ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 4 ÷«Ja 2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2

þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net

Kantipudi Kameswara Rao, MorthaQ: Respected sir, what is the difference between the fol-

lowing?1) It has been decided to cancel the festivities that were to

be held on Friday, March 9, 2018.2) It has been decided to cancel the festivities that are to be

held on Friday, March 9, 2018.A: It has been decided to cancel the festivities that are to be

held on Friday March 9, 2018 – This is correct, becausethe date refers to the future. Moreover the verb in the

first clause is in the present tense. Q: í£ô¦-÷ª-ô¢)ìª English ÏÙTx-ùÃö˺ Ô÷ªÙ-æ°ô¢ª?A: í£ô¦-÷ªô¢) = enquiry. í£ô¦-÷ªô¢) has other meanings too.

Shyamala AvugantiQ: Sir please explain me about "The few "completely.A: Few = Almost none (ë¯ë¯í£± ö˶ô¢ª/ ö˶÷± söËμÚÛ\-ší-ç˶d-î¦-樸Ú

î¦è[ê¦Ùz – few ìª) A few = a small number of things /people.

The few = the few things/ people that are there (Ñìo Î Ú•CÌ,Î Ú•ÙêŸ-÷ªÙC).

In the last week’s lesson we saw the differ-ences between statements and questions, andthe two types of questions – ‘Wh’ and ‘Non-wh’ questions.

We have seen in the past lessons the verbsof six kinds – 1) the ‘be’ forms, 2) the ‘be’form + the ‘ing’ form, 3) the ‘be’ form + pastparticiple (V3) (passive voice), 4) have/ has/had/ shall have/ should have, etc. + Past par-ticiple (V3) 5) The doing words (eg: Give,gives, gave, etc.) 6) Shall/ should/ will/ would/can etc. + the Ist Doing word. eg: Shall go, will come, can sing, etc. (6 ô¢Ú¥õ

verbs Þœªô¢ªh-û¦oô³ ÚÛë¯? î¦æ¨E ÷ªJ-#-ð¼-ÚÛªÙè¯ÑÙç˶, ÷ªì ÎÙÞœxÙö˺ êŸí£±põª ÑÙè[÷±. Íô³ê¶ î¦æ¨Ñí£-óμ«-Þ¥õª êμõª-ú£ª-ÚÁ-÷è[Ù ÚÛ«è¯ ÷³Üuz.We have seen the uses of ‘do’, ‘does’ and

‘did’. We are now going to see the uses of theother verbs like, shall, should, will, would,can, could, may, might, must, have to, has to,ought to, need, dare, etc.

We have already seen that the verbs, shallwith I and we, and will with you, he, she, it andthey talks about indefinite future (ÍÙêŸ ÚÛ#aêŸÙÚ¥E òÅ¡N-ù£uêÂ). However, in the present dayEnglish, ‘Will’ is being used with all subjectsto indicate both indefinite and definite future(Íô³ê¶ ô¦ìª, -ô¦ìª Will î¦è˶-ú£ªh-û¦oô¢ª, ÍEo sub-jects êÁ, ÚÛ#aêŸîμªiì, ÚÛ#aêŸÙ Ú¥E òÅ¡Nù£u꟪hÚÛª).Shall with you, he, she, it and they is used toexpress duties (NëÅ]ªõª), commands (Îá‘õª) andnecessity (Í÷-ú£-ô¦-õÚÛª), mostly in judicial lan-guage and government rules (ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy, ÚÁô¢ªdòÅ°ù£ö˺x). Ïí£±pè[ª NªÞœê¦ verbs ÍÙç˶ should,would, can, could, may, might, must, need,etc., Ñí£-óμ«ÞœÙ êμõª-ú£ª-ÚÁ-ò˺-꟪û¦oÙ. a) Should is the past form of Shall. However,

in the present day English, even for shall,would is being used as its past form, espe-cially in the Indirect Speech. (Should ìªshall ÚÛª past form Þ¥ î¦è[ê¦Ù. ÍÙç˶ ÞœêŸÙö˺he, she, it and they êÁ Îá‘Þ¥ Þ¥F, NCÅÞ¥ Þ¥F,Í÷-ú£-ô¢ÙÞ¥ Þ¥F à¶óŸ«-Lqì í£ìª-ö˶-î�μjû¦ ÑÙç˶, ÍNàμí£p-è¯-EÚ¨ shall î¦è[ê¦Ù.) ÍÙë]ª¸Ú ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy ÑêŸh-ô¢ªyö˺x Þ¥F, ÚÁô¢ªd Îá‘ö˺x Þ¥F, he, she, it andthey êÁ shall î¦è[-ê¦ô¢ª.

eg: I think I shall help him – Indirect speech: Ithought I would help him. (ÏC ÍÙêŸ ÚÛ#aêŸÙÚ¥ë]ª).‘Would’ is the past form (V2) of will. That

is, if will is used as the future from the present,would is used as the past form of will toexpress future from the past.

He is sure that his sisters will help him.The past form for this is, He was sure his sis-ter would help him.

‘Should’ is the past form of shall. eg: Heshall understand this point. The past form forthis is: He should understand this point. eg: She is sure that her husband will surely

help her brother. The past form for this is:She was sure that her husband would sure-ly help her brother. ÏÙÚÁ Nù£óŸªÙ: Should, must, have to (with I/

we/ you and they), has to (with he/ she/ it andthey) expresses commands, duties and necessi-ty (Îá‘õª, NëÅ]ªõª, Í÷-ú£-ô¦õª). eg: a) You must / should /have to be in the

office from 10 to 6. (Order)b) I must / should /have to be present at office

from 10 to 6 or I will be punished (Duty) c) I must/ should/ have to rush to the station, or

I will miss the train. (Necessity) d) He/ she/ the train (it) has to be here by

5 o’clock, but he/she/the train (it) is late. Study this carefully and understand the uses

of shall, should, will, would, must, have to, hasto. More in the next week’s issue.

