exponent, communication and collaboration are efficient and effective.

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Examples of the specific expertise that we can provide are listed below:

Evaluate the actual wind resource

Estimate the potential economic return

Assess any avian or other wildlife effects, including extensive aquatic and wildlife expertise

Produce a visual assessment of all sites to be developed

Conduct an acoustic study for all sites

Confirm wind resources through measurements

Address health-related questions related to the technology

Produce a short list of potential sites

Host community/stakeholder presentations

Develop a detailed business plan for each site

Project Examples

Natural Hazard Risk Assessment—Exponent has performed natural hazard risk assessments for wind farms operated in North America. The purpose of the assessments is to quantify the existing risks to the power generation facilities by estimating the Probable Maximum Loss in support of financing, insurance, and risk mitigation decisions. Because an operator may also experience loss of income because of damage to wind turbines, buildings, and equipment, these assessments also provide an estimate of downtime associated with various types of facility damage.

Marine Impacts of Offshore Wind-Farm Export Cables—Exponent led the exposure and impact assessment for the permitting of a proposed North American installation.

Health Reviews of Turbine Facilities and Electric Interconnection—Exponent has provided written declarations and in-person testimony before boards and commissions. We addressed health concerns and claims of adverse health effects, in addition to providing background information about “noise” and EMF levels and applicable medical and scientific research.

Ecological Site Screening Tool—Exponent completed the development of a site screening tool for assessing the vulnerability of bats to collisions with proposed wind farms.1 The model relies on probabilistic approaches to simulate bat behavior and evaluate the collision potential based on a number of user-defined scenarios. The project is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy.

1 Note: the release of beta Version 1 occurred in August 2013.

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Construction

Once a site has been identified, permits must be obtained, designs require review, connections must be made, and the turbines must be transported and assembled. Exponent engineers provide expertise during the construction phase. Of particular importance during construction is troubleshooting issues that arise, to ensure that projects are not delayed.

Construction-phase expertise includes the following examples:

Engage power engineers to work up power designs

Engage power engineer to specify the interconnection plan

Model EMF from interconnection

Evaluate potential risks from subsea cables

Negotiate/finalize the power purchase agreements (PPA)

Secure permits and other approvals

Coordinate stakeholder/community support

Review final design specifications

Review project financing

Monitor and assess equipment operation

Develop repower and/or decommissioning plans

Project Example

Ecological Assessment of Transmission Lines—Exponent avian ecologists have quantified risk to wading birds at several alternative transmission routes through the Everglades. Risk data was used to select the route that minimized power line and collision risk, as well risk of electrocution.

Operation and Troubleshooting

Once turbines are operating, issues may arise. For example, evidence of the potential influence of the facility on wildlife or humans may become available, or a component of the development, such as base grout or steel welds, may show unexpected wear. Storm events may result in potential damage. Exponent consultants are trained to respond rapidly to engineering and environmental emergencies by identifying the source of concern, developing strategies to manage the issue, and overseeing adjustments or repairs.

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Operational-phase expertise includes, for example:

Structural assessment and repair

Stressor assessment and mitigation

Turbine operational review

Wildlife assessment and dissuasion

Review and update of management and service plans

Root cause analysis of turbine failure or component failure

Project Examples

Failure of Yaw Control Mechanism – Exponent conducted an investigation of the failure of the yaw control mechanism of a shrouded wind turbine due to Hurricane Irene. The research and development turbine included a large shroud surrounding the typical three-bladed design, which was designed to improve the energy output of the wind turbine. The cause of the failure was determined to be a higher than expected wind-induced torque.

Repair of Fire-Damaged Turbine – Exponent analyzed a composite wind turbine near Banning, California, which had been damaged by in-service fire. In addition to providing consultation regarding reparability, Exponent developed a test protocol to help ensure that the repair process adequately removed the heat- and fire-damaged material before the repair material was applied. Exponent recommended testing polyester resin material from the rotor with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), a technique commonly used to identify degradation in polymers.

