WIM Nepal DCAF Strategic Concept Low[1]

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ThedefinitionofaNationalStrategicConcept1

The Denition of aNational Strategic Concept

Dr. Willem F. van Eekelen

Gv,2010

GvCDm

CAmFs

AsSuyCP&

CTsm


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2 ThedefinitionofaNationalStrategicConcept

DCAFPyPsssysbuyussussvmssDCAF.TsssysmmssbyDCAF.Tvwssxss,wv,su(s)ssysDCAF.

Cover design, layout and prinng:PP,Kmu

Pubss,2010

Publisher:

GvCDmCAmFs(DCAF)

Execuve Publisher:

AsSuyCP&CTsm(ASPECT)

POBx4610

KmuN

Wbs:www.s..


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The definition of a National Strategic Concept 1

The Denition of aNational Strategic Concept

Dr. Willem F. van Eekelen

strategic concept aims at providing a consensual basis for the goals,

s, sums ms -

my x w w s u x v

ys. I my m u ms, su s suy

strategy or concept, a security and defence concept, or as a security and

y. A v mm m w

s s bm w suy.

The word concept gives the impression of a rather permanent document,

bu ms ss s subj uus mm. I s

um u b s, bu wu v my quss

s mm usw. F s s

will discuss the strategic concept in its wider meaning of security policy.

A suvy xs s s ms vv

u. T US s b

to conduct a Quadrennial Defense Review every four years (the last one

jus ubs 1 Fbuy 2010) mm w Nu

Psu Rvw. NATO C W by

S Cs 1991 1999 s x

Nvmb 2010. T Eu U mu s um

Dmb 2003 u A su Eu b w.Eu Suy Sy. T Ps Rub C ubs sx

W Ps s1998, s 20 Juy 2009.

T us ws y

of the state against external aggression. Today, the threat of aggression is

ss u C W, bu w s v m, smms

umsy w sks s. Ly u s

ums sm, bu s s su sss bs

m by mm w-w bms,

A


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2 The definition of a National Strategic Concept

w v s w k m bw x suy.

Mu b s s vs w v b u by

u uy Msy I As. Cvsy,

su s my b smbs w m, bu ss ssy v

, w ssy, u-suy s s

u y s. I As y NATO s w k

w, my m s ss u

sussuy u C W w mssv sus k

by Sv U. Isus, b wk y, vss

symm w, wk ss s

vsy k m w m w y

u s us.

A s w m s w k bw

suy vm. T Os Em C

Dvm (OECD) ws um wu mmum

suy, vm s wu b ws, bu

m s suy u b b wu susb vm.

T EU sy s s :

Conict destroys not only infrastructure, including

social infrastructure. It also encourages criminality,

deters investment and makes economic acvity

impossible.

B ms m u msv

approach towards the threats and challenges facing a country and the

s ms w m. Su b s m

squs u my msss, uy

su s. T EU sy msz u b

sv by my ms y. Csquy k bw

(my) w s ( m u) w s

bm sb. Suss mss ss su s ssb y

b s w m b

. S w y s k. O, ws s

w s v y w s wy.

"


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I k msss u uss UN w v s

ws m bus . Du C W UN k

ws s sus w ws s

m s s mss. Is sk y ws k w ws s smb . L, s

su ussy mss Bs Hzv w

ws s w x u

UN s bus k w m mss

ws w us mm s m y

s-. A xm su mss ws u MONUC

s Dm Rub C.

T ssby us w mk mss m b bu s m

us. T my ss s bm m sky ms

w ms w ss w s s w uy,

preparing for defence against an aggression, which hopefully would never

u. Csus s, s w v s As. Csquy,

qus w uy su su

mss s bm ssu w ms k sus

interest.

T Eu U vs su msss s-

Psb Msss, m B Gmy w

Ws Eu U s mu m 1992 w

s:

mhumanitarian missions;

m su msss, .. vu zs m ss

s;

m k (s m ss s sb bv);m the role of combat forces in crisis management, i.e. peace

enforcement;

I Dmb 2008 w m msss w s:

m disarmament of combatants, as was done in Macedonia and Aceh,

Indonesia;

m ss v, w usuy s m my sk.


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The Contents of a Strategic Concept

Du C W s my ws my um,

w ws k s mu my sss s

ss. I NATO s w mu by My Cmm

us . Nu sy s vu

m mssv xby ss ws ky . Ts

ws w m w sy w Gk

. H su u s s s

my su wy s bm vus s quky s ssb

w mm sss. Smy v Cuswz, -s sy,

my s u b.

