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William Lacy SWING Special Representative for the Democratic Republic of the Congo MONUC Briefing to the Briefing to the Parliamentary Joint Standing Committee Parliamentary Joint Standing Committee on Defence on Defence Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Defence Defence Cape Town, 23 June 2006 Cape Town, 23 June 2006

William Lacy SWING Special Representative for the Democratic Republic of the Congo MONUC Briefing to the Parliamentary Joint Standing Committee on Defence

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William Lacy SWINGWilliam Lacy SWING

Special Representative for the Democratic Republic of the Congo

MONUCSpecial Representative for the Democratic Republic of the Congo

MONUCBriefing to the Briefing to the

Parliamentary Joint Standing Committee on DefenceParliamentary Joint Standing Committee on Defence

Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on DefenceParliamentary Portfolio Committee on Defence

Cape Town, 23 June 2006Cape Town, 23 June 2006

ISSUE: COST AND SUSTAINABILITYISSUE: COST AND SUSTAINABILITYISSUE: COST AND SUSTAINABILITYISSUE: COST AND SUSTAINABILITY

MESSAGE: ACHIEVE TIMELY RESULTS TO REMAIN CREDIBLEMESSAGE: ACHIEVE TIMELY RESULTS TO REMAIN CREDIBLEMESSAGE: ACHIEVE TIMELY RESULTS TO REMAIN CREDIBLEMESSAGE: ACHIEVE TIMELY RESULTS TO REMAIN CREDIBLE

UN MISSIONUN MISSION

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

MBANDAKA

GBADOLITE

KISANGANI BENI/BUTEMBO

BUNIA

GOMA

BUKAVU

KINDU

LUBUMBASHI

UVIRA

MBUJI-MAYI

KANANGA KALEMIE

LUBERO

MATADI

HQ KINSHASA

HQ Kinshasa

17 Field Offices

5 Military HQs

4 Logistics bases

3 Regional Offices

HQ MILITARY

EASTERN DIV.

ITURI BDE

KIVU BDE N

KIVU BDE NSLOG BASE

LOG BASE

LOG BASEKigoma, Tanzania

REGIONAL OFFICEKampala, Uganda

REGIONAL OFFICEKigali, Rwanda

REGIONAL OFFICEPretoria, South Africa

LOG BASEEntebbe, Uganda

MONUC OFFICESMONUC OFFICES MONUC OFFICESMONUC OFFICES

KIKWIT

BANDUNDU VILLE

ARU/MAHAGI

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: CONTINUE TO DECENTRALISE CONTINUE TO DECENTRALISEMESSAGE:MESSAGE: CONTINUE TO DECENTRALISE CONTINUE TO DECENTRALISE

One of world’s largest on-going tragedies

Potential political center of gravity for central Africa

Latent African economic powerhouse

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One of world’s largest on-going tragedies

Potential political center of gravity for central Africa

Latent African economic powerhouse

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Why the DRC MattersWhy the DRC Matters

MESSAGE: MESSAGE: IF CONGO SUCCEEDS, ALL AFRICA PROFITSIF CONGO SUCCEEDS, ALL AFRICA PROFITSMESSAGE: MESSAGE: IF CONGO SUCCEEDS, ALL AFRICA PROFITSIF CONGO SUCCEEDS, ALL AFRICA PROFITS

Introduction

1. MONUC: Most sweeping changes since 1999;

2. DRC: Unprecedented international commitment;

3. Issues: Most favorable constellation

1. MONUC: Most sweeping changes since 1999;

2. DRC: Unprecedented international commitment;

3. Issues: Most favorable constellation

THREE KEY POINTS: THREE KEY POINTS:

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: CONGO IS AT CROSS ROADS CONGO IS AT CROSS ROADSMESSAGE:MESSAGE: CONGO IS AT CROSS ROADS CONGO IS AT CROSS ROADS

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Unprecedented International Commitment

Unprecedented International Commitment

5 international peace agreements 5 international peace agreements (Lusaka, Sun City, Pretoria, etc);(Lusaka, Sun City, Pretoria, etc);

30+ UNSC resolutions;30+ UNSC resolutions;

7 UNSC Missions to DRC. 7 UNSC Missions to DRC.

USD 4 billion+ (1999-2006) for MONUC USD 4 billion+ (1999-2006) for MONUC

33 peacekeepers killed in action33 peacekeepers killed in action

5 international peace agreements 5 international peace agreements (Lusaka, Sun City, Pretoria, etc);(Lusaka, Sun City, Pretoria, etc);

30+ UNSC resolutions;30+ UNSC resolutions;

7 UNSC Missions to DRC. 7 UNSC Missions to DRC.

USD 4 billion+ (1999-2006) for MONUC USD 4 billion+ (1999-2006) for MONUC

33 peacekeepers killed in action33 peacekeepers killed in action

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: DRC TRANSITION HAS INTL LEGAL DRC TRANSITION HAS INTL LEGAL FRAMEWORK; FINANCES; STRUCTUREFRAMEWORK; FINANCES; STRUCTURE

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: DRC TRANSITION HAS INTL LEGAL DRC TRANSITION HAS INTL LEGAL FRAMEWORK; FINANCES; STRUCTUREFRAMEWORK; FINANCES; STRUCTURE

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An African process

Mbeki Masire Obasanjo Sassou N. Konare

An African process

Mbeki Masire Obasanjo Sassou N. Konare

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: REGIONAL SUPPORT ESSENTIAL REGIONAL SUPPORT ESSENTIALMESSAGE:MESSAGE: REGIONAL SUPPORT ESSENTIAL REGIONAL SUPPORT ESSENTIAL

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Core GoalsI. Elections with StabilityI. Elections with Stability