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Electrical Fire of Wind Turbine Generator - Exponent performed

an in-depth, root-cause analysis of a wind turbine generator fire that totally consumed the unit. Comprehensive investigation and root-cause analysis resulted in a finding that the fire was electrical in origin.

Multiple Turbine Loss Events - Exponent has investigated two large-loss failures that resulted in fires in 40+ turbines per event. Exponent investigated the event that started each loss, as well as the design deficiency that caused the faults to propagate and involve other turbines. This work involved characterization and testing of transient suppression devices. IEEE C62.41 was relied upon to predict expected transient energy levels for wind turbines. Testimony was provided at mediation for the insured to recover losses.

Over-Speed Failure of Wind Turbine - Exponent investigated an over-speed failure of a 0.9-MW unit in Minnesota. Due to a design or manufacturing defect in the emergency-stop daisy chain, the turbine tripped off line, but the blades failed to feather. With no load, the unit was over speed until the fluid coupling disintegrated.

Investigation of Turbine Dampener Fluid Tanks - Exponent investigated the leakage of turbine dampener fluid tanks at a wind farm in southern Minnesota and the possible impact on corrosion of metallic turbine hub components and the reduced blade dampening capacity and increased blade imbalance, vibration, and fatigue damage. Exponent also investigated issues related to hydraulic hoses, accumulators, overheating due to inadequate ventilation, leakages from bearing seals, gear-box dimensioning, and dust and carbon build-up on slip rings.

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Consultants

James R. Bailey, Ph.D., P.E.

Senior Managing Engineer Buildings & Structures Houston, TX http://www.exponent.com/bob_bailey/#tab_profile

For the past 30 years, Dr. Bailey has provided innovative solutions to the structural engineering challenges of wind energy development. As a Senior Managing Engineer in Exponent’s Building & Structures practice, Bob brings specialized expertise to areas related to wind engineering, construction materials, solid mechanics, dynamics, numerical analysis, structural analysis and design, and materials testing. Dr. Bailey’s primary area of expertise is determining the risk exposure of structures to hazards associated with hurricanes, tornadoes, and flooding. Dr. Bailey has served as a lecturer in the private sector and at the university level on subjects related to wind and petroleum engineering. He is past Chair of the Private Industry Committee of the National Hurricane Conference, and past Chair of the ASCE Petrochemical Wind Load Task Committee. He also served on an API 4F subcommittee assigned to revise specifications and guidelines for determining wind loads on onshore and offshore drilling structures.

William H. Bailey, Ph.D.

Principal Scientist Exposure Assessment & Dose Reconstruction Bowie, MD http://www.exponent.com/william_bailey/#tab_profile

Dr. Bailey specializes in applying state-of-the-art assessment methods to environmental and occupational health issues. With respect to wind energy assessment, he is well known for his research on potential health effects of electromagnetic fields generated along energy transmission lines and has served as an advisor to numerous state, federal, and international agencies. Currently, he is involved in research on exposures to marine life from submarine cables and respiratory exposures to ultrafine and nanoparticles with a focus on the exposures related to energy transmission in both aquatic and terrestrial systems. His 30 years of training and experience include laboratory and epidemiologic research, health risk assessment, and comprehensive exposure analysis. Dr. Bailey has investigated exposures to alternating

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current, direct current, and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, “stray voltage,” and electric shock, as well as to a variety of chemical agents and air pollutants. Dr. Bailey is a visiting scientist at the Cornell University Medical College and has lectured at Rutgers University, the University of Texas (San Antonio), and the Harvard School of Public Health. He was formerly Head of the Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Environmental Toxicology at the New York State Institute for Basic Research, Staten Island, New York, and an Assistant Professor and NIH postdoctoral fellow in Neurochemistry at The Rockefeller University in New York.

James S. Edmonds

Principal Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Bowie, MD http://www.exponent.com/james_edmonds/#tab_profile Mr. Edmonds specializes in evaluating designs, identifying the cause of failures and managing complex operational challenges with respect to power systems and power generation. He focuses on electric rotating machinery. His related project experience includes investigation of wind turbine and large turbine generator performance, control systems and protective relaying methods, and operation and maintenance procedures.