F my ys m ws us m sy

sb w w bv b bs wy u my s.

Ty s m xu my

sks s US s u s my, vy

and air force. Again, the word doctrine conveys a sense of permanent truth

w s mb w s suy vm,

s b us w s w bm vb. Sys us w x, smms us m G Sy

s msv . I mm v sy s s

x sy: mm ms ss

m bjvs qu mks ms

m. P s w sy w x . Ambus

individuals map out a strategy for a successful career.

In this paper we use strategy in its wider meaning, not limited to military

ss, bu w v ss ,

s muu s s, sums

to safeguard them.

A m s us s mu us:

1. I su ssus sy bu ss

threats;

2. I su vb s s sks

um svs mwk wthey should operate;


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3. I su b bss m s ums

s mm s. I ws:

su uu sks m s w yshould be organised;

4. It should serve as a tool of public diplomacy, both internally towards

w u xy ws ys

security environment.

I US Dm Ds, w s w by

NATO, s s:

The course of acon accepted as the result of the esmateof the strategic situaon. It is a statement of what is to be

done in broad terms, suciently exible to permit its use in

framing the military, diplomac, economic, psychological

and other measures which stem from it.

Ts s s s su b, bus mvs bm

s su. Obvusy s w vy s

uy s x s

well as the threats facing it and the ability to cope with them. A host ofquss w v b s. Ds uy v v

bilateral defence agreements with other countries or does it have to rely on

s umus bs? Ds m s uy? Is

w bw wu bus, w my m

x m ssu, bu s m v muu s

s s ?

Security Objectives

T s s w u S C s s

suy su uy bjvs ks m

s u y. O s wk mss s

defence should be leading, but inputs will be required by the ministries of

s, m s s suss

vs su b subm Cu Mss u

chairmanship of the Prime Minister. Again, the content will depend much

"


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s, bu sm ms b s s

ws:

m T v m w vus s security;

m T u y, sby

of the country;

m To defend against aggression;

m T m m s , my y

ks ssu;

m T sy s ssu m -s s;

m To preserve natural resources and other means of existence;m T m ss mks, .. by b s us

s m v;

m T bu sby u

vm w w mwk

C U Ns.

T s bjvs u b u x u

um s, v sm m us,

bu s, uvs u ., bu s ms b

Csu ms s s .

I Eu s bjvs mm u mu

ss s. NATO s v us

msv sus. T Eu U s s

Em Cmmuy, bu uy x s s

suy y s jus m s.

T Ty Lsb ms mk s vs m , mv m m. I s us w sy uss,

s s k u mm my s

ss. T s s s s NATO Ws

Eu U, bu s v b by 27

member states.

NATO m vs s 1999 S C bus

um s vw Iq w US w. U Ps Obm s w mu


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sms b w . I s s Qu Rvw Fbuy

1, 2010, m mu- w, bu s w k

US s ss my w w. T vw b Am ss bs w mj ws

sm m, mu w w sss by

ss u symm s s w s

b b w v ws. T Rvw ws m

by Nu Psu Rvw , s m, by Bs Mss

Ds Rvw S Psu Rvw.

The Strategic Threats

T x s s s, sks s

uy. H mss s su b

s w svs. T msy

s w b vv suy su.

B NATO Eu U v w u ms ss

my s, bu v s , uy u

G W. Bus ms, wy m m. T s

w my ms :

m Terrorism: I s Rsu 1566 8 Ob 2004 UN Suy

Cu sm s ws:

Cm s, u s vs, mm w

us sus by juy, k ss, w

us vk s ub u ss u ss, m u m

vm s bs m

doing any act.

Throughout history terrorism has always been a threat, but it has

qu w s w w-w sm

ums v Js ks by E Q ss

us. Ev s y w, v uy s k

sm sk Eu s s mvm.


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N s symm w w. W s w s

by ws UN s w . Oy

v k bws s, s s w v w w m

w b s bu m y

. A m m mb sm s w

s ms v u s su

mvs ss w w.

In dealing with terrorism one does well to recognise that in itself

sm s m, w sys bu uy mvs

bu bs wy mb . T w s b m uss s m s bu u

u b sm, s mv s sus

support.

m Weapons of mass destrucon (nuclear, chemical and biological):

H mmuy s b v v s

y ys by u umb s vs

m su sysms v. T N

P Ty (NPT) vs vw s.