II. Peace and Security / II. Peace and Security / SSRSSR

III. Address War’s LegacyIII. Address War’s Legacy

IV. Mission Support & IV. Mission Support & ReformReform

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I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability

Elections and the regionElections and the region

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: 10 UN PKOs in 7 COUNTRIES SINCE 1960 10 UN PKOs in 7 COUNTRIES SINCE 1960MESSAGE:MESSAGE: 10 UN PKOs in 7 COUNTRIES SINCE 1960 10 UN PKOs in 7 COUNTRIES SINCE 1960

Sudan (1) VAR (1) Rcongo UgandaRcongo Uganda

DRC (2) Rwanda (1) Burundi (1) Angola (4) Zambia TanzaniaRwanda (1) Burundi (1) Angola (4) Zambia Tanzania

Sudan (1) VAR (1) Rcongo UgandaRcongo Uganda

DRC (2) Rwanda (1) Burundi (1) Angola (4) Zambia TanzaniaRwanda (1) Burundi (1) Angola (4) Zambia Tanzania

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Law on financing of Law on financing of

political partiespolitical parties

Law on MagistratesLaw on Magistrates Law on the Law on the Conseil Conseil

Superieur de la MagistratureSuperieur de la Magistrature

Law on Voter Registration

Law on Political Parties

Law on the IEC

Law on the TRC

Law on the High Media Auth.

Law on the National HR Ob.

Law on the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Com.

Law on Nationality

Law on Army & Defense

2005 Budget

Constitution

Referendum Law

Law on Amnesty

Electoral lawElectoral law

In Government (1)In Government (1) In Parliament (2) In Parliament (2) Promulgated (14)Promulgated (14)

Joint Commission: Constitution & Essential Legislation

Chaired by: SRSG and National Assembly President

Secretariat: MONUC

Constitution & Essential Legislation Constitution & Essential Legislation

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ELECTIONS SET LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ELECTIONS SETMESSAGE:MESSAGE: LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ELECTIONS SET LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ELECTIONS SET

Largest country (2,344,885 sq km)

Largest electorate (25.6 million)

First free and fair elections in 40 years

Last census 1984; no ID cards

53,000 Polling stations, 300,000 poll workers

“Europe without roads”

Largest country (2,344,885 sq km)

Largest electorate (25.6 million)

First free and fair elections in 40 years

Last census 1984; no ID cards

53,000 Polling stations, 300,000 poll workers

“Europe without roads”

Challenges for the Elections: Challenges for the Elections:

Elections Elections I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: LARGEST ELECTIONS UN HAS ASSISTED LARGEST ELECTIONS UN HAS ASSISTEDMESSAGE:MESSAGE: LARGEST ELECTIONS UN HAS ASSISTED LARGEST ELECTIONS UN HAS ASSISTED

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Stringent deadlines

Funding and equipment

Intl technical support

Civic education

Tense political environment

Security situation

Supreme Court of Justice credibility

Transport of cash for payments

Stringent deadlines

Funding and equipment

Intl technical support

Civic education

Tense political environment

Security situation

Supreme Court of Justice credibility

Transport of cash for payments

Challenges for the Elections (2): Challenges for the Elections (2):

Elections Elections I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability

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Electoral processElectoral process

Some achievements so far:Some achievements so far:

I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability

25.6 million voters registered25.6 million voters registered

New Constitution adopted at a referendumNew Constitution adopted at a referendum

33 presidential; 9,632 parliamentary, 10,000+33 presidential; 9,632 parliamentary, 10,000+ provincial assembly candidatesprovincial assembly candidates

Process at point of no returnProcess at point of no return

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I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability

Some statistics::

Candidates: statistics (1)Candidates: statistics (1)

33 Presidential candidates33 Presidential candidates

9,632 candidates for 500 seats in Parliament in 169 9,632 candidates for 500 seats in Parliament in 169 districtsdistricts

17 candidates per seat on average17 candidates per seat on average

56 per seat in Kinshasa, 12 in Equateur and Maniema56 per seat in Kinshasa, 12 in Equateur and Maniema

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I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability

Candidates: statistics (2)Candidates: statistics (2)

Have registered as candidates:Have registered as candidates:

80% of current MPs80% of current MPs

70% of Government members70% of Government members

60% of incumbent Governors and D/Gov.60% of incumbent Governors and D/Gov.

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability

Candidates: statistics (3)Candidates: statistics (3)

Candidates of Candidates of 218218 parties for 500 seats: parties for 500 seats:1.1. Alliance présidentielle : 1,100+Alliance présidentielle : 1,100+2.2. CODECO: 600+CODECO: 600+3.3. MLC: 435MLC: 4354.4. RCD: 425RCD: 4255.5. UNADEC: 400UNADEC: 4006.6. Forces du renouveau (RCD-KML+): 430Forces du renouveau (RCD-KML+): 4307.7. PALU: 200PALU: 2008.8. Démocratie Chrétienne: 200Démocratie Chrétienne: 200

Electoral process: UN roleElectoral process: UN role

Electoral assistanceElectoral assistance (MONUC, UNDP)(MONUC, UNDP)

Electoral funds management, incl. procurementElectoral funds management, incl. procurement (UNDP)(UNDP)

Logistics to and beyond 166 local sites Logistics to and beyond 166 local sites (MONUC)(MONUC)

Security in Eastern DRC Security in Eastern DRC (MONUC)(MONUC)

Public information Public information (MONUC/Okapi)(MONUC/Okapi)

I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: UN’S ROLE ESSENTIAL TO DRC ELECTIONS UN’S ROLE ESSENTIAL TO DRC ELECTIONSMESSAGE:MESSAGE: UN’S ROLE ESSENTIAL TO DRC ELECTIONS UN’S ROLE ESSENTIAL TO DRC ELECTIONS