Grammar & Usage

1. Intoxicated = Inebriated / drunk (ê¦TìîμªiÚÛÙö˺ Ñìo).

eg: Having drunk too much he was intoxicat-ed / in an inebriated (DE Íô¢–Ù ÚÛ«è¯ ê¦TìîμªiÚÛÙö˺ Ñìo) condition.

H Intoxicated X Sober (not drunk/ in senses –ê¦ÞœE ú‡–Aö˺/ ÷«÷´-õªÞ¥ Ñìo).

eg: He never drinks and is always sober. 2. Outcome = Result (íÆ£LêŸÙ).eg: What is the outcome of your discussions

with the company manager? H Outcome X Cause (Ú¥ô¢éÙ).eg: What is the cause of the trouble in the

company? 3. Enhance = Increase. eg: The employees felt happy on hearing the

news of the enhancement of their pay andperks.

H Enhance X Reduce. eg: The employees were angry that their

allowances have been reduced. 4. Endorse = 1) Express support publicly

(ò°ï£„-åÙÞ¥ ú£÷ª-J–Ù-àŸè[Ù).

eg: Though she was his enemy, he endorsedher candidature for the election.

H Endorse X Criticize (N÷ª-J)Ù-àŸè[Ù) / oppose(÷uA-¸ô-Ú¨Ù-àŸè[Ù). eg: He opposed her candi-dature for the election.

2) Recommend a product (Ôëμjû¦ ÑêŸp-AhE ú‡ðƧ-ô¢ú£ª à¶óŸªè[Ù). eg: A number of movie actorsendorse a number of products.

H Endorse X Disapprove (Îîμ«-CÙ-àŸ-ÚÛ-ð¼-÷è[Ù).eg: He disapproved the product as it was

harmful.5. Eliminate = Remove. eg: By a clever plan-

ning, he eliminated all his rivals to the post. H Eliminate X Include. eg: He included a few

of his political rivals in the committee.

‘Will’ is being used with..

- M. Suresan

Writer

VOCABULARY

Manideep

Q: Hi sir, could you translate me the followinginto Telugu?

1) India could not have asked for an easiergame in this World Cup.

2) The bowling may be a bit inexperienced asone among Starc or Hazlewood if not bothcould be rested after their Ashes heroics.

3) I have grown rather fond of him. 4) I have grown rather used to being the

family insulted. 5) I lie awake all the night staring at the

canopy. 6) I have been back for weeks. 7) I need to upload my vows. A: 1) Ð ví£í£ÙàŸÚÛíÃö˺ òÅ°ô¢ê ÍÙêŸ ÚÛÙç˶ ú£ªõòÅ¡îμªiì

vÚ©è[ Íè[ޜޜLT ÑÙè˶C Ú¥ë]ª.2) Î ò®LÙÞÂÚÛª ÍÙêŸ ÍìªòÅ¡÷Ù ö˶ÚÛð¼÷àŸªa, ΚùúÃ

OôÁ#êŸÙ êŸô¦yêŸ þ§dôÂ\ÚÛª Ú¥F ›ï°âËμöËÀ ÑèÂÚ¨ Ú¥FNvø‹ÙA ÏîË•yàŸªa.

3) ÍêŸè[Ùç˶ û¦ÚÛª Ú•ÙêŸ Ïù£dÙ šíJTÙC.4) ÷« ÚÛªåªÙò°Eo Í÷÷«ìÙ à¶óŸªè[Ù û¦ÚÛª

Íõî¦åª Íô³ð¼ô³ÙC sOª î¦ÚÛuÙö˺ ÔëÁ êŸí£±pÑÙCz

5) ÚÛí£±p sÎÚ¥øŒÙ Ú¥÷àŸªaz ÷ÙÚÛ àŸ«ú£«h õªÚÛªEÑÙæ°ìª.

6) AJT ÷#a î¦ô¦õª ÍóŸ«uô³.7) û¦ ví£Aá‘õìª ÚÛÙí£²uåôÂö˺ڨ ÓÚ¨\Ùà¦L.

G.S.Rao, Vinukonda

Q: Sir please explain the following in Telugu.1) He is come for the marriage.2) The mighty are fallen on the bloody field.3) The doctor was sent for by him.4) 'Upon Prometheus telling his father, the

wish of his friend, Valentine, he at oncedetermined to send his son to Milan' - Lamb

5) There is little hope of this happening today6) I am opposed to Rama going abroad.7) A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.8) Cleanliness is next to godliness.9) I call in question his statement.A: 1) He is come ú£J Ú¥ë]ª. ÍC He has come

for marriage ÍE ÑÙè¯L = ÍêŸìª šíRxÚ¨÷à¦aè[ª.

2) øŒÚ¨h÷ªÙ꟪õª ô¢ÚÛhú‡ÚÛhîμªiì óŸ³ë]ÌÄô¢ÙÞœÙö˺í£êŸì÷ªóŸ«uô¢ª.

3) ÍêŸè[ª è¯ÚÛdôÂÚ¨ ÚÛñªô¢ª šíæ°dè[ª.4) vð»NªAóŸªúà êŸì ›úo꟪è[ª î¦öËμÙæ¨û¶ ÚÁJÚÛìª

êŸì êŸÙvè…Ú¨ êμõí£Þ¥û¶, ÎóŸªì Ú•è[ªÚ󻓻 NªõûÂìÞœô¦EÚ¨ í£Ù›íÙë]ªÚÛª Eô¢gô³ÙàŸªÚÛªû¦oè[ª.

5) Ð ôÁV ÍC áJ¸Þ ÎøŒ ö˶ë]ª.6) ô¦÷ª Në¶ø‹õÚÛª î�μüŒxè¯Eo û¶ìª ÷uA¸ôÚ¨ú£ªhû¦oìª7) à¶Aö˺ Ñìo í£¤¨, ð»ë]ö˺ Ñìo ·ôÙè[ª í£ÉõêÁ

ú£÷«ìÙ sÍÙç˶ à¶Aö˺ Ñìo Í÷Ú¥ø‹Eo ÷ë]ªõªÚÛªEÍEPaêŸîμªiì Í÷Ú¥ø‹õìª î�μêŸÚÛè[Ù Eô¢ô¢ÌÄÚÛÙz.