I uy s bss ss s I v s

vss, w my vy s su M

Es. T Cm Ws Cv s s v

m. Hwv, B Ws v s .

m Regional conicts, k v su m ssu

F Rub Yusv, w

Africa.m Failed states, oen connected with organised crime: The inability

vms u w uy s

s, ss v um s, mss ks mvm

us. Sm s sks xm s

wu v vm uy. Is u v s

unprecedented level of piracy.

T ub v m UN Sy G K A

Rssby P m y bk w


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bsu svy w my

vs um uss ss w

s sv vm . S , wv, mm s v s b bk by v

countries that feared a new form of colonialism.

m Cyber warfare, uy k sysms

Es Cs s G, w US

D sb s wk-u s

w v k s bm susy.1 Dsu sm

y sy, bu s s u. Ms us y

v bku sysms s , bu vy vub u mmu sysms. I

my s s Gb Ps Sysms w

us v s u mus.

m Piracyat sea, uy Gu A ws s

Sm, bu s Ss M Su C

S. Py s s sus mms

and considerably raises the insurance premium for ships passing

these waters.

m The proliferaon of small arms and light weapons and the harm

by ms w. Ts subj u

UN C Dsmm Gv.

T EU sy 2003 s umb s, w

immediately involve military means, but are relevant to economic security

/ sks b us. Ov m y m

bm suy ssus:

m The supply of energy through uninterrupted transit routes, either by

pipeline or by sea;

m Cm u sus;

m Sy w , uy w v by

s m u s b;

m Poverty and the spreading of disease;

1 Dennis Blair quoted in the Financial Times, 4 February 2010.


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m I mm;

m Drugs smuggling;

m Tk um bs.

The Regional Context

A W W II s k vus

ms, w smms u suy ss. Eu s by ms

s w v ss. U

B w Nvmb 1989 ws v w s.

T ws s ss m w k

u suy umb NATO. Ams my sw subs s sv s v mssv

v bs Sv U s ss Wsw

. A 1989 my us C Es Eu

uy j b NATO Eu

U, w m u bu sby

. C mmbs EU u u w,

us my mk my. As us-bs s

w b mmms ss mjy v, Eu U y s ms v s. T

Ty Lsb, w 1 Dmb 2009 u

s ss k s mb w ss mmu

sysm ss ms, , vm, jus m

s (w Eu Cmmss -s

bw Cu Mss Eu Pm, mm

by Cu Jus y us quy uu U)

m vm s y, suy . T s bw EU NATO,

wv, ms , y bus m u

US NATO, bu s bus s mmbs bw

w ss.

Eu-w Cu Eu s v vs

s s ssus. Is Cu Hum Rs ws vu

ms s u vms. T Os

Eu Suy C s bk F A Hsk


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1975 s y m m

v s Eu. A m u s m by

H Cmmss N Ms, w s b--srole in persuading governments to refrain from discriminatory policies. The

uu OSCE s ub Russ s w -

Eu suy suu.

O s v w ss, k A

U, Msu L Am, Ass Su Es As

Ss (ASEAN), bu m v sm v su

ms b mmms w s Eu

U. Oy ASEAN us m , bu

bm bus x S ms

countries were similar in their reliance on exports of food and raw materials

w mmy ss. T us vm s

s su s m s sbs

s v mm mk. Guy ASEAN mss

ms s suss ssus, bu us Mym

s m j ss u v. Nvss,

ms ASEAN + 3 w u C, J K

ms w u s US EU v v usu

u by b m s.

I 1993 ASEAN k v ASEAN R Fum

(ARF) w s w suy ssus y s 27 mmbs u

us m us k US Russ Eu

U. Is us s w:

1. T s suv u sus

security issues of common interest and concern;

2. T mk s bus s ws -

bu vv my As P R.

A m u ms ms ARF s ms s

s, xs m ss, k xs

-sss su u us wk bu

msus (CBM) vv my, bu s ss u sm um s m. T ARF s by


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m ASEAN S Cmm. A s

s vs u xs, w sus

s su b m umb s mb v su vss Fum. I, 27

umb s bm , s s Eu U, bu

su suu s s by vm

conference.