ISSUE 1: MORE STAFF & AIRCRAFT NEEDEDISSUE 1: MORE STAFF & AIRCRAFT NEEDEDISSUE 1: MORE STAFF & AIRCRAFT NEEDEDISSUE 1: MORE STAFF & AIRCRAFT NEEDED

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Electoral SecurityElectoral Security

FARDC/PNC: FARDC/PNC: No equipment, weak No equipment, weak support support

MONUC Force: MONUC Force: Limited, focused Limited, focused on Easton East (13/15 batts)(13/15 batts)

DDRRR: DDRRR: 10,000 foreign 10,000 foreign combatantscombatants

DDR:DDR: 150,000 Congolese150,000 Congolesecombatantscombatants

FARDC/PNC: FARDC/PNC: No equipment, weak No equipment, weak support support

MONUC Force: MONUC Force: Limited, focused Limited, focused on Easton East (13/15 batts)(13/15 batts)

DDRRR: DDRRR: 10,000 foreign 10,000 foreign combatantscombatants

DDR:DDR: 150,000 Congolese150,000 Congolesecombatantscombatants

  Congolese National Police

  Presidential Guard

I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability

Concerns:

ISSUE: INTL SUPPORT FOR FARDC AND PNCISSUE: INTL SUPPORT FOR FARDC AND PNCISSUE: INTL SUPPORT FOR FARDC AND PNCISSUE: INTL SUPPORT FOR FARDC AND PNC

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150,000+150,000+ (est.) combatants in FARDC (est.) combatants in FARDC

123,159123,159 processed: processed:

79,65979,659 demobilized, of which demobilized, of which 17,00017,000 children children

38,29338,293 re-integrated in the FARDC re-integrated in the FARDC

80,00080,000 weapons collected weapons collected

75,000+75,000+ remaining most difficult remaining most difficult

PERSISTENT PERSISTENT DELAYS, BLOCKAGESDELAYS, BLOCKAGES

MONUC’S ROLE: (1) Secure orientation centres with FARDC/CNP; (2) Disarm and control armament with SMI, CONADER; (3) Dispose of defective arms/munitions.

150,000+150,000+ (est.) combatants in FARDC (est.) combatants in FARDC

123,159123,159 processed: processed:

79,65979,659 demobilized, of which demobilized, of which 17,00017,000 children children

38,29338,293 re-integrated in the FARDC re-integrated in the FARDC

80,00080,000 weapons collected weapons collected

75,000+75,000+ remaining most difficult remaining most difficult

PERSISTENT PERSISTENT DELAYS, BLOCKAGESDELAYS, BLOCKAGES

MONUC’S ROLE: (1) Secure orientation centres with FARDC/CNP; (2) Disarm and control armament with SMI, CONADER; (3) Dispose of defective arms/munitions.

DDR & IntegrationDDR & IntegrationI. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

ISSUE:ISSUE: RETAIN FPUs AFTER ELECTIONS RETAIN FPUs AFTER ELECTIONSISSUE:ISSUE: RETAIN FPUs AFTER ELECTIONS RETAIN FPUs AFTER ELECTIONS

MONUC Police: FPUsMONUC Police: FPUs

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Duties of the 6 MONUC FPU

1. Support MONUC Police Activities

2. Crowd Control and Public Security

Protect UN officials and police in the discharge of their duties

Support MONUC Police tactically and operationally

Protect UN officials and police in the discharge of their duties

Support MONUC Police tactically and operationally

Rapid response and public order capacity

Manage crowd / riot situations

Fill potential security vacuum during subsequent UN military

withdrawal

other mandated duties

Rapid response and public order capacity

Manage crowd / riot situations

Fill potential security vacuum during subsequent UN military

withdrawal

other mandated duties

Duties of the 6 MONUC FPU

3. Assistance to the National Police (PNC)

4. Assistance to Humanitarian Agencies and other Organizations the UN supports

Give PNC rapid crowd control and public order capacity

Assist and train PNC to develop this capacity

Give PNC rapid crowd control and public order capacity

Assist and train PNC to develop this capacity

Assist the humanitarian agencies and other organizations

acknowledged by the United Nations

Assist the humanitarian agencies and other organizations

acknowledged by the United Nations

Listeners: 30 million+Listeners: 30 million+

Cov. pop.: 80% FM, 100% SW, Cov. pop.: 80% FM, 100% SW, on satellite, on interneton satellite, on internet

7 days a week, 24-hours 7 days a week, 24-hours a day in five languages. a day in five languages.

The only national radioThe only national radio

Crucial to ‘elections with Crucial to ‘elections with stability’ stability’

Listeners: 30 million+Listeners: 30 million+

Cov. pop.: 80% FM, 100% SW, Cov. pop.: 80% FM, 100% SW, on satellite, on interneton satellite, on internet

7 days a week, 24-hours 7 days a week, 24-hours a day in five languages. a day in five languages.

The only national radioThe only national radio

Crucial to ‘elections with Crucial to ‘elections with stability’ stability’

Supporting Supporting MONUC’s mandateMONUC’s mandate

Public Information Public Information I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: PRESERVE OKAPI’S PROFESSIONAL, IMPARTIAL PRESERVE OKAPI’S PROFESSIONAL, IMPARTIAL VOICEVOICE

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: PRESERVE OKAPI’S PROFESSIONAL, IMPARTIAL PRESERVE OKAPI’S PROFESSIONAL, IMPARTIAL VOICEVOICE

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FinancesFinancesDescription Description Budget (USD)Budget (USD)

INDEPENDENT ELECTORAL COMM. (CEI) 40,000,000

BUREAU NATIONAL DES OPERATIONS 14,504,941

APEC TECHNICAL UNIT 15,896,596

REGISTRATION 98,273,952

REFERENDUM 25,814,505

COMBINED POLLS 110,073,080

LOGISTICS 103,503,151

SECURITY 50,700,000

Total 458,846,225

BUDGET :BUDGET :

I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: STRONG INTL SUPPORT FOR ELECTIONS STRONG INTL SUPPORT FOR ELECTIONSMESSAGE:MESSAGE: STRONG INTL SUPPORT FOR ELECTIONS STRONG INTL SUPPORT FOR ELECTIONS

Until December 2006Until December 2006

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

Country Cost (USD) Population Polls Cost/capita/Poll Remarks

DRCDRC 422 M 422 M 60 M 560 M 5 1.41.4 Log.+Sec. incl. Log.+Sec. incl.