8) òÅ¡Ú¨h êŸô¦yêŸ vð§÷³ÜuÙ ÑìoC í£JøŒ‰vòÅ¡êŸ.9) ÍêŸè[ª àμí‡pì Nù£óŸ«Eo û¶ìª ú£î¦õª à¶ú£ªhû¦oìª

M. Ambedkar, Wyra

Q: ú£ô ڨÙC î¦Ú¥u-õìª ÏÙTx-ùÃö˺ Óö° ô¦óŸ«ö˺ êμL-óŸª-â˶-óŸª-Þœ-õô¢ª.

1. û¶ìª öËμjvñ-KÚ¨ îμRx ÷þ§hìª sêŸô¦yêŸz 2. û¶ìª öËμjvñ-KÚ¨ îμRx ÷ú£ªh-û¦oìª sÏí£±pè[ªz 3. û¶ìª öËμjvñ-KÚ¨ îμRx ÷à¦aìª sÏí£±pè˶z 4. û¶ìª î¦üŒxêÁ í£E à¶ô³ú£«h Ñû¦oìª sÏí£±pè[ªz 5. Îîμª êŸì ÚÛüŒ‰x í£K¤Û à¶ô³Ù-àŸª-ÚÛªÙå« ÑÙC sÏí£±pè[ªz 6. ÞœêŸÙ ÞœêŸl A: 1) I will go the library, and come back. 2) I am returning from the library. 3) I have just returned from the library 4) I am making them work 5) She is getting her eyes examined. 6) The past is past.

A. Ranga Rao, Kakinada

Q: Sir, please let me know that 'convenor' and'convener' conveys the same meaning andboth can be used in any context?

A: A person who assembles people for a meet-ing is called a convener. A convenor, on theother hand, is one who gathers or assemblespeople for an official purpose. However,the difference between is gradually disap-pearing.

Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,

Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.

Email your questions to: pratibhadesk@eenadu.net

981

ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 11 ÷«Ja 2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2

þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net

Thumoju Venkatesh

Q: i) I don't know what he is doing.ii) I don't know what he doing is - Which is correct?

A: I don’t know what he is doing – Correct. I don’t knowwhat he doing is – Wrong.

B. Vamsi ChowdaryQ: Sir, please clarify my doubts.1) "Should have", where we can use this word and also

please give some examples.2) "Artificial".

3) "to" êŸô¦yêŸ "THE" Óí£±pè[ª Ñí£óμ«Tþ§hÙ? A: 1) Should have = must have. a) You should have a geometry box when you are taking a

mathematics exam. b) You should have enough money if you want to buy a

house.2) Artificial = Not natural sú£ï£°áÙ Ú¥ECz3) ‘to’ is a preposition and ‘the’ is used after it to refer to

something particular. eg: He wrote a letter to the ChiefMinister / to the teacher, etc.

In the last lesson we have seen the uses ofwill, shall, should, must, have to and has to.We have seen that ‘will’ is being used moreand more in the place of shall on most occa-sions (shall ñë]ªõª ÓÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ ví£ú£ªhêŸÙ will î¦è˶-ú£ªh-û¦oô¢ª.) ‘Shall’ is used mostly in court language,and in rules and law (shall ìª ÓÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ ÚÁô¢ªdòÅ°ù£ö˺, EñÙ-ëÅ]-ìö˺x, àŸæ°d-ö˺x î¦è[-ê¦ô¢ª).

We have also seen, Should = must = haveto (with I, we, you and they) = has to (with he,she and it) is used for commands (Îá‘õª),duties (NëÅ]ªõª) and necessity (Í÷-ú£-ô¦õª).

‘Had to’ is the past form of Should / must /have to / has to, that is, it is used to expresscommands, duties, and necessities in the past. eg: a) He had to come here in the morning

itself (Command / duty in the past).b) He had to attend to some work at home and

that was why he rushed home. (Necessity inthe past).

c) Why had he to do it very urgently?(Obligation).

Other uses of would..

(‘Would’ ÏêŸô¢ Ñí£-óμ«-Þ¥õª n ÏC à¦ö°÷³ÜuÙ n- â°vÞœ-êŸhÞ¥ Þœ÷ª-EÙ-àŸÙè…)H ‘Would’ also refers to the present (‘would’

ìª ví£ú£ªhêŸÙ áJ¸Þ í£ìª-õÚÛª ÚÛ«è¯ î¦è[ê¦Ù. Whenused in the present tense, it means ‘wish to’(ÏC present tense (V1) ö˺ î¦è…ê¶ ÚÁô¢è[Ù Íû¶Íô¢–Ù ÷ú£ªhÙC.)

eg: a) I would like to go home and take rest. (=I wish to go home and take rest – û¶EÙ-æ¨Ú¨î�μRx Nvø‹ÙA Bú£ª-ÚÁ-÷æ°-EÚ¨ Ïù£d-í£-è[ª-꟪-û¦oìª/-Íìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦oìª)

b) They would have a talk with you about the

problem (= They wish to have a talk withyou = î¦üŒ‰x OªêÁ Ð ú£÷ª-ú£u-ìª ÞœªJÙ# ÷«æ°x-è¯õE Íìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦oô¢ª/- Ïù£d-í£-è[ª-꟪-û¦oô¢ª).

c) She would join the picnic (= She wishes tojoin the picnic = Îîμª í‡Ú¨oÚÂÚÛª ô¦î¦-õE ÚÁô¢ª-ÚÛªÙ-æ˺ÙC). Ï÷Fo Ú¨Ùë]æ¨ ð§ôÈ¢Ùö˺ Þœ÷ª-EÙà¦Ù ÚÛë¯?)

