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Will there always be poverty among us Presented by Lili-Anna Pereša, Centraide Prepared partly by Dr. Richard Massé, Public Health Director With the collaboration of Dr. Marie-France Raynault, Centre Léa Roback Presentation to McGill Centraide Committee Thursday, October 3, 2013

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Will there always be poverty among us. Presented by Lili-Anna Pereša , Centraide Prepared partly by Dr. Richard Massé, Public Health Director With the collaboration of Dr. Marie-France Raynault , Centre Léa Roback. Presentation to McGill Centraide Committee - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Will  there always be poverty among  us

Will there always be poverty among us

Presented by Lili-Anna Pereša, Centraide

Prepared partly by Dr. Richard Massé, Public Health DirectorWith the collaboration of Dr. Marie-France Raynault, Centre Léa

Roback

Presentation to McGill Centraide CommitteeThursday, October 3, 2013

Page 2: Will  there always be poverty among  us

22.8% OF THE POPULATION BELOW LOW INCOME CUT-OFF

Page 3: Will  there always be poverty among  us

Couple with two children

Parent with only child

Single person able to work

Person with limited

capacity for employment

Welfare income (2009) plus government transfer payments

$22,614 $17,583 $7,312 $10,881

MBM (Montreal CMA) 2009

$28,316 $18,405 $14,158 $14,158

Comparison between welfare income and low income cut-off according to MBM, Quebec,

2008-2009

CMA: Census metropolitan area

Page 4: Will  there always be poverty among  us

The course of a life

Birth

School

readiness

Dropping

outof school

Integration into the workplace

Income

Level

Living

environment

Health

condition

Life

expectancy

The richerThe poorer

Page 5: Will  there always be poverty among  us

The course of a life

The richerThe poorer

Among the poorest:More low birth weightsMore premature birthsMore intra-uterine growth retardation

Birth

School

readiness

Dropping

outof school

Integration into the workplace

Income

Level

Living

environment

Health

condition

Life

expectancy

Page 6: Will  there always be poverty among  us

The course of a life

The richerThe poorer

School readiness relates to:Physical health and welfareSocial adequacy Emotional maturityCognitive and language development Communication and general knowledge

Birth

School

readiness

Dropping

outof school

Integration into the workplace

Income

Level

Living

environment

Health

condition

Life

expectancy

Page 7: Will  there always be poverty among  us

The course of a life

The richerThe poorer

Dropping out of school causes:Social exclusion and adjustment problems

Birth

School

readiness

Dropping

outof school

Integration into the workplace

Income

Level

Living

environment

Health

condition

Life

expectancy

Page 8: Will  there always be poverty among  us

The course of a life

The richerThe poorer

Birth

School

readiness

Dropping

outof school

Integration into the workplace

Income

Level

Living

environment

Health

condition

Life

expectancy

Individuals with less education experience:A more precarious social positionDifficulties adapting to technological changesGreater job insecurity

Page 9: Will  there always be poverty among  us

The course of a life

Between different Montreal neighbourhoods:Average income ranges from $17,000 to $103,000The percentage of individuals living below low income cut-off ranges from 4% to 46%

The richerThe poorer

Birth

School

readiness

Dropping

outof school

Integration into the workplace

Income

Level

Living

environment

Health

condition

Life

expectancy

Page 10: Will  there always be poverty among  us

The course of a life

The most deprived neighbourhoods account for:More substandard housing unitsMore injured pedestrians, cyclists and motoristsMore effects on human health from “heat islands”, etc.

The richerThe poorer

Birth

School

readiness

Dropping

outof school

Integration into the workplace

Income

Level

Living

environment

Health

condition

Life

expectancy

Page 11: Will  there always be poverty among  us

The course of a life

The richerThe poorer

Birth

School

readiness

Dropping

outof school

Integration into the workplace

Income

Level

Living

environment

Health

condition

Life

expectancy

Compared to richer people, underprivileged people:Generally adopt a less healthy lifestylePerceive their health to be poorAre more likely to suffer from chronic diseases and mental health problems

Page 12: Will  there always be poverty among  us

The course of a life

The richerThe poorer

Compared to richer people, less well-off individuals:Live almost 6 years less on averageDie prematurely of causes deemed preventable, in greater number

Birth

School

readiness

Dropping

outof school

Integration into the workplace

Income

Level

Living

environment

Health

condition

Life

expectancy

Page 13: Will  there always be poverty among  us

Certain groups are more vulnerable than others to insecurity

Unemployment rate for recent immigrants and general populationMontreal, 2006

Recent immigrants General population

Page 14: Will  there always be poverty among  us

Life expectancy chart (years)Montreal CLSC territories, 2006-2008

Page 15: Will  there always be poverty among  us

Eating well without food banks?

Monthly social welfare income $609

Average monthly rent for a bachelor unit $531

Nutritious food basket $217

($139)

Cost of bus/subway monthly pass $73

Cost of single-trip fare $3

Sources of data for 2009-2010-2011:Social welfare income and MBM: National Council of Welfare;Rent: CMHC; NFB: Montreal Diet Dispensary; Transport cost: STM

Page 16: Will  there always be poverty among  us

When we compare

Percentage of individuals living below low income cut-off according to Market Basket Measure* - Census metropolitan areas

Large Cities

Year

Québec (Qc)

Montreal

Toronto

Vancouver

2000 9.2 13.4 10.4 14.8

2001 10.0 12.2 9.9 13.6

2002 7.8 11.5 11.1 16.7

2003 7.7 10.0 9.7 13.8

3004 6.4 8.3 11.2 14.2

2005 6.5 9.1 11.9 12.9

2006 6.4 9.1 11.8 12.1

2007 7.8 8.5 10.4 9.8

2008 4.6 12.0 10.4 13.5

2009 3.6 11.6 12.3 16.5

* Base year: 2008

Page 17: Will  there always be poverty among  us

Not a black and white picture

These results reflect:• The increasing income inequalities in Canada• The positive impact of Quebec’s social policies,

specifically family policies

Page 18: Will  there always be poverty among  us

World Health Organization 2008

Closing the gap in a generation• Improve daily living conditions• Tackle the inequitable distribution of power,

money and resources • Measure and understand the problem and assess

the impact of actions taken

Page 19: Will  there always be poverty among  us

How far we have come…

Child mortality rate (0-1 year old) according to income groupMontreal, 1989-1991 to 2006-2008

Rate per 1000

Upper income group Lower income group

Page 20: Will  there always be poverty among  us

How far we have come…

Under-20 mortality rate according to income groupMontreal, 1989-1991 to 2006-2008

Rate per 1000

Upper income group Lower income group

Page 21: Will  there always be poverty among  us

The earlier the investment, the better the return

Skill Formation and the Economics of Investing in Disadvantaged ChildrenJames J. Heckman, et al.Science 312, 1900 (2006)

Page 22: Will  there always be poverty among  us

89% of investments goes to agencies directly serving the populationInvestment of 47 M$ in 369 community agencies and projects to :

• Break the cycle of poverty• Support the mobilization of communities• Develop the full potential of the agencies

11% of investments goes to community building and support for community action:• 8% to support local round table• 3% to support training to community agencies

Centraide’s priorities

38%

28%

19%

11% 4%Families and youth

Living conditions

Excluded or maginalized people

Community development

Volunteer support

Page 23: Will  there always be poverty among  us

What about Centraide

Mission-specific funding• Versus remote-controlled project funding• The community can best identify its needs• Facilitates co-operation with other organizations in

the field• Allows for innovation• Allows for greater power-sharing

Page 24: Will  there always be poverty among  us

Centraide’s Governance Structure