LiberiaLiberia 17.5 M 17.5 M 3 M 3 M 1 1 5.85.8

AfghanistanAfghanistan 170 M 170 M 30 M 30 M 1 1 5.75.7

HaitiHaiti 41 M 41 M 8.4 M 8.4 M 4 4 1.21.2

Comparative CostsComparative Costs

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

USD

DRC Liberia Afghanistan Haiti

Country

Cost/Capita/Poll

I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability

Geographical challengeGeographical challengeI. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALEMESSAGE:MESSAGE: UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE

[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]

A continent-sized country…A continent-sized country…213 times larger than Kosovo;

86 times larger than Burundi;

24 times larger than Liberia;

or, the same size as… Portugal, Spain, Italy, France, Switzerland, Belgium Luxembourg, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Poland…combined

213 times larger than Kosovo;

86 times larger than Burundi;

24 times larger than Liberia;

or, the same size as… Portugal, Spain, Italy, France, Switzerland, Belgium Luxembourg, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Poland…combined

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALEMESSAGE:MESSAGE: UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE

[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]

AREAS:AREAS:

2,345,410 sq km2,345,410 sq km (DRC) (DRC)

1,180,820 sq km1,180,820 sq km (Afghanistan + (Afghanistan +

Cote d’Ivoire + Haiti + Cote d’Ivoire + Haiti + Liberia + Sierra Leone)Liberia + Sierra Leone)

I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability

Geographical challengeGeographical challenge

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALEMESSAGE:MESSAGE: UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE

[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]

Cambodia Liberia Democratic Republic Cambodia Liberia Democratic Republic of the Congo Sierra Leone Haiti Cof the Congo Sierra Leone Haiti Côôte te d’Ivoire Afghanistan Sierra Leoned’Ivoire Afghanistan Sierra Leone

Cambodia Liberia Democratic Republic Cambodia Liberia Democratic Republic of the Congo Sierra Leone Haiti Cof the Congo Sierra Leone Haiti Côôte te d’Ivoire Afghanistan Sierra Leoned’Ivoire Afghanistan Sierra Leone

FORCE FORCE COMMANDER’S COMMANDER’S

SCHEME OF SCHEME OF MANOEUVREMANOEUVRE

FORCE HQ FORCE HQ KINSHASAKINSHASA

DIVISIONAL HQDIVISIONAL HQKISANGANIKISANGANI

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: TROOP LEVELS INADEQUATE, DIV HQ VITAL TROOP LEVELS INADEQUATE, DIV HQ VITALMESSAGE:MESSAGE: TROOP LEVELS INADEQUATE, DIV HQ VITAL TROOP LEVELS INADEQUATE, DIV HQ VITAL

[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]

DEPLOYMENT IN DEPLOYMENT IN ITURIITURI - 77 220 km - 77 220 km22 DEPLOYMENT IN DEPLOYMENT IN ITURIITURI - 77 220 km - 77 220 km22

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: HETEROGENEOUS BRIGADE INADVISABLE HETEROGENEOUS BRIGADE INADVISABLEMESSAGE:MESSAGE: HETEROGENEOUS BRIGADE INADVISABLE HETEROGENEOUS BRIGADE INADVISABLE

[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]

-- --

II A+

REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS:REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS: NORTH KIVU BRIGADENORTH KIVU BRIGADE

REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS:REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS: NORTH KIVU BRIGADENORTH KIVU BRIGADE

7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times 7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Burundi combined. Burundi combined.

7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times 7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Burundi combined. Burundi combined.

[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]

2/ III 2/ III C A

REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS:REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS: SOUTH KIVU BRIGADESOUTH KIVU BRIGADE

REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS:REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS: SOUTH KIVU BRIGADESOUTH KIVU BRIGADE

7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times 7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Burundi combined. Burundi combined.

7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times 7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Burundi combined. Burundi combined.

[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]

REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUSREINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS NORTH AND SOUTH KIVU BRIGADES NORTH AND SOUTH KIVU BRIGADES REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUSREINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS NORTH AND SOUTH KIVU BRIGADES NORTH AND SOUTH KIVU BRIGADES

7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times 7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Burundi combined. Burundi combined.

7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times 7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Burundi combined. Burundi combined.

[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]

Foreign Armed GroupsForeign Armed GroupsII. Peace and SecurityII. Peace and Security

RwandanRwandan: FDLR [7,000 - 8,000]: FDLR [7,000 - 8,000]

UgandanUgandan: ADF/NALU [1,500 – 2,000] & LRA: ADF/NALU [1,500 – 2,000] & LRA

BurundianBurundian: FNL [<500?]: FNL [<500?]

Threat to local population and regional relationsThreat to local population and regional relations

Local business/political interestsLocal business/political interests

Increasing FARDC / MONUC military pressureIncreasing FARDC / MONUC military pressure

RwandanRwandan: FDLR [7,000 - 8,000]: FDLR [7,000 - 8,000]

UgandanUgandan: ADF/NALU [1,500 – 2,000] & LRA: ADF/NALU [1,500 – 2,000] & LRA

BurundianBurundian: FNL [<500?]: FNL [<500?]