H ‘Would’ in questions is also used with themeaning of request (Ná‘í£±h-õÚÛª, Nìo-ð§-õÚÛªÚÛ«è¯ î¦è[ê¦Ù). eg: a) Would you open thedoor for me, please? (Oªô¢ª ë]óŸª-à¶ú‡ êŸõªí£±Bþ§hô¦?)

b) Would you mind lending me your book fora day? (û¦ÚÛª Oª í£±ú£hÚÛÙ ÖÚÛ -ôÁ-VÚÛª Íô¢ª-N-÷y-æ°-EÚ¨ ÍòÅ¡uÙ-êŸ-ô¢÷«?)

H ‘Would’ is used with the meaning of like,love, prefer, etc. (Would ìª Ïù£d-í£-è[åÙ Íû¶Íô¢–ÙêÁ ÚÛ«è¯ î¦è[ê¦Ù).

eg: I would like to have a cup of coffee. (û¦ÚÛªÖÚÛ ÚÛí£±p- Ú¥íƈ ê¦Þ¥-õE ÍE-í‡-þ¼hÙC/- Ïù£d-í£-è[ª-꟪-û¦oìª) Íô³ê¶ ð§êŸ-ôÁ-Vö˺x Ïù£d-í£-è[-æ°EÚ¨‘should’ î¦è[ÚÛÙ ÑÙè˶C.- eg: I should like togo home and take rest.

H ‘Would’ is used when we compare twounlike things (·ôÙè[ª êμÞœ-õÚÛª àμÙCì î�¶¸ôyô¢ª ÷ú£ªh-÷±-õìª ð¼ö˶aÙ-ë]ªÚÛª ÚÛ«è¯ î¦è[ê¦Ù n- Íô³ê¶ ÏÚÛ\è[rather Íë]-ìÙÞ¥ î¦è[ê¦Ù.) eg: I would ratherdie than tell a lie. (= I prefer dying to lying= à¦÷-ûμjû¦ àŸþ§hìª Þ¥F, Íñë]ÌÄÙ ÷«vêŸÙ àμí£pìª.)

H ‘Would’ expresses probability (with themeaning of ‘may’ – áô¢-Þœ-÷-àŸaû¶ Íô¢–ÙêÁ ÚÛ«è¯î¦è[ê¦Ù). eg: The job would take about twodays. (= The job may take about two days =

Î í£EÚ¨ ·ôÙè[ª ôÁVõª í£åd-÷àŸªa)H ‘Would’ is used with the meaning of ‘used

to’ that is, a habitual action in the past(ÞœêŸÙö˺ Íõ-î¦-åªÞ¥ ඛú í£EÚ¨ ÚÛ«è¯ ‘would’î¦è[ê¦Ù. eg: a) When I was young, I wouldtake long walks in the morning sû¶ìª#ìoî¦è…Þ¥ Ñìo-í£±pè[ª, à¦ö° ë]«ô¦õª ìè…-à¶-î¦é¨o.z

b) I would take lots of coffee in the past andthat spoilt my health. sû¶ìª à¦ö° Ú¥íƈ ꦸÞ-î¦-è…E, ë¯E-÷õx û¦ ÎôÁÞœuÙ ð§èËμjÙCz

H ‘Would’ ìª ÷ªìÙ Íõ-î¦-åª-Þ¥- ඛú í£ìª-õÚÛªÚÛ«è¯ î¦è[ê¦Ù: eg: She would always throwthe blame on others, even if it was her fault.(She always threw the blame on others evenif it is her fault = êŸí£±p Îîμªë¶ Íô³-ì-í£p-æ¨Ú©, ÏêŸ-ô¢ª-õìª EÙC-ú£«hû¶ ÑÙåªÙCz

These are the important uses of ‘would’ (ÏN‘would’ ÷³Üu Ñí£-óμ«-Þ¥õªn ò°Þ¥ Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁÙè…z.Must & ought to: Must as we have seenalready is used for duties, commands, andnecessity. Ought to, on the other hand is usedfor moral obligations: Eg: a) You ought to takecare of your parents in their old age. b) Heought not have treated his younger sister sobadly. c) Before blaming others, we ought toknow the truth.

Grammar & Usage

She would always throw the blame..

Ramya Reddy

Q: Sir, "Has/ Have been" E Present perfectcontinuous tense ö˺ use à¶þ§hÙ ÚÛë¯! Íô³ê¶ë¯E í£ÚÛ\ì V4 verb ÷«vêŸî¶ª ô¦î¦L ÚÛë¯ þ§ôÂ.V3 verb E ÚÛ«è¯ use à¶þ§hô¦? ඛúh Óö°Ùæ¨ú£Ùë]-ô¢(ÄÙö˺ use à¶þ§hÙ?

A: Í÷±ìª.- Has (with he/ she/ it) and have (withI/ we/ you/ they) ÚÛª ‘ing’ form à¶Jaê¶ ÍCPresent perfect continuous tense Í÷±-꟪ÙC.

eg: i) He has been studying for the past twohours.

ii) They have been playing for the past one

hour. Íô³ê¶ has been / have been êŸô¦yêŸ V3 (past

participle) ìª ÚÛ«è¯ î¦è[-ê¦Ù. Íí£±p-è[Cpassive voice Í÷±-꟪ÙC.Eg: The shop (it) has been closed (ÿ§íÃ

÷´óŸª-ñ-è…ÙC) / They have beengiven prizes for their hard work.(î¦üŒx vøŒ÷ª íÆ£L-êŸÙÞ¥ î¦üŒxÚÛª ñ-÷ª-꟪-L-÷y-ñ-诓ô³)

P. Shankarlingam, Shayampet

Q: Who gave you the permission?Who did give you the permission? - Whichsentence is correct and why? Pleaseexplain.

A: Who gave you the permission? – Correct.Usually ‘Who’ is not followed by did.

Q: Sir, please let me know the differencebetween the following words.

Barrage ReservoirProject Sagar

A: A barrage is a place for storage of water andthe important thing is that the barrageextends from one bank of the river to the

other bank, and the gates of the barragerests on the bed of the river.

H A reservoir is a place where water isstored for agricultural or drinkingpurposes. A reservoir may be near ariver or away from a river / tank.