I Su As Ass R C (SAARC) I s

s uy ys m . I 1983 Nw D

Ass ws u w C s bjvs, y

m s s, bu s muu us

ms mm s:

m m w Su As mv

the quality of life;

m to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural

development in the region and to provide all individuals the

uy v y s u ;

m m s v s- m

us Su As;

m bu muu us, us

anothers problems;

m m v b muu sss

m, s uu, s s;

m s w v us;

m s m msvs ums

ms mm ss;

m w ss w

similar aims and purposes.

A sm m Pmm A ws u

s: uu, u vm, mmus, my,

u vs, s, s svs, s

technology, and sports, arts and culture.

T C ws my 8 Dmb 1985 by Hs S

Gvm Bs, Bu, I, Mvs, N, Pks


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S Lk. As ws 2005 bs I. N wu

uy umb bsvs w m, s w US,

Eu U Su K, w ( b ) byAus, C, I, J, Muus, Mym. Fu mmbs

C s su by Pks, Mym by I. Obsvs

sus Russ s su by I Is by S Lk, bu

ss s . A m SAARC s ws sbs

Kmu Juy 1987, by Sy G by

Cu Mss -y m.

Iy ws ussm s ms, bu

ss ws m 1995 w m bs

overall reciprocity, mutuality of advantages, and step by step tax reforms.

I 2004 Am Su As F T A ws ,

m z s by 2012 ( ys u s

v s, u N).

SAARC s b s sw m

, bu bvusy us w sus. A m ws

made to separate the economic and social issues from the more divisive bms k Ksm ssu v w S Lk, bu

ws sus s ws y ssb. I y s, I

Pks v y F T A Am. O

w sus s b Su As Uvsy.

A ms Sv U, Russ k m

Sv ubs Cmmw I Ss

(CIS) bu w m suss. T wy us

w u Msws b. T sm Cv

Suy Ty Os (CSTO), k NATO w

v u. Ty k m ky m

S C Cu (SCO) w u b C

Russ s ss sk b m by

bus. Oy SCO sm v -ws

bs by NATO US s mb ww

s us , bu s ws vk by

concerns about terrorism. The primary security aim of the new rulers of the


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C As ubs s suvv w m s ms

s, w m b su m bu s. H

u w vs sm, ssm xmsm, w m u S Cv 2001

R A-Tsm suu 2005 w s qus

Tsk. T SCO s m m by sbs

Busss Cu Ibk Ass s

Ey Cub u. A s suu j s wy

bw Aj, Tu Ks. Cs s

z s b ss by mmbs. A m Russ s

u Kzks, Kyyzs, Tjks Uzbks. Obsvs M, I, Pks I.

The Future Perspective of Regional Cooperation

T bu y mu us ss qus

s suy u m vy v

u v sus. Sm quss b sk

Eu. I As-P Aus Pm Ms Kv

Ru k b jum 2008 by sus As P

Cmmuy (APC) by 2020 s s s b ss s

suy, m s. H sss ssy

v mm s bw C, I, J

U Ss. I x s m w ws

ws msms w ky s sks

sus v y us s . I

ws S Suvy 2009 I Isu SSus (IISS) APC s s ssy ws

m s muy.2

T s v mx, sm ss v sy ,

uy m us u w , k mmbs

ASEAN. My As s w m vu m

2 IISS S Suvy 2009 . 71. T ssu s s sTws Nw As Suy Au, . 64 73.


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progress over grand designs with unforeseen consequences. Moreover,

ASEAN by m s

u s m mmbs, w b qu v . Ts ws by sss s

- s muu s s

svy. T ms mss s s

m b ssus v s, k

b ss bw T Cmb.

The Chinese ApproachO 20 Juy, 2009 vm Ps Rub C ssu

s sx W P3 sb s Cs

2008. I s by sy suy su mv, sy

ss Tw ss, bu s w m us

sbs s Cs x suy vm. I

ws W P, y su

svy, suy, y ss

vm bv s.

I sb ms y s

W P s -u, susb vm

Cs m s, us w quy

mvm m s w ms s mj ;

mm my sy v ; usu s-

defensive nuclear strategy; and fostering a security environment conducive

Cs u vm. C wu v sk my engage in military expansion.

T s us mm my

sy w . Is ss w: ss

us sv s; s-

3 S I S Sus, 2009, ssu 3, S N. 93, ju C Isu I S Sus, Bj. P. 1-5 Cs Ouk

Cmsv Suy, . 62-67 Vws Cs N DsW P 2008.