Andreas Harling, Dipl.-Ing.

Principal Engineer Industrial Structures Dusseldorf, Germany http://www.exponent.com/andreas_harling/#tab_profile

Mr. Harling specializes in structural engineering with an emphasis on failure investigations and maintenance activities (inspection, acceptance) of tower structures. His experience includes investigations of flaws and failures in all kinds of concrete towers, prestressed centrifugally concrete masts, and steel masts (lattice and tube). He is also an expert on the special requirements for extending existing tower structures (such as those used at wind power stations) His background includes numerous static calculations, design reviews, and assessments of structural behavior of tower structures using nonlinear static and dynamic analysis techniques.

Mr. Harling’s current doctoral research concerns “Design of centrifugally concrete masts—Close to reality limitation of cracking and deformation,” at the University of Dortmund, Germany. Since 2009, he is also a state-registered expert for antenna carrier structures (publicly appointed and sworn by the “Ingenieurkammer Bau NRW,” March 2009).

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Mark W. Johns, Ph.D., P.G., L.G.

Principal Scientist Environmental Sciences Bellevue, WA http://www.exponent.com/mark_johns/#tab_profile Dr. Mark Johns is an Oceanographer and Principal Scientist in Exponent’s Environmental Sciences practice. With respect to the challenges presented by siting wind power developments he has over 30 years of offshore experience with geophysical exploration, sediment sampling, deep drilling, and marine geotechnical issues in the near- and offshore environments. Dr. Johns has participated in and been a principal investigator on numerous scientific cruises in the Arctic, North Aleutian Basin, Gulf of Mexico, and Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. He Dr. Johns specializes in the fields of geology, groundwater, and geological oceanography. He has been responsible for the technical direction of studies involving mine sites, petrochemical facilities, refineries, pipelines, and manufacturing sites throughout the U.S., South America, Australia, Europe, and the Middle East.

Harri K. Kytömaa, Ph.D., P.E., CFEI, CFI

Corporate Vice President & Practice Director Thermal Sciences Natick, MA http://www.exponent.com/harri_kytomaa/#tab_profile Dr. Kytömaa specializes in mechanical engineering and the influence of flow on structures and rotating machinery such as wind turbines, gas and steam turbines, and compressors. He applies his expertise to the investigation and prevention of failures in mechanical systems, including combustion equipment, and he also investigates fires and explosions to determine their cause and origin.

Dr. Kytömaa investigates such failures in aircraft, motor vehicles, marine facilities, industrial and manufacturing complexes, and office and residential occupancies. He has also provided consultation to the power generation, oil and gas, chemical, pulp and paper, and metal smelting industries. Dr. Kytömaa’s project experience includes turbines, compressors, boilers, smelters, pneumatic and hydraulic systems, instrumentation, nuclear waste management, heat transfer systems, flammable vapors, flammable liquids, CO formation, and migration and cryogenic liquids, including LNG and its associated equipment.

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John D. Loud, P.E., CFEI

Principal Engineer Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Menlo Park, CA http://www.exponent.com/john_loud/#tab_profile

Mr. Loud specializes in electrical engineering issues. With respect to power generation technology such as wind turbines, he investigates incidents involving electrocutions and electric shocks and also addresses issues related to electronic systems, electronic component failures, circuit analysis, and propagating failures. His expertise further includes work with lighting products, rotating electric machines, and secondary battery systems in the area of lithium ion cell testing and protection systems, NiMH, NiCad, and lead-acid charging systems.

Charles A. Menzie, Ph.D.