H A project is a difficult or an impor-tant task taken up by the govern-ment or a private agency. A projectdoes not necessarily mean a placefor storing water.

H Sagar is a Sanskrit word meaning a sea.

Bala Krishna

Q: í‡õxî¦è[ª ú£«\öËÀÚ¨ î�μüŒxìE ÷«ô¦Ù à¶ú£ªhû¦oè[ª nÐ î¦Ú¥uEo ÏÙTxùÃö˺ Óö° àμð§pL?

A: The boy is adamant / obstinate / firm aboutnot going to school. Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...

þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ, Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,

Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.

Email your questions to: pratibhadesk@eenadu.net

982

- M. Suresan

Writer

1. Discriminate = Ill treat someone especial-ly because of their colour, sex, etc (N÷¤ÛàŸ«í‡ÙàŸè[Ù n ÷ªEù‡ àŸô¢t-í£±-ô¢Ù-Þœª, LÙÞœ -òÅ˶-ë]Ùîμ³ë]öËμjì ÍÙø‹õìª ñæ¨dz.

eg: In the past the whites used discriminateagainst the blacks.

H Discriminate X Equate/ treat fairly (ú£÷«-ìÙÞ¥ àŸ«è[åÙ).

eg: Thanks to Abraham Lincoln the whitesin the US no longer against the blacks.

2. Improvise = Do something without earli-er preparation.

eg: With the material available he impro-vised a new device for tidying up theroom.

H Improvise X Plan. eg: He planned his journey much in

advance. 3. Ceaseless / unceasing = continuous. eg: Under the leadership of Gandhi the

Indians ceaselessly fought peacefullyagainst the British for independence

H Ceaseless / unceasing X Intermittent /irregular.

eg: He was suffering from intermittent painin his shoulder, and he could not find apermanent cure for it.

4. Adoration = Deep love and respect. eg: The doctor has won adoration from the

patient for curing her disease H Adoration X hatred. eg: She was full of hatred for her husband

because he used to be always drunk.5. Indifferent = Uninterested (vøŒë]ÌÄ-ö˶E/- í£æ¨dÙ-

àŸª-ÚÁE). eg: He is indifferent to studiesunlike his brother who studies hard.

H Indifferent X Sincere. eg: He is very sincere about helping me. 6. Essential = Something without which

you cannot get on (ÍêŸuÙêŸ ÷³Üuîμªiì/Ôëμjû¦ ö˶ÚÛð¼ê¶ áô¢ÞœECz

eg: Oxygen is essential for human and ani-mal life.

H Essential X Unimportant. eg: His pres-ence here is unimportant now.

VOCABULARY

ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 18 ÷«Ja 2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2

þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net

Ganashraya, WarangalQ: Sir what is the difference between i) What do you give/

What you give ii) I give to you/ I give you iii) I will giveyou/ I will give to you iv) To do/ Make do - Pleaseexplain.

A: 1) What do you give? – This is the correct questionform. ‘What you give?’ is not correct. Only as a partof a sentence it is correct. eg: I do not know what yougive him. That depends on you.

2) ‘I will give you (what you want)’ is correct and I willgive to you is wrong.

3) To do = sà¶óŸªè[Ùz. I want to do it immediately. To makedo (This is an idiom) = to adjust with something, thoughit is not enough s÷ªìÚ¨ ú£J-ð¼-ô³-ìÙêŸ Ú¥ì-í£p-æ¨Ú© ú£ô¢ªÌ-ÚÛª-ð¼-÷è[Ùz. eg: I will have to make do with the little money Ihave.

Aruna Q: Respected sir, People thought Sue had paid too much

for this house. (Change into passive voice)A: It was thought (by people) that too much had been paid

by Sue for this house.

H Can, Could: ‘Can’ is used 1) with themeaning of ability (can = Þœõ. Ôëμjû¦ à¶óŸª-Þœ-L¸Þ ë¯EÚ¨, can î¦è[ê¦Ù).

eg: a) He can understand English (ÍêŸè[ª ÎÙÞœxÙÍô¢–Ù à¶ú£ª-ÚÁ-Þœ-õè[ª).

b) Can he swim? (ÍêŸè[ª Ðë]Þœõè¯?) c) How can he help me? (ÍêŸè[ª û¦·Úö°

þ§óŸªÙ à¶óŸª-Þœ-õè[ª?)2) Can, especially in the question form, is

sometimes used for asking permission in aninformal manner (ví£øŒo ô¢«í£Ùö˺ can î¦è…-ì-í£±pè[ª ÍÙêŸ í£ë]ÌÄ-AÞ¥ Ú¥ÚÛªÙè¯ Íìª-÷ªA Íè…-¸ÞÙ-ë]ªÚÛª î¦è[ê¦Ù.)

eg: a) Can I come in? (Have I the permission?= û¶ìª ö˺í£LÚ¨ ô¦÷à¦a?)

b) Can I borrow your book for a few days?(Will you allow me to borrow yourbook? = Oª í£±ú£h-Ú¥Eo û¶ìª Ú•Eo ôÁVõªÍô¢ª÷± Bú£ª-ÚÁ-÷à¦a?)

3) Can is used in the statement form for givingpermissions: (‘can’ ìª statement form ö˺Íìª-÷ªA Ï÷y-è¯-EÚ¨ ÚÛ«è¯ î¦è[ê¦Ù.)

eg: a) You can go now. (=You are permitted togo = OªJÚÛ î�μüŒx-÷àŸªa)

b) They can participate in the competitionif they want (= They are permitted toparticipate = î¦üŒ‰x Ú¥î¦-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙç˶ ð¼æ©ö˺ð§ö˹_-ì-÷àŸªa)

Important: Can for permissions is moreinformal than ‘May’.

4. ‘Could’: ‘Could’ is 1) the past form of ‘can’, that is,

if ‘Can’ expresses ability in the present,‘Could’ expresses ability in the past (Could,can ÚÛª ÞœêŸÙ.- ÍÙç˶ ÞœêŸÙö˺ Ôëμjû¦ à¶óŸª-Þœ-LT ÑÙç˶,could î¦è[ê¦Ù.) However, it is doubtful, if aperson was able to do it in the past. (Íô³ê¶ÞœêŸÙö˺ Ó÷-·ôjû¦ Ôëμjû¦ à¶óŸª-Þœ-LT ÑÙè˶-î¦ü°x Íû¶Cú£Ùë¶-.) 5. eg: a) I thought he could do it (ÍêŸè[ª à¶óŸª-

ÞœL¸Þ-î¦-è[E û¶ì-ìª-ÚÛª-û¦oìª.- à¶óŸª-Þœ-L¸Þ-î¦èÁ ö˶ëÁêμLóŸªë]ª) (Present form for this: I think hecan do it – DEÚ¨ present form).

b) He could spend as much money as he liked.(But it is doubtful if he spent as much as heliked – Íô³ê¶ could Óí£±pè[« à¶óŸª-Þœ-L-Þ¥è¯ ö˶ë¯Íû¶ ú£Ùë¶-Eo ÷uÚÛhÙ à¶ú£ªhÙC.)

Compare:He could do it (à¶óŸª-Þœ-L¸Þî¦è˶ Ú¥F, à¶ø‹èÁ ö˶ëÁêμLóŸªë]ª). He was able to do it (He did it,because he had the ability to do it – ÍêŸè[ªà¶óŸªÞœLÞ¥è[ª, ÍêŸè…Ú¨ Î øŒÚ¨h ÑÙC Ú¥ñæ¨d.)

Grammar & Usage He cut the paper by means of..

B. Rajaiah

Q: Sir please explain how to use the followingphrase prepositions with Telugu meanings.

1) By means of 2) By reason of3) With reference to 4) In accordance with5) In comparison to 6) In case of 7) In favour of 8) In order to9) Inspite of 10) In the event of11) On account of

1. By means of = with the use of / with thehelp of (ë¯E þ§óŸªÙêÁ.)

eg: He cut the paper by means of a pair ofscissors.

2. By reason of = Because of a reason (ÎÚ¥ô¢éÙ à¶êŸ).

eg: He is here by reason of his exams. (êŸìí£K¤Ûõ- Ú¥-ô¢-éÙÞ¥ ÍêŸ-E-ÚÛ\è[ Ñû¦oè[ª)

3. With reference to = About something(ë¶ûμj¬oû¦ í£±ô¢-ú£\-JÙ-àŸª-ÚÛªE).

eg: With reference to your letter, I wish towrite to you the following.

4. In accordance with = according to (ë¯Eví£Ú¥ô¢Ù)

eg: In accordance with our agreement, youshould pay me immediately a hundredrupees.

5. In comparison to = when compared withsomething else. (ë¶E-êÁ-ûμjû¦ ð¼L›úh)

eg: In comparison with (to) India, Singaporeis a small country.

6. In case of = if something happens. (ÍC áJ-T-ì-í£±pè[ª)

eg: In case of trouble, please let me know. 7. In favour of = favouring somebody (ÖÚÛ-JÚ¨

Íìª-ÚÛ«-õÙÞ¥) eg: The judge’s judgment was in favour of

him. 8. In order to = to. (ë¯E ÚÁú£Ù) eg: In order to

help him, I spent all my money. 9. Inspite of = though (Íô³ìí£pæ¨Ú©). eg: In

spite of his wealth, he does not spendmoney.

10. In the event of = in case of (Íö°áJTìí£±pè[ª). eg: In the event of his winningthe game the company will reward him.

11. On account of = because of (ÍÙë]ª÷õx).

eg: The school is closed today on accountof Gandhi’s birth day.

B. Gopal, KurnoolQ: Sir please translate the following poem into

Telugu. The poem was written by Ptolemyof Greek astronomer.Mortal I know I am, short - livedand yet, when everI watch the multitude of swirling stars, then I no longer tread this earth, but rise to feastwith God, and enjoy the food of the immortals

A: û¶ìª àŸE-ð¼-ê¦-ìE û¦ÚÛª êμõªú£ª, êŸÚÛª\÷ Ú¥õñ꟪-ÚÛª-ìE Íô³û¦ í£J-vòÅ¡-NªÙචÍêŸuÙêŸ ú£ÙÜuö˺ Ñìoì¤Ûvê¦õìª àŸ«›úh Ð òÅ¡«Nª Oªë] ìè[-÷ìª, Ú¥F ë¶÷±-è…êÁ NÙë¯-ô¢-TÙ-à¶Ù-ë]ªÚÛª šíj·Ú-Þœª-ô¢ª-ê¦ìª à¦÷± ö˶E-î¦-üŒxêÁ NÙë]ª Îþ§y-C-þ§hìª

PraveenQ: Please let me know the difference between

i) He was a good boy ii) He is a good boy - Which one is correct?A: He is a good boy – This refers to the present

/ now = He is a good boy NOW. He was agood boy – This refers to the past. In thepast he was good, now he may or may notbe good, or he might have grown up into aman.

Q: i) I want to know about him also ii) I wantto know also about him - Which is correct?

A: Both are correct. Know about him also =know about him, in addition to another per-son. I want to know also about him = Notonly about somebody else, but also abouthim. Both are more or less the same.

Subhash Reddy

Q: Sir, could you please explain about theusage of 'Rather' in present day English.

A: Rather = 1) somewhat / to some extent –used only with negative characteristics.The boy is rather stupid / bad, etc.

2) Used when you compare two unlike things.I would rather go home than stay here. (= Ihad better go home than stay here).

Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,

Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.

Email your questions to: pratibhadesk@eenadu.net

983

- M. Suresan

Writer

1. Illusion = A false idea or belief. eg: He is under no illusion that he is a great

singer. H Illusion X Reality. eg: He knows that in

reality he is not a great singer.2. Spice = Strong smelling substance like pep-

per / cardamom / cinnamon etc. sú£ªÞœÙëÅ]vë]î¦uõª n óŸ«õÚÛªõª, õ÷ÙÞ¥õª ö°Ùæ¨N.z

eg: The biryani they cooked is full of spicesand was very tasty.

H Spice X blandness (lack of taste – ô¢ª#Þ¥ö˶ÚÛð¼÷è[Ùz. eg: The tea they served us wasbland (tasteless)

3. Essential = Something without which youcannot get on (ÍêŸuÙêŸ ÷³Üu-îμªiì/- Ôëμjû¦ ö˶ÚÛ-ð¼ê¶ áô¢-Þœ-EC.)

eg: Oxygen is essential for human and animallife.

H Essential X Unimportant. eg: His presence here is unimportant now. 4. Grave = 1) Very serious (ÍA Bv÷-îμªiì). eg: You are making a grave mistake by ignor-

ing the patient’s needs 2) A place where a dead body is buried.

eg: The grave of his father is in Hyderabad.(No antonym).

H Essential X Trivial (not serious) eg: His comments on the incident were trivial

and no one paid any attention to it. 5. Harass = Cause serious trouble to someone

(Ïñ(ÙC šíådè[Ù). eg: Politicians harass common people in our

country. H Harass X Soothe (×ë¯-ô¢aè[Ù/- ø‹ÙêŸ-í£-ô¢àŸè[Ù).eg: As she was crying a lot her mother tried to

soothe her. 6. Conviction = Faith / Strong belief (ë]”èÅ[

ì÷ªtÚÛÙ). eg: Gandhi had strong conviction in non-vio-

lence. H Conviction X Distrust (ì÷ªtÚÛÙ ö˶ÚÛ-ð¼-÷è[Ù). eg: A number of people distrusted Gandhi’s

principle of ahimsa.

VOCABULARY

ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 25 ÷«Ja 2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2

þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net

Malan Shirin Imran, KothagudemQ: Tenali Rama says - Íîμ«t! í£ÚÛ\ ô¦áuí£± ô¦V ÓÙêŸ

ë]ªô¦tô¢ª_è[ª? ÷ªÙ# í£Ùè[xE àμí‡p Óö°Ùæ¨ ÷«Nªè… í£Ùè[xìª ÷ªìÚÛªí£Ùð§è[ª. Ð í£Ùè[ª ÷³ÚÛ\ìª Ú•JÚ¨ìÙë]ª¸Ú î�μìªî�μÙåû¶ û¦ÚÛª à¦÷±÷´è…ÙC. Íë¶ í£Ùè[ª îμ³êŸhÙ Aìoî¦è[ª Ôîμªið¼ê¦èÁ - Pleasetranslate into English.

A: What a wicked man the neighbouring king is! Claimingthat the fruits are good, what kind of fruits he sent us! Iam sure to die if bite off a piece of this fruit. If that is thecase what will happen to the one who eats the wholefruit!

Q: Sir, please translate the following into Telugu.i) She wants to be selected for the teacher post. ii) She gets selected. iii) She wants to get selected

A: She wants to be selected for the teacher’s post = Îîμªæ©àŸô ÑëÁuÞ¥EÚ¨ ÓÙí‡ÚÛ Íî¦yõE ÚÁô¢ªÚÛªÙæ˺ÙC.

2) She gets selected = Îîμª æ©àŸô ÑëÁuÞ¥EÚ¨ ÓÙ퇷ÚjÙC, Íó¶ªuÍ÷Ú¥øŒÙ ò°Þ¥ ÑÙC.

3) She wants to get selected = Îîμª æ©àŸô ÑëÁuÞ¥EÚ¨ÓÙí‡ÚÛî¦yõE ÚÁô¢ªÚÛªÙæ˺ÙC.

‘May’ has the force of ‘shall’ in..

Ð î¦ô¢Ù ÷ªìÙ May, Might ÞœªJÙ#êμõªú£ªÚÛªÙë¯Ù.1) ‘May’ expresses possibility or probability in

the present. (‘May’ ìª þ§ëÅ]u÷ªó¶ªuî¦æ¨Ú¨ Þ¥F,ú£ÙòÅ¡NÙàŸè[Ù ú£Ùë¶ï£°ÙÞ¥ ÑÙè˶î¦æ¨Ú¨ Þ¥Fî¦è[ê¦Ùz.

eg: a) He may come (But it is doubtful = Hemay or may not come = ÍêŸè[ª ô¦÷àŸªasú£Ùë¶ï£°Ù.z

b) They may win the match (Perhaps they willwin the match – ñø‹ î¦üŒ‰x ÷«uà ·Þõ÷àŸªaz.

2) ‘May’ in the present tense is used for askingfor permission in the question form in a for-mal manner. (ví£øŒo ô¢«í£Ùö˺ ‘May’ ìª n šíjÍCÅÚ¥ô¢ªõìª à¦ö° ÷ªô¦uë]í£²ô¢yÚÛÙÞ¥ ÑêŸhô¢ªyõªÍè[Þœè¯EÚ¨ î¦è[ê¦Ù.z

eg: a) May I go now? (= Have I the permissionto go now? = û¶EÚÛ î�μüËË•xà¦aÙè…?z

b) May we come in, please? (Have we the per-mission to come in? = ÷³ ö˺í£LÚ¨ô¦÷à¦aÙè…?z

3) ‘May’ in the statement form is used for giv-ing permissions. (î¦ÚÛu ô¢«í£Ùö˺ Íìª÷ªAÏ÷yè¯EÚ¨ ‘May’ î¦è[ê¦ô¢ª. ÷³ÜuÙÞ¥ šíjÍCÅÚ¥ô¢ªõªz

a) You may go now. (You are permitted / youhave the permission to go now = OªJÚÛî�μüŒx÷àŸªa.z

b) They may use the money for company pur-poses (They are allowed to use the money =ÚÛÙšíF Ñí£óμ«Þ¥ô¢–Ù î¦ü°x è[ñª( î¦è[÷àŸªa.z

4) ‘May’ especially in legal / government lan-guage has the force of ‘shall’ (àŸådí£JòÅ°ù£ö˺,ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy ÑêŸhô¢ªyö˺x ‘may’ ìª ‘shall’ êÁú£÷«ìÙÞ¥ î¦è[ê¦ô¢ª.z

a) They may submit the records as soon as pos-sible. (= they shall = î¦üŒ‰x Î JÚ¥ô¢ª“õìª êŸyô¢Þ¥ú£÷ªJpÙà¦L.z

b) They may not leave the office before 6(They have no permission to leave) (6÷³Ùë]ô¢ Ó÷ô¢« Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ Nè…# î�μüŒxÚÛ«è[ë]ª.z

MIGHT: 1) Might in the present tense expresses greater

doubt than May. (May ìª ví£ú£ªhêŸÙú£Ùë¶ï£„õÚÛª/ áJ¸Þ Í÷Ú¥øŒÙ Ñìoî¦æ¨Ú¨ î¦è…ìç˶d,might ìª ÍÙêŸÚÛÙç˶ ÓÚÛª\÷ ú£Ùë¶ï£„õÚÛª/ áJ¸ÞÍ÷Ú¥øŒÙ ÍÙêŸÞ¥ö˶E î¦æ¨Ú¨ î¦è[ê¦Ù.z

a) They may come (doubtful – î¦üŒ‰x ô¦÷àŸªa).b) They might come (very doubtful – î¦üŒ‰x

ô¦÷à¶aîμ« n ÏÙÚ¥ ú£Ùë¶ï£°Ù.zc) Might they be there? (Very doubtful)

(î¦üŒxÚÛ\è[ ÑÙè•à¦a?n ÷ªK ÓÚÛª\÷ ú£Ùë¶ï£°Ù êμL›íí£ë]Ùz

2) Might is the past form of May ( ÏÙÚ•ÚÛæ¨:might, may Ú¨ ÞœêŸÙ. It expresses doubt/probability in the past. (ÏC ÞœêŸÙö˺ ú£Ùë¶ï£„Eo,ú£ÙòÅ¡NÙචÍ÷Ú¥øŒÙ Ñìoë¯Eo êμõªí£±êŸªÙC.z

a) I thought he might come (ÍêŸè[ª ô¦÷à¶aîμ«ÍE ÍìªÚÛªû¦oìªz (Present form: I think hemay come = ÍêŸè[ª ô¦÷àŸaE ÍìªÚÛªÙåªû¦oìª.z

b) They were doubtful if he might come. (ÍêŸè[ªô¦÷à¶aîμ«ìE î¦üŒ‰x ú£Ùë¶ï£°í£è “̄ô¢ªz (Presentform: They are doubtful if he may come).

3) ‘Might’ is used sometimes to ask for per-mission more politely and formally than‘may’, but it is not commonly used. (Mightìª may ÚÛÙç˶ ÓÚÛª\÷ Þ½ô¢÷ÙêÁ ÑêŸhô¢ªyõªÍè[Þœè¯EÚ¨ î¦è[ê¦ô¢ª, Íô³ê¶ DEo ÍÙêŸþ§ëůô¢éÙÞ¥ î¦è[ô¢ªz.

a) Might I go now? (More polite and formalthan, ‘May I go now? – û¶EÚÛ î�μüŒx÷à¦a? – MayI go now ÚÛÙç˶ ÓÚÛª\÷ ÷ªô¦uë]Þ¥ Íè[Þœè[Ù. nÍô³ê¶ DEo ÍÙêŸÞ¥ î¦è[ô¢ª.z

b) Might I take some money from the compa-ny’s account? (û¶ìª ÚÛÙšíF ÍÚ˽ÙæÀ ìªÙ# Ú•ÙêŸè[ñª( Bú£ªÚÁ÷à¦a?z (More polite and formalthan, ‘May I take some money from thecompany’s account? – DE ÚÛÙç˶ ‘Might Itake some money from the company’saccount ÓÚÛª\÷ ÷ªô¦uë]Þ¥ Íè[Þœè[Ù.z

However, ‘Might’ for permissions is rarelyused. (Íô³ê¶ ÑêŸhô¢ªyõÚÛª, Might ìª ÍÙêŸÞ¥î¦è[ô¢ª. ÓÚÛª\÷ ‘may’ û¶ î¦è[ê¦ô¢ª.z

984

VOCABULARY

Grammar & Usage

Beesula RajaiahQ: Respected sir, please tell me the meanings

of the following words in Telugu and givesome examples.

1) Appear for 2) Averments 3) Bagging 4) Public cause5) Plea for 6) Public interest 7) Emerge 8) Compaign 9) Put across 10) Sizeable11) Locus standi 12) Allegedly 13) Sped off 14) Poll-bound 15) Crown rule

1. Appear for = Being present (at an inter-view/ at some function, etc.) (ÚÛE-í‡Ù-àŸè[Ù/-ví£êŸu-¤Û-÷ª-÷è[Ù/ -áô¢ªÚ¥÷è[Ù)

eg: a) He appeared for the interview yesterday. b) God appeared before him. c) He appeared in the court yesterday.

2. Averments = declaration (to aver = todeclare / make a statement that somethingis true – ví£ÚÛ-æ¨Ù-àŸè[Ù.)

eg: His averment was that he did not steal themoney. (ê¦ìª è[ñª(õª ë•ÙT-LÙ-àŸ-ö˶-ë]E ÍêŸè[ªví£ÚÛ-å-ì à¶ø‹è[ª.)

3. Bagging = getting (ð»Ùë]è[Ù). eg: He was happy at bagging the prize.

(ñ÷ªA ð»ÙC-ìÙ-ë]ªÚÛª ÍêŸè[ª ú£ÙêÁ-ù‡Ù-à¦è[ª) 4. Public cause = Something that is of help to

the public (= people). ví£á-õÚÛª Ñí£-óμ«-Þœ-í£è˶Nù£óŸªÙ.

eg: He is fighting with the government for apublic cause (ví£áõ ÷ªÙ#- ÚÁú£Ù ÍêŸè[ªví£òÅ¡ªêŸyÙêÁ ð¼ô¦-è[