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msy by sk y my s suk sy; mss

on deterring crisis and war; giving priority to winning local wars under

s ms; mk s mv bs u vus suy s ms vs my

sks; y w s w. T

my bu-u su sk b bw m vm

qums suy. O u sy W

P sys C ms mm y s us

u ws usus s-sv u sy w

never engage in a nuclear arms race with any other country.

Obvusy s sms u, bu y

ssm ws s k. T ms

smbs Rvu My As, w m Am

y sm m . Equy s bw s

economy and the budget available for defence is all too familiar in the rest

w. T W P s s s u by u

C s ssss y s. T v

u s xu (3.5 % 1978-1987,

14.5 % 1988-1997, 15.9 % 1998-2007) ws mu w

s GDP (12.5 % 1998-2007). Mv ms v

Cs m s ws vy w ws s s

sm-ms w wy msy s .

O ssu w uy sus us w

P s u b msu by w s: s

my y. C s s.

Hwv, s um u b u u. NATO us sy

s u , bu bs su s m ss.

In any case, it remains to be seen whether these statements will reassure

bus C, my Ps Rub

us w subsy. I s s bs w ms s

bus, ms y w Russ Amu . T xs

bs w I, w s w ws u 1962 w

Bu, w ss ks s u. C I vm mv m s w s b


19/26


ssu . I v u. O b sm wk

v C, w u s ssu b

w I vy m ws bm w I.

T Cs uk msv suy sus bw

suy s m - suy

bms. T s su b .

Fsy, ws m u b b

s by sy umb b vy

bu vs us.

Sy ws mj us s u w m-

vu my s w s jusms.

Thirdly, the nuclear issue was posing as a more acute problem.

T u I S Sus summ u Cs

s s ws:

China follows an independent foreign policy. We have not

achieved the full reunicaon of the motherland, we arefacing problems of secessionism and subversion, and we

have not resolved all disputes over territorial sovereignty.

Therefore, we need to broaden our view on security in

a wider sense without neglecng tradional security

problems.

H s - bms s ws:

1. T s ss;

2. T -s m s v su;

3. Ey suy bms m ss w v uu

s;

4. The problem of food security is increasingly prominent with the

uu s;

5. T bms m , m suy, suy

and public health security are also increasingly felt.

Hs us ws my su, u u msv suy uk, v bs w -

"


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suy s w. Sv xms w v

su s ss Su v quk 2008;

bu umbs s ss suy wku Bj Oym Gms; v Cs

my k (1952 s 2009);

-sm xss w Russ P mss 2005 Vvsk

/ S , w S C Os P

Mss 2007. I Cybjsk / Xj xs

Kzks 2010. I v C s ss

s y s.

Cs ss y mu ss b

ss w C Russ - U Ss

sm us. T Cs s ms

Am mbs w s m w s xss

by Ps G W. Bus s y v m

m s, s s usm -m. I ms

b s w Ps Obms mu- w

w mk u s y s . I NATO s

mv s m sby, w uus w s

new strategic concept.

O As s s u ms m mx, s

s umb s. I s s

Russ C s s s w Pks, w

s v su m C. T US s m s

J Tw. R Am ms vs Tw v

Bj k msus s US ms. J mv s uu m C. Rs

bw Su K J v wys b u. F m,

mb sm w b mm us, bu suy

s k ms.

Indias Defence Doctrine

Rs bw C I uy mv vs Pm Ms Rjv G C 1988, bu y v


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. T vs D Lm Tw msy m

by Tb s mu. F sv ys C s x s

m w I s Au (my N Es F Ay) w mks sm v m u.

Previously there seemed to be a possibility for swapping the Indian claim

s Aks C Ws u by C

Cs m Es I y, v u s wu b

u I ub . Is bjvs w

C w sm:4

m Hw v 1962 by m qu v

v my by y Cs mto enforce its territorial claims. This has been done by a considerable

bu-u s b su

m. I 1968 B Suy F A

v uus y s-b m.

T BSF s mmy I Amy wm ms

u s mm. I s 157 y bs 20 y

bs.

m Hw m b u s C.m Is bjvs Pks m mu m

mx:

m Hw y ss Pkss xy w

without allowing it to escalate to another war.

m Hw us Pkss m m I

u, k k Tj M H Mumb.

m Ws y w w C w b u I y,

w w Pks s ky mv Pks y. Hw v s m Pks my, vw

v suy I.

m Hw v y suss y , b

v ks .