Principal Scientist & Practice Director EcoSciences Alexandria, VA http://www.exponent.com/charlie_menzie/#tab_profile

Dr. Menzie’s primary areas of expertise include vulnerability assessment, causal analysis of environmental stressors and analysis of environmental fate and effects of physical, biological, and chemical stressors on terrestrial and aquatic systems. He has extensive experience evaluating the environmental effects of platforms in the offshore environment including power generating facilities of all types. He has written numerous environmental reports related to environmental aspects of coastal support facilities for offshore operations. He has specialized expertise on marine communities including fish, benthos, and wildlife. His work also includes the environment, oil and gas operations, fossil fuel and nuclear power plants, alternative energy projects, invasive species, and climate change impacts. With respect to wind energy, he is leading a team that is currently developing a software tool to evaluate potential wind farm sites with respect to the vulnerability of bats. By screening potential sites and regions prior to development, the tool will assist in avoiding often costly and time consuming permitting. He also leads the evaluation of impacts to endangered species from alternative energy developments. He has developed and applied a formal causal-analysis approach for assessing causation in cases of environmental impairment. Often multiple stressors influence wildlife and it is important to understand the range and contributions of stressors before making final development and management decisions. Of great importance to complex alternative energy development projects, he also manages large teams of multi-disciplinary experts efficiently and effectively assuring that the leading experts contribute to final recommendations.

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Piotr D. Moncarz, Ph.D., P.E., S.C.P.M. Corporate Vice President & Principal Engineer Menlo Park, CA http://www.exponent.com/piotr_moncarz/#tab_profile

Dr. Moncarz’s efforts are directed particularly in the energy sector, including assistance in power plant development projects, and in the oil and gas industry in programs implementing risk management in system operations. With a background in civil engineering, Dr. Moncarz has worked in the areas of reinforced and prestressed concrete, the study of concrete distress due to material problems and adverse conditions, cracking of concrete, wood mechanics, steel structures, earthquake engineering and seismic assessments, field and analytical structural failure investigations, structural analyses of transmission towers, and investigations of ship and offshore platform failures. Dr. Moncarz is a Stanford Certified Project Manager skilled at providing means and methods to project and program organization and management. For over 15 years Dr. Moncarz has worked on projects associated with energy. He leads Exponent’s Energy Initiative Program which includes electric power plants, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), oil, natural gas, shale gas, and renewable resources. Dr. Moncarz has conducted energy policy studies focusing on gas for Central Asian Republics and Bangladesh.

Dr. Moncarz serves as a Consulting Professor in the Civil Engineering Department of Stanford University. He is Chairman and Co-Founder of the U.S.-Polish Trade Council of Silicon Valley. Dr. Moncarz also serves on the Board of Directors of the San Francisco Global Trade Council.

Timothy L. Morse, Ph.D., P.E., CFEI Managing Engineer Thermal Sciences Natick, MA http://www.exponent.com/timothy_morse/#tab_profile

Dr. Morse specializes in the engineering analysis and experimental testing of thermal and flow processes and equipment. Dr. Morse has performed analysis on wind farms and investigated failures in wind turbines, and has experience with offshore facilities and structures. Dr. Morse also applies his expertise to the investigation and prevention of fires and explosions. Prior to joining Exponent, Dr. Morse was a researcher in the Fluid Dynamics Research Laboratories at Cornell University, where he conducted research on the wakes of stationary and oscillating structures in a flow. He has performed studies on how flow-induced vibration due to vortex shedding and other phenomena causes fatigue and failure of structures, and has numerous technical publications on the topic.

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Stephen M. Mudge, Ph.D.

Managing Scientist Environmental Sciences Harrogate, UK http://www.exponent.com/stephen_mudge/#tab_profile

With respect to wind power development and assessment, Dr. Mudge focuses on the assessment of marine communities inhabiting areas where wind turbine development has or may in the future occur. Working in the United Kingdom and with experience working in the marine waters of that region, he is well positioned to contribute to the ecological assessment of offshore wind developments. Dr. Mudge has been a practicing environmental scientist for 30 years, gaining his Ph.D. on the development of novel chemicals for use as non-toxic antifouling paint additives. From 1991 to 2008, Dr. Mudge was an academic at Bangor University, School of Ocean Sciences, UK, where he developed the world’s first undergraduate programme in Environmental Forensics. He retains an honorary post at the University and still advises Ph.D. students.

His recent research has examined the relationships between biological assemblages and the physico-chemical drivers that determine the assemblage structure. He has published five peer-reviewed scientific articles on benthic populations and how they might be predicted. More research in the Irish Sea is being conducted through a Ph.D. student.