Threat to local population and regional relationsThreat to local population and regional relations

Local business/political interestsLocal business/political interests

Increasing FARDC / MONUC military pressureIncreasing FARDC / MONUC military pressure

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: FAGs MENACE DRC PEOPLE, REGIONAL FAGs MENACE DRC PEOPLE, REGIONAL RELATIONS, BUT RELATIONS, BUT NOTNOT DRC ELECTIONS OR NEIGHBOURS DRC ELECTIONS OR NEIGHBOURS

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: FAGs MENACE DRC PEOPLE, REGIONAL FAGs MENACE DRC PEOPLE, REGIONAL RELATIONS, BUT RELATIONS, BUT NOTNOT DRC ELECTIONS OR NEIGHBOURS DRC ELECTIONS OR NEIGHBOURS

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

2. Military Measures:• Area Domination Missions• Joint FARDC-MONUC operations • Establishment of arms-free zones (cordon and search operations) • Dismantlement of illegal checkpoints/road tax blockades

DDRRR StrategyDDRRR Strategy

3. Justice: • Arrest of Gedeon; and“India Queen•Arrest of General Jerome Kakuavu and Kisembo from the Ituri militias•Arrest of General Widi , FARDC commander of the 6e military region •ICC extraditions: e.g. Thomas Lubanga•Arrest of FDLR Leader Murwanashyaka•Uganda arrest of MRC leaders•Extradition treaties

1. Political pressure: • Security Council/Tripartite sanctions Neighbors and Governments to support peace process• Denial of safe havens/rear bases

DDRRR: Building military pressure

DDRRR: Building military pressure

Objectives: Objectives:

Protect the populationProtect the population

Dominate foreign group-held areasDominate foreign group-held areas

Constraints:Constraints:

MONUC: MONUC: Inadequate mapping;Inadequate mapping;FARDCFARDC: Poor log & ops support: Poor log & ops support

Means: Means: Area domination, show of force, deterrence Area domination, show of force, deterrence (« Iron Fist », « Falcon Sweep », «Thunder Storm », etc. )(« Iron Fist », « Falcon Sweep », «Thunder Storm », etc. )

II. Peace and SecurityII. Peace and Security

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

* Shows reduction in number of foreign combatants and dependents on DRC territory, whether by repatriation or death.

DDRRR: statisticsDDRRR: statisticsII. Peace and SecurityII. Peace and Security

12 June 200612 June 2006

REPATRIATEDREPATRIATED Ex-cbtsEx-cbts CiviliansCivilians TotalTotal

RwandanRwandan 4, 5374, 537 4,3164,316 8,8538,853

UgandanUgandan 415415 292292 707707

BurundeseBurundese 3,6563,656 124124 3,7803,780

TotalTotal 8,6088,608 4,7324,732 13,34013,340

           

KILLEDKILLED Ex-cbtsEx-cbts CiviliansCivilians TotalTotal

RwandanRwandan 4343 00 4343

UgandanUgandan 9999 00 9999

BurundeseBurundese 88 00 88

TotalTotal 150150 00 150150

12112

11964

11883

11793

11754

10925

10842

10788

10758

10629

10469

9290

2749

2582

2477

23441851

1650

1396

1316823

1040

11033

1118711368

11273

11453

11405

11638

1155511694

2937

4613

6732

12664

12279

12845

12992

13082

13340

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

DDRRR: statisticsDDRRR: statisticsII. Peace and SecurityII. Peace and Security

Cumulative repatriationsCumulative repatriations

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: VOLUNTARY DDRRR AT STANDSTILL, POL; VOLUNTARY DDRRR AT STANDSTILL, POL; MILITARY; LEGAL PRESSURE REQUIREDMILITARY; LEGAL PRESSURE REQUIRED

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: VOLUNTARY DDRRR AT STANDSTILL, POL; VOLUNTARY DDRRR AT STANDSTILL, POL; MILITARY; LEGAL PRESSURE REQUIREDMILITARY; LEGAL PRESSURE REQUIRED

IturiIturi Armed GroupsArmed Groups 10,000 FARDC and 5,000 Blue Helmets in Ituri10,000 FARDC and 5,000 Blue Helmets in Ituri

Build-up in FARDC-MONUC opsBuild-up in FARDC-MONUC ops

Ending impunity: T. Lubanga extradited / 7-8 in Kampala detention, several inEnding impunity: T. Lubanga extradited / 7-8 in Kampala detention, several in

DRC jailsDRC jails

« India Queen »« India Queen »

MAIN PROBLEM: illegal weapons – illegal exports syndromeMAIN PROBLEM: illegal weapons – illegal exports syndrome

DCR payments ending 30 JuneDCR payments ending 30 June

Elections: reduced operational tempo Elections: reduced operational tempo

Weak FARDC ops & log capacityWeak FARDC ops & log capacity

LIMITATIONSLIMITATIONS

OPPORTUNITIESOPPORTUNITIES

II. Peace and SecurityII. Peace and Security

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

MARCH 2005: AREAS OF OF ITURI ARMED GROUPSMARCH 2005: AREAS OF OF ITURI ARMED GROUPS

[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]

MARCH 2005: AREAS OF OF ITURI ARMED GROUPSMARCH 2005: AREAS OF OF ITURI ARMED GROUPS

Mongwalu

Fataki

MahagiNdrele

ARU

Mahag

Kwandruma

TcheKafe

Tchomia

Gina

Marobo

Marobo

Marobo

KasenyMambasa

MambasaAveba

FatakiKwandruma

Tchomia

Mambasa

KasenyiMahagi

Aveba

Aru

Mongwalu

Marabo

Kafe

TcheGina

AUGUST 2005: AREAS OF ITURI ARMED GROUPS AUGUST 2005: AREAS OF ITURI ARMED GROUPS

Bunia

[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]