4 T s Is k m mmy by B. Rm As Tms L 11 Juy 2003


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Cs s vs Is m s

w w w Pks bu C ws s s

y , w u mk m b w m ky. Tmvm Is s w US bby s sm

w s ss Hmys, w w s bu

countries.

B I C v mbk u my ms

mms, sy s mum

missiles.

Mu k bu ss ms my ss wb sw. Y, s us s s m

s w x s u uy w v sss

s. U umss ASEAN m us

ssbs w v s vs ssus w b

ms ms, bu s s s w ms.

A Comprehensive Approach

P 1989 suy s w s ums

my my . T NATO s w by

My Cmm. Ty s ums, mby

comprehensive approach towards the security sector in a broad sense.

Smms y bm s ms s y v

s my s. Ns

uy mss xby, mby,

muus us m s, w sys bu s C w v s. Ts sy s u

k s mu s ssb w w v y s

s w sks wu vs bs suu

for the coming period. many restructuring programs have been based on

ss s, w u sks w

sm s u, wu mu s w qums.

E s w v m u us

S C by mss s, ,


23/26


but this does not mean that any one of them should be leading in the process.

I us ssss N Suy Cu (NSC) w suy

w- mmbs m s (ssb u N Suy Avs) sk u b

given to them.5 Avy, -ms mm u

b , bu s wu v b s s

k uy m vms.

I uy w s ys subsv y mk,

w ss su b vv ss:

m

The Presidentm The Prime Minister

m T Ms F As

m The Minister of Defence

m T Ms Jus

m T Ms I As

m The Minister of Police (if this responsibility is not covered by the

Msy I As)

w s s v svs:

m T Sy G Msy D

m T C D S/C G S

m T Cs S Amy, Nvy A F

m T C P

m T D G P As Msy F

As

m T D Su C

m T H I Svs

m T Sy NSC

Ts s s smw usu ms N Suy

Cu. I s ssy ss

ss m, bu y su b w ss m b

b mk vws kw. I , u w s bs

5 T N Csu 1990 v NSC ss y PmMs, Mss F As D C Amy

S s uy, w m m mk mms Cu Mss mbz, us N Amy.


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by sm u, w uy s s. T

su k y sss NSC, w by

v u Cu Mss mu by Ps/Prime Minister.

T ms vu us w qu subs wk w

sv mss m u w ss. W

msy y ums y, u

sks vus s. I s s m

avoid a mismatch between, for example, the incoming new equipment and

the availability of trained personnel and infrastructure. Much depends on

the way the governmental departments are organised. If the Ministry of

D uss y s um, qus qum

ms, yss s uu s

C D S. I msy s s y m su

y m . I vu

su msy s s , bu su b s

w svs. I xs, k ks su

s u b sk v. I suy

bjvs msy m s

Buu ( ssby s) su bu vu

vital interests of the country.

T m ssu uuby w b b bw my

qums ms vb mu-u by

msy . Sm sus m b u by s my

expenditure for materiel, which always stretches out over many years.

Defence is for the long haul and equipment may have to be used fors. T b ss s ss w sks v

be assessed and defence and security are given their proper place within the

mu vm sks, u u, s

s. Umy b s suk, w vm w v

ssby, s s uu qus.


25/26


A model sequence of the steps taken in drafting a strategic concept

1. Ds s by Ps/Cu

Ministers

2. Abu sk N Suy Cu

mm

3. Fm s

4. Dm m m s

5. Abu sks w NSC Cmm v

m I suy vm

m Cu mmms

m Suy bjvs

m Csqus m bu us

m Threats and challenges

m Cu bs qus

m Av sss

m Buy mwk x 10 ys.

m Preferred force structure

m Csqus s qum, u

volunteers / conscripts and reserve personnel

m Mu-u qus qum

6. C us m vs ss

7. Tk msv vw us sk sm u

quss:

m Ds su mwk suy?

m W w w b 10 ys m?

m C w ?

m Hw w k mm vus mms?

m W sks su (sm ) s b s

um?

m A vss w ux vms?


26/26

8. Cm msv

9. Submss y NSC A mm

10. I m s

11. Provision for amendment and periodic review

12. Submss u Cu Mss ss

13. Pub S C submss Pm

14. H s by Pm, w by b

15. Pssb mms, w my b bk NSC

advice

16. Pmu by H S

Documents

WIM Nepal DCAF Strategic Concept Low[1]