Stig L. Nilsson, P.E.

Principal Engineer Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Menlo Park, CA http://www.exponent.com/stig_nilsson/#tab_profile

With over 40 years of experience as an electrical engineer, Mr. Nilsson brings a comprehensive expertise in the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of electrical facilities to our wind power capability. His expertise includes the evaluation of accidents involving electric equipment, conducting due diligence related to investments in new technologies and mergers and acquisitions, review of software issues, as well as the management and evaluation of power electronic systems for industrial and electric utility applications, large and small transformers, cables, and breakers. Mr. Nilsson has investigated failures in underground cable vaults, complex faults involving electric utility transmission and distribution systems, and electric equipment performance issues both nationally and internationally.

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Mr. Nilsson has analyzed numerous equipment failures and power system disturbances, including assessing damages and developing restoration strategies after earthquakes and other similar disasters. He was engaged as an expert auditor to assess the utility industry’s readiness for the transition into the year 2000. Mr. Nilsson has also consulted with major corporations on strategic business planning and market analysis and has led development of new power electronic systems used for transmission of power and converters for power quality, distributed generation, or electric drive applications. Mr. Nilsson has served as Executive Vice President of Silicon Power Corporation, Corporate Vice President for Energy Management & Research, Inc., Executive Engineer at EPRI, Program Manager at Boeing Computer Services, Control System and Project Engineer at ABB, and Maintenance Engineer at the Swedish State Telephone Board. Mr. Nilsson served in the military in Sweden as a communications technician.

John D. Osteraas, Ph.D., P.E.

Group Vice President and Principal Engineer Buildings & Structures Menlo Park, CA http://www.exponent.com/john_osteraas/#tab_profile

Dr. Osteraas is responsible for Exponent’s Civil Engineering, Buildings and Structures, and Construction Consulting Practices. He specializes in evaluating the performance of structures under extreme loads, including earthquake, wind, flood, landslide, explosion, high-energy impact, and construction failure. With respect to the wind power, he is an expert in the analysis and design of steel, concrete, and composite structures. He also performs structural safety and damage assessments; structural analysis; soil/sediment/structure interaction studies; and seismic site response assessments; His research has focused on performance of structures under seismic loading and full-scale instrumentation and testing of structures under dynamic loading. His geotechnical engineering expertise extends to foundation and retaining structure analysis and design, slope stability analysis, and analysis of soil/structure interaction. Drawing on his construction experience, he addresses problems of construction failure analysis; design and construction codes and standards; properties, performance, response, and deterioration of construction materials; and repair methodology.

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Mark A. Roberts, M.D., Ph.D., FACOEM

Principal Scientist Occupational & Environmental Health Chicago, IL http://www.exponent.com/mark_roberts/#tab_profile

Dr. Roberts is board certified in Occupational Medicine, a Fellow of the ACOEM, and past member of the College’s Board of Directors (2000–2011). Dr. Roberts has a wide range of experiences in clinical occupational and environmental medicine, as well as epidemiological studies of health concerns in communities and industrial settings. His experience in the area of renewable energy involves participation in public hearings, testimony before governmental bodies, and the preparation of written and oral responses to health-related questions related to siting and operation of wind farms in nine states. In addition, Dr. Roberts has also provided assistance in addressing health questions related to biomass-fueled facilities and participated in public hearings and citizen meetings related to the siting and operations of this process.

Joseph S. Scire, CCM

Principal Scientist Exposure Assessment & Dose Reconstruction Natick, MA http://www.exponent.com/joseph_scire/#tab_profile