Fataki

Kwandruma

TchomiaMambasa

Kasenyi

Mahagi

Aru

Mongwalu

Marabo

Kafe

Tche

Gina

MAY 2006: AREAS OF ITURI ARMED GROUPSMAY 2006: AREAS OF ITURI ARMED GROUPS

Bunia

[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]

Essential Tasks: Army integrationEssential Tasks: Army integration

Army brassage center

Army/DDR Orientation centre

KISANGANIKISANGANI

NYALEKENYALEKE

RUMANGABORUMANGABO

LUBERIZILUBERIZI

KITONAKITONA

KAMINAKAMINA

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: QUALITY MORE IMPORTANT THAN NUMBER QUALITY MORE IMPORTANT THAN NUMBERMESSAGE:MESSAGE: QUALITY MORE IMPORTANT THAN NUMBER QUALITY MORE IMPORTANT THAN NUMBER

New Army (FARDC): StatusNew Army (FARDC): StatusTG Objective: 3 waves x 6 Integrated Brigades by ElectionsTG Objective: 3 waves x 6 Integrated Brigades by Elections

Brigades Training Deployment Donor

1st Jan-Jun 04 Ituri Belgium

2nd Jan-May 05 North Kivu (Rutshuru) Angola

3rd Feb-Jun 05 South Kivu (Bukavu) Belgium-RSA

4 th Apr-Aug 05 Ituri (border areas) DRC

5th Jul-Sep 05 Re-deployment DRC

6th Jul-Sep 05 Ituri (mining areas) DRC

11stst WAVE WAVE

33rdrd WAVE WAVE

22ndnd WAVE WAVE- 7th , 8th and 9th ready and waiting deployment

- 10th, 11th and 12th to be ready shortly

MAY – ? 06 - SIX BDES

II. Peace and SecurityII. Peace and Security

FARDC: Short-term requirementsFARDC: Short-term requirements• 9 integrated Brigades:9 integrated Brigades:

– 3 Bdes 3 Bdes IturiIturi– 3 Bdes 3 Bdes North KivuNorth Kivu– 3 Bdes 3 Bdes South KivuSouth Kivu • LogisticsLogistics: food, water, medical, : food, water, medical,

transporttransport• TG TG to provide arms and ammunition, to provide arms and ammunition,

optical, accommodation and medical optical, accommodation and medical supportsupport

• DONORS NEEDEDDONORS NEEDED: clothing, individual : clothing, individual equipment, communications equipment, communications equipment, vehicles, nautical assetsequipment, vehicles, nautical assets

II. Peace and SecurityII. Peace and Security

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: URGENT INTL SUPPORT REQUIRED URGENT INTL SUPPORT REQUIREDMESSAGE:MESSAGE: URGENT INTL SUPPORT REQUIRED URGENT INTL SUPPORT REQUIRED

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

Regional relationsRegional relationsFRAMEWORKSFRAMEWORKS

Joint Verification MechanismsJoint Verification Mechanisms

DRC/RwandaDRC/Rwanda

DRC/UgandaDRC/Uganda

Tripartite+ Commission

FRAMEWORKSFRAMEWORKS

Joint Verification MechanismsJoint Verification Mechanisms

DRC/RwandaDRC/Rwanda

DRC/UgandaDRC/Uganda

Tripartite+ Commission

II. Peace and SecurityII. Peace and Security

ACHIEVEMENTS:ACHIEVEMENTS:

Joint Verification MissionsJoint Verification Missions

Intelligence Fusion CellIntelligence Fusion Cell

ACHIEVEMENTS:ACHIEVEMENTS:

Joint Verification MissionsJoint Verification Missions

Intelligence Fusion CellIntelligence Fusion Cell

ISSUE: JVC DORMANTISSUE: JVC DORMANTISSUE: JVC DORMANTISSUE: JVC DORMANT

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

4 million+ deaths in 6 years4 million+ deaths in 6 years

380,000 assisted DRC refugees380,000 assisted DRC refugees

1.6 million IDPs: 1.6 million IDPs: almost ½ childrenalmost ½ children

1,200 preventable deaths / day; 1,200 preventable deaths / day; 1 “tsunami” every 7 months1 “tsunami” every 7 months

40,000/month flee their homes40,000/month flee their homes

4 million+ deaths in 6 years4 million+ deaths in 6 years

380,000 assisted DRC refugees380,000 assisted DRC refugees

1.6 million IDPs: 1.6 million IDPs: almost ½ childrenalmost ½ children

1,200 preventable deaths / day; 1,200 preventable deaths / day; 1 “tsunami” every 7 months1 “tsunami” every 7 months

40,000/month flee their homes40,000/month flee their homes

Humanitarian Challenge Humanitarian Challenge III. Addressing the legacy of warIII. Addressing the legacy of war

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

Humanitarian Challenge Humanitarian Challenge III. Addressing the legacy of warIII. Addressing the legacy of war

UN Response: ACTION PLAN 2006/7UN Response: ACTION PLAN 2006/7

71% of pop. food insecure, 71% of pop. food insecure, 8% access clean water8% access clean water

43% of children no access to43% of children no access to vaccinations; 1 in 5 die < 5 years.vaccinations; 1 in 5 die < 5 years.

43% go to school (mostly boys) 43% go to school (mostly boys)

2.6 million+ HIV-infected; 2.6 million+ HIV-infected; +900,000 expected in 2006 +900,000 expected in 2006

168/177 in UNDP Human Development168/177 in UNDP Human Development IndexIndex

71% of pop. food insecure, 71% of pop. food insecure, 8% access clean water8% access clean water

43% of children no access to43% of children no access to vaccinations; 1 in 5 die < 5 years.vaccinations; 1 in 5 die < 5 years.

