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William Shakespeare. The Life and Times. Elizabeth England. Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) London: leading center of culture and commerce Home and workplace to William Shakespeare. Queen Elizabeth I. Social Classes. The Nobility 55 noble families -dukes -earls -barons - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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William Shakespeare
The Life and Times
Elizabeth EnglandQueen Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
London: leading center of culture and commerceHome and workplace to William
Shakespeare
Queen Elizabeth I
Social ClassesThe Nobility55 noble families
-dukes-earls-barons
Become noble 2 ways:1. Birth 2. Grant from a king or
queen
Nobility continuedMany died during the Wars of the
Roses-a series of civil wars fought in England
in the 15th century-often no sons to inherit their titles-royalty thought nobles a threat and
rarely appointed any
Gentry50% of population
KnightsSquiresGentleman\womenMost important, wealth is the keyLand passed to husband by wife’s
inheritanceAlso, consisted of solid citizens such as
members of parliament and justices of the peace
YeomenFarmersTradesmenCraft workersPossible wealth-put $ back into landLiterate workersSickness could change status
3 subclasses of Yeomen1. Freeholding
-owned land
-expanded land
-multiplied wealth
3 subclasses of Yeomen2. Leaseholders
-leaseholders-a lease could be for life-land may or may not be inherited by the son
3 subclasses of Yeomen3. Laborers-worked for wages on
lord’s land
-a cottage and 4 acres
-migrant workers as well
Yeomen
Freeholding→Leaseholders →Hired Laborers
The PoorConsisted of:-the sick -wounded soldiers-the disabled-the old
Elizabethan Poor LawsWorld’s first government sponsored
welfare program-financed by contributions from the
wealthy (not enough)-Poor tax on everyone
3 Goals of Poor Laws
1st-Unable to care for self, placed in hospitals or orphanages; older children given apprenticeship
3 Goals of Poor Laws
2nd-Able body that could work but didn’t
have jobs were given jobs usually in workhouses (make candles, soap,
rope) in exchange for a place to sleep and food
3 Goals of Poor Laws3rd-Discourage the permanently
unemployed, “rogues, vagabonds, and sturdy beggars”
Responsible for:MurdersTheftsAnd other great outrages
How To: Discourage the BadSince it was illegal under the
Elizabethan Poor Laws to be able to work but refuse to, an offender could be punished usually by one of the following ways:
WhippedBurned in the ear with a hot ironDeath
William ShakespeareStratford-Upon-Avon April 23, 15643rd of 8; 3 diedPlague outbreak in 1564 (lucky he
survived)
Shakespeare FamilyMother-Mary Arden (heiress)Father-John Shakespeare (glover)
Shakespeare had a solid educationKnowledge of Latin and GreekUniversity training
Shakespeare MarriesAnne Hathaway-1582He was 18She was 26 and prego! (baby born 8
months later) Daughter-SusannaTwins-Hamnet and JudithHamnet died at age 11
Lost Years7 years of Shakespeare’s life is
undocumented between Stratford and London
Reappears around 1588; establishes himself as an actor and playwright
-comedy(Twelfth Night,Much Ado About Nothing)-history(Henry VI, Richard II, King John)-tragedies(Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Julius Caesar)
Shakespeare’s first play was Henry VI Part 1
1594-Lord Chamberlain’s Men-acting-writing-made a managing partner-most successful acting troupe-first to sell penny copies to the
literate
Shakespeare RetiresRetired to Stratford in 1611Died on April 23, 1616His will stated that his daughter
Susanna receive his property, his daughter Judith was given $600 and his wife Anne was left “my second best bed.”
The GlobeBuilt in 1598
-James Burbage in 1576 -Richard Burbage moved it
1 of 4 (Rose, Hope, Swan)Open-airOctagonal amphitheater3 stories highHolds 3000 spectators
The Globe
The Globe
The Globe
The Globe No roles for women (yes, the men
played the roles of women)1613- burned down during a
production of Henry VIII
The GlobeRebuilt and continued in operation until
1642Puritans shut it downTurned into apartmentsRediscovered in 1989 Reopened in 1997Faithful reproduction-Queen Elizabeth II-first production Henry V
Romeus and JulietRomeo and Juliet-1596Used Arthur Brooke’s 3000 line
narrative poem entitled “The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet” publised in 1562
Romeus and JulietShakespeare makes changes to the
long narrative-instead of a nine month romance he
changes it to four days (Sunday-Thursday)
-changes the beginning by starting with a brawl in the streets
-added the entire second scene
Romeus and JulietShakespeare adapted the poem into a
more exciting play and that is why he condensed some parts of the plots and added more exciting things such as street fights and he also added more personality to such characters as Mercutio.
Romeus and JulietBrooke condemns his “unfortunate
lovers” for neglecting authority and the advice of their parents
Rhomeo and JuliettaShakespeare also consulted a poem by
William Painter entitled “Rhomeo and Julietta” written in 1562
Romeo and JulietThemes, Motifs, and Symbols
Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work.
Theme-LoveLove is violent, ecstatic, and
overpowering.Supersedes all other values, loyalties,
and emotions.Overriding theme of the playShakespeare is uninterested in
portraying a dainty version of the emotion
Theme-Love and Death, Passion, and Violence
Death and violence permeate Romeo and Juliet
Always connected to LoveHate, violence, and death are obviousLove in the play is overwhelming and
blinding
Theme-Conflict between social institutions
Lovers struggle against public opposition
Honor results in brawls that disturb the public peace
Anger between the two families mixed with loyalty and honor to kin create conflict
The lovers rebel against their heritageBattle between responsibilities and
actions demanded by societies and family
Theme-FateA power related to the starsThe reader is aware of fate and the
lovers are aware of their fateFate works in all of the events
surrounding the lovers
MotifsMotifs are recurring structures,
contrasts, or literary devices that can help to develop and inform the text’s major themes.
Motifs-light/dark imageryMost consistent visual motif is between
light and dark or night and dayRomeo mediates about the sun and
the moonRomeo being forced to leave in the
morning after spending their one night together and they pretend that it is still night
SymbolsSymbols are objects, characters,
figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts.
Symbols“Romeo and Juliet” is not a symbolic
play. Romeo and Juliet may symbolize young love and the Prince may symbolize law, government, and public order. These characters seem to occupy these roles rather than symbolize them.