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• Sir UsmanPervaizPRESENTED TO:

• Kamran Asad L1F12BSEE2076PRESENTED BY:

Topic: Wind Turbine

• A wind turbine is a device that

converts kinetic energy from the wind

,into mechanical energy , also

called wind energy; a process known

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as wind power. If the mechanical energy is used to produce

electricity, the device may be called a wind turbine or wind power

plant

• The first automatically operated wind

turbine, built in Cleveland in 1887 by

Charles F. Brush. It was 60 feet (18 m)

tall, weighed 4 tons (3.6 metric tones) and

powered a 12 kW generator.

• The first megawatt-capacity wind turbine

in the USA, in 1941.

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Parts of a Wind Turbine

Nacelle56 tons

Tower3 sections

Blade112’ long

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•Anemometer: Measures the wind speed

and transmits wind speed data to the

controller.

•Blades: Most turbines have either two or

three blades. Wind blowing over the blades

causes the blades to "lift" and rotate.

•Brake: A disc brake, which can be applied

mechanically, electrically, or hydraulically to

stop the rotor in emergencies.

Part ofWind turbine

•Controller: The controller starts up the machine at wind speeds of

about 8 to 16 miles per hour (mph) and shuts off the machine at

about 55 mph.

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Gear box: Gears connect the low-speed

shaft to the high-speed shaft and increase

the rotational speeds from about 30 to 60

rotations per minute (rpm) to about 1000 to

1800 rpm, the rotational speed required by

most generators to produce electricity.

Generator: Usually an Induction generator

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Is used that produces 60-cycle AC electricity. High-speed shaft:

Drives the generator. Low-speed shaft: The rotor turns the low-

speed shaft at about 30 to 60 rotations per minute.

Part ofWind turbine

•Nacelle: The nacelle placed at top the tower and

contains the gear box, low- and high-speed

shafts, generator, controller, and brake. Some

nacelles are large enough for a helicopter to land

•Pitch: Blades are turned, or pitched, out of the

wind to control the rotor speed and keep the rotor

from turning in winds that are too high or too low

to produce electricity. •Rotor: The blades and the hub together are called the rotor.

•Tower: Towers are made from tubular steel (shown here), concrete, or

steel lattice. Because wind speed increases with height, taller towers

enable turbines to capture more energy and generate more electricity

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Part ofWind turbine

•Wind direction: According to wind direction

there is two types of turbine upwind or

downwind turbine, upwind is operates facing

into the wind and downwind turbine is facing

away from the wind .

•Wind vane: Measures wind direction and

communicates with the yaw drive to orient

the turbine properly with respect to the wind. Yaw drive: Upwind turbines face into the

wind; the yaw drive is used to keep the rotor facing into the wind as the

wind direction changes. Downwind turbines don't require a yaw

drive, the wind blows the rotor downwind.

•Yaw motor: Powers the yaw drive

Part ofWind turbine

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Types of wind turbine

HAWT: Horizontal Axis VAWT: Vertical Axis10

How does it works??

• A wind turbine works the opposite of a fan. Instead of using electricity to make wind, like a fan, wind turbines use wind to make electricity. The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft, which connects to a generator and makes electricity.

• Wind turbines can be used to produce electricity for a single home or building, or they can be connected to an electricity grid (shown here) for more widespread electricity distribution

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Types of Electricity Generating Windmills

Small ( 10 kW)• Homes• Farms• Remote Applications

(e.g. water pumping, telecom sites, ice making)

Large (250 kW - 2+MW)

• Central Station Wind Farms

• Distributed Power

Intermediate

(10-250 kW)

• Village Power

• Hybrid Systems

• Distributed Power

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Suitable location

• To be considered a good location for

wind energy, an area needs to have

average annual wind speeds of at

least 12 miles per hour.

• Brockport:

– 14.5-15.7 mph (6.0-6.5 m/s)

• Offshore:

– 16-20.1 mph (7.5-9 m/s)

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Advantages of Wind Power

• Wind turbines do not produce any

waste, greenhouse gases, toxins or

by-products that can harm the

environment

• No air pollution

• Wind farms can be built offshore

• A good method of supplying energy

to remote areas

• Land beneath wind turbines can be

used for farming and grazing.

• Wind turbines require no fuel.

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Disadvantage of Wind turbine

• Cost high.

• Wind turbines are noisy.

• Usually large and clear location is used for wind turbine.

• High maintenance.

• Power density is very low.

• Needs a very large number of wind mills to produce modest amounts of power.

• Harm for birds.

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Transmission

• A group of wind turbines can

make electricity for the utility

grid.

• The electricity is sent through

transmission and distribution

lines to

homes, businesses, schools, an

d so on.

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Large Wind Turbines

• 450’ base to blade

• Each blade 112’

• Span greater than 747

• 163+ tons total

• Foundation 20+ feet deep

• Rated at 1.5 – 5 megawatt

• Supply at least 350 homes

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Information

• Efficiency varies by machine

~ 40% of wind collected will be turned into electricity

• The earth receives 1.74 x 1017 watts of power (per hour) from

the sun

• About one or 2 percent of this energy is converted to wind

energy (which is about 50-100 times more than the energy

converted to biomass by all plants on earth

• Pakistan is developing wind power plants in Jhimpir, Bin

Qasim , Keti Bandar and Gharo in Sindh.

• At 15° Celsius air weighs about 1.225 kg per cubic meter, but

the density decreases slightly with increasing humidity.

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Wind Turbines (flights of fancy)

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