43% go to school (mostly boys) 43% go to school (mostly boys)

2.6 million+ HIV-infected; 2.6 million+ HIV-infected; +900,000 expected in 2006 +900,000 expected in 2006

168/177 in UNDP Human Development168/177 in UNDP Human Development IndexIndex

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

Humanitarian Challenge Humanitarian Challenge III. Addressing the legacy of warIII. Addressing the legacy of war

MONUC’s action:MONUC’s action:Humanitarian Affairs SectionHumanitarian Affairs Section

Protection of civiliansProtection of civilians

Humanitarian accessHumanitarian access

Humanitarian personnel and cargoHumanitarian personnel and cargo

Facilitation of return and resettlementFacilitation of return and resettlement

Emergency medical transportationEmergency medical transportation

MONUC’s action:MONUC’s action:Humanitarian Affairs SectionHumanitarian Affairs Section

Protection of civiliansProtection of civilians

Humanitarian accessHumanitarian access

Humanitarian personnel and cargoHumanitarian personnel and cargo

Facilitation of return and resettlementFacilitation of return and resettlement

Emergency medical transportationEmergency medical transportation

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

Refugees & IDPsRefugees & IDPsIII. Addressing the legacy of warIII. Addressing the legacy of war

[PMG note: graphics & maps not included, please email [email protected]]

INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONSINTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS CONGOLESE REFUGEES IN AFRICACONGOLESE REFUGEES IN AFRICA

SEA: Impact

Defames UN and Member States Defames UN and Member States

Related Areas of Concern (Sexual Violence; HIV/AIDS; etc.) Related Areas of Concern

(Sexual Violence; HIV/AIDS; etc.)

Damages Individuals and Communities Damages Individuals and Communities

Jeopardizes Mission’s Credibility Jeopardizes Mission’s Credibility

IV. Mission Support & ReformIV. Mission Support & Reform

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

Focal point for all conduct & discipline matters Focal point for all conduct & discipline matters relating to all categories of mission personnel:relating to all categories of mission personnel:

Conduct and Discipline TeamConduct and Discipline Team

Policy Development prevention/early detection, welfare, disciplinary measures, coordination

Training & Advocacy pre-deployment, induction/in mission personnel, sensitization of local communities.

Database Management System: record and track all allegations of misconduct by all categories of mission personnel

Policy Development prevention/early detection, welfare, disciplinary measures, coordination

Training & Advocacy pre-deployment, induction/in mission personnel, sensitization of local communities.

Database Management System: record and track all allegations of misconduct by all categories of mission personnel

IV. Mission Support & ReformIV. Mission Support & Reform

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

InvestigationsInvestigations June to December 2004

OIOS: 72 allegations; 7 substantiated (GA Document)

OHRM: 5 civilian allegations December 2004 to September 2005 SEA Team, OASEA: 131 allegations; 46 substantiated (High Level Investigation Team, Office for Addressing Sexual Exploitation and Abuse)

September 2005 to May 2006

IV. Mission Support & ReformIV. Mission Support & Reform

OIOS: 174 allegations received, including 102 Category I SEA 12 Investigation reports received on SEA, 5 substantiated(Investigations of all Category I misconduct)

ISSUE: OIOS LIMITED INVESTIGATIVE CAPACITY, ISSUE: OIOS LIMITED INVESTIGATIVE CAPACITY, PROCEDURESPROCEDURES

ISSUE: OIOS LIMITED INVESTIGATIVE CAPACITY, ISSUE: OIOS LIMITED INVESTIGATIVE CAPACITY, PROCEDURESPROCEDURES

December 2004 – May 2006 December 2004 – May 2006 Total actions: 181Total actions: 181 CIVILIAN PERSONNEL:CIVILIAN PERSONNEL:

20 actions taken or initiated 20 actions taken or initiated

7 Pending disciplinary action 7 Pending disciplinary action 1 suspension with pay, 1 suspension with pay,

1 suspension without pay,1 suspension without pay,

3 charged, 3 charged,

2 under review2 under review

13 actions taken, cases closed13 actions taken, cases closed

7 summarily dismissed (4 civilians, 3 UNVs)7 summarily dismissed (4 civilians, 3 UNVs)

3 Reprimand (not disciplinary): (UNVs)3 Reprimand (not disciplinary): (UNVs)

2 Non renewal of contract: (1 civilian, 1 UNV)2 Non renewal of contract: (1 civilian, 1 UNV)

1 Resignation1 Resignation

MILITARY PERSONNEL: MILITARY PERSONNEL:

41 repatriated on disciplinary grounds41 repatriated on disciplinary grounds

POLICE PERSONNEL: POLICE PERSONNEL:

120-member FPU withdrawn; (including 10 repatriations on disciplinary grounds)120-member FPU withdrawn; (including 10 repatriations on disciplinary grounds)

CIVILIAN PERSONNEL:CIVILIAN PERSONNEL:

20 actions taken or initiated 20 actions taken or initiated

7 Pending disciplinary action 7 Pending disciplinary action 1 suspension with pay, 1 suspension with pay,

1 suspension without pay,1 suspension without pay,

3 charged, 3 charged,

2 under review2 under review

13 actions taken, cases closed13 actions taken, cases closed

7 summarily dismissed (4 civilians, 3 UNVs)7 summarily dismissed (4 civilians, 3 UNVs)

3 Reprimand (not disciplinary): (UNVs)3 Reprimand (not disciplinary): (UNVs)

2 Non renewal of contract: (1 civilian, 1 UNV)2 Non renewal of contract: (1 civilian, 1 UNV)

1 Resignation1 Resignation

MILITARY PERSONNEL: MILITARY PERSONNEL:

41 repatriated on disciplinary grounds41 repatriated on disciplinary grounds

POLICE PERSONNEL: POLICE PERSONNEL:

120-member FPU withdrawn; (including 10 repatriations on disciplinary grounds)120-member FPU withdrawn; (including 10 repatriations on disciplinary grounds)

IV. Mission Support & ReformIV. Mission Support & Reform

Disciplinary Actions To Date

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

IV. Mission Support & ReformIV. Mission Support & Reform

Follow up mechanism with TCCs

OIOS investigative capacity and procedures

Welfare Policy

Pre-deployment training

Victim support

Follow up mechanism with TCCs

OIOS investigative capacity and procedures

Welfare Policy

Pre-deployment training

Victim support

ISSUES

SEASEA

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

Future and RoleFuture and Role depend on depend on DRC Government andDRC Government and Security CouncilSecurity Council

Staying the course:Staying the course: Lessons learned from Haiti, Liberia Lessons learned from Haiti, Liberia and Sierra Leoneand Sierra LeoneFrom peacekeeping to From peacekeeping to peacebuildingpeacebuilding

Post Elections: juncturePost Elections: juncture

MONUC:MONUC:

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

Post Elections: MONUCPost Elections: MONUC

Help establish new institutionsHelp establish new institutions

DDRRR / DDR / SSR (Army & Police)DDRRR / DDR / SSR (Army & Police)

Protection of civilians Protection of civilians

Regional relations / stabilityRegional relations / stability

Rule of law / Justice & ReconciliationRule of law / Justice & Reconciliation

Post transitional peace buildingPost transitional peace building

MESSAGE:MESSAGE: BUILD SUSTAINMENT STRATEGY BUILD SUSTAINMENT STRATEGY NOWNOWMESSAGE:MESSAGE: BUILD SUSTAINMENT STRATEGY BUILD SUSTAINMENT STRATEGY NOWNOW

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

REQUIREMENTS:REQUIREMENTS:

Political Political INCLUSIVENESSINCLUSIVENESS

Better Better ECONOMIC MANAGEMENTECONOMIC MANAGEMENT

Administrative Administrative DECENTRALISATIONDECENTRALISATION

Cultural Cultural TOLERANCETOLERANCE

Political Political INCLUSIVENESSINCLUSIVENESS

Better Better ECONOMIC MANAGEMENTECONOMIC MANAGEMENT

Administrative Administrative DECENTRALISATIONDECENTRALISATION

Cultural Cultural TOLERANCETOLERANCE

Post Elections StabilityPost Elections Stability

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

Avoid “winner-take-all” victorsAvoid “winner-take-all” victors

& “rejectionist” losers& “rejectionist” losers

Interregnum governance (Jul-Dec)Interregnum governance (Jul-Dec)

Economic situation:Economic situation:

no IMF/IBRD budget support no IMF/IBRD budget support

$ 699 M Humanitarian Action plan $ 699 M Humanitarian Action plan

under-fundedunder-funded

Avoid “winner-take-all” victorsAvoid “winner-take-all” victors

& “rejectionist” losers& “rejectionist” losers

Interregnum governance (Jul-Dec)Interregnum governance (Jul-Dec)

Economic situation:Economic situation:

no IMF/IBRD budget support no IMF/IBRD budget support

$ 699 M Humanitarian Action plan $ 699 M Humanitarian Action plan

under-fundedunder-funded

ISSUE: POST ELECTORALISSUE: POST ELECTORAL

Post Elections StabilityPost Elections Stability

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

Example: Supreme Court of Justice (SCJ)Example: Supreme Court of Justice (SCJ)Example: Supreme Court of Justice (SCJ)Example: Supreme Court of Justice (SCJ)

Issue 1: Controversial decisions erode SCJ’s Issue 1: Controversial decisions erode SCJ’s credibility credibility Amnesty lawAmnesty law

Turncoat Parliamentarians lose seatsTurncoat Parliamentarians lose seats

Issue 2: SJC to adjudicate electoral disputes Issue 2: SJC to adjudicate electoral disputes

Proposed solution:Proposed solution: Appoint “Eminent Persons” Group as SCJ CounselorsAppoint “Eminent Persons” Group as SCJ Counselors

(e.g. Tutu, Richard Goldstone, Professeur Masclet, Albie Sachs)(e.g. Tutu, Richard Goldstone, Professeur Masclet, Albie Sachs)

Post Elections StabilityPost Elections Stability

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

IMF: staff-monitored program only

World Bank: no further budget support in 2006

Humanitarian action ($681 million): under-funded

IMF: staff-monitored program only

World Bank: no further budget support in 2006

Humanitarian action ($681 million): under-funded

Economic Economic Post-Electoral ConcernsPost-Electoral Concerns

[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]

A Post Electoral “Expectations Gap”A Post Electoral “Expectations Gap”

Post Elections: “Hour-glass”Post Elections: “Hour-glass”

HIGHHIGH

LOWLOW

HIGHHIGH

LOWLOW

20002000 20062006

ELECTIONSELECTIONS

2007+2007+

Refugee and Refugee and IDP returnsIDP returns

DDRRRDDRRRIntegrated National Integrated National

Army and DDRArmy and DDR

Peacebuilding Blocks Peacebuilding Blocks

Essential Essential legislationlegislation

Integrated Integrated National Police National Police

ElectoralElectoralsecuritysecurity

Extension of Extension of State authorityState authority

Voter registrationVoter registrationConstitutionalConstitutionalReferendum Referendum

ISSUE: MOST TRANSITION TASKS REMAINISSUE: MOST TRANSITION TASKS REMAINISSUE: MOST TRANSITION TASKS REMAINISSUE: MOST TRANSITION TASKS REMAIN

MONUC