Mr. Scire, a meteorologist, has more than 30 years of experience in the design, development, and application of research and regulatory air quality models. He is an expert in the application of weather prediction models for use in evaluating, for example, the viability of a wind power development at different locations. He has also played a major role in the development of several widely used models, including the CALPUFF modeling system, the CALGRID photochemical model, the Buoyant Line and Point Source (BLP) model, the MESOPUFF II mesoscale puff dispersion model, the building downwash algorithm in the Industrial Source Complex (ISC) model, the PRIME building downwash model used in AERMOD, and the FOG cooling-tower model. He has taught more than 75 training courses on the CALPUFF model for government agencies, private industry, and universities in the United States and abroad. He has taught numerous modeling courses for the Air &Waste Management Association (A&WMA) and the Clean Air Society of Australia and New Zealand. He served as a member of the American Meteorological Society Committee on Meteorological Aspects of Air Pollution. He is a member of the Science Advisory Committee (SAC) of the Texas Environmental Research Consortium (TERC) and the A&WMA AB-3 Committee of Meteorology. In 2010, Mr. Scire served as a reviewer for the U.S. National Academy of Sciences on a homeland security risk assessment study.

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Svetlana Semenova, M.S.

Managing Scientist EcoSciences Practice Maynard, MA http://www.exponent.com/svetlana_semenova/#tab_profile

Ms. Semenova has over 12 years of professional experience in conducting economic analyses assessing the impacts of environmental regulations and other policy actions. She specializes in natural resource damage assessment, cost impact, benefits assessment, cost-benefit analysis, regulatory analysis, non-market valuation, and statistical analysis. Ms. Semenova’s areas of expertise include economics of toxic chemicals (mercury, perfluorinated chemicals, lead) contamination; water quality and water use issues; recreational activities; oil spill prevention, preparedness, and response; agriculture and pesticide use; and energy and climate change issues. Ms. Semenova has extensive skills in a variety of areas of natural resource valuation that allow her to conduct assessments of economic liability for damages to natural resources.

Ginger Turner, Ph.D., P.E., CFEI

Senior Engineer Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Atlanta, GA http://www.exponent.com/ginger_turner/

Dr. Turner specializes in electrical engineering issues. With respect to power generation technology such as wind turbines, she investigates failures of power semiconductor devices such as IGBTs as well as fires and explosions suspected of being caused by electrical equipment. She also investigates incidents involving electrocutions and electric shocks. Her experience further includes battery systems. Dr. Turner is OSHA-10, CPR, and First Aide certified. She also has been trained in emergency descent from wind turbines.

Robert W. Whittlesey, Ph.D., CFEI

Associate Thermal Sciences Los Angeles, CA http://www.exponent.com/robert_whittlesey/

Dr. Whittlesey’s areas of expertise include fluid mechanics, heat transfer, thermodynamics, propulsion, and wind energy. He has experience in conducting design review and siting for wind turbines, in addition to being a co-inventor on a patent application regarding maximizing power output of a wind farm via careful turbine configuration. Dr. Whittlesey is experienced in using a combination of theory, experiments, and field measurements in order to analyze and predict fluid flows.

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W. Theodore Wickwire, MFS

Managing Scientist EcoSciences Maynard, MA http://www.exponent.com/ted_wickwire/#tab_profile

Mr. Wickwire is an ecologist focusing on evaluating and managing the assessment of exposures of wildlife to diverse physical and chemical stressors. He has led the development of spatial models that incorporate wildlife behaviors and habitat preferences to increase the realism of exposure assessment. Currently, he is working with Dr. Menzie to modify the base model for use in screening potential wind turbine development locations based on the vulnerabilities of bat populations. Mr. Wickwire also excels at managing multi-dimensional, complex projects and project teams. He has experience managing a diverse team of experts across many different practices within Exponent. With thoughtful organization, an attention to technical details and frequent communication, the project teams have produced high quality products. In addition to exposure assessment, spatial modeling and project management, Mr. Wickwire has also developed long term monitoring programs to track recoveries and study the impacts of specific activities on wildlife.

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Contact Information

Additional information can be found on our web site:

www.exponent.com

888-656-EXPO (within the U.S.)

+1 650-326-9400 (outside the U.S.)

info@exponent.com

United States: Atlanta, Boston (2), Chicago (2), Denver, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Oakland, Orange County, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Seattle, Silicon Valley, Washington, DC (3)

International: Basel (Switzerland), Shanghai (China), Derby (UK), Düsseldorf (Germany), Harrogate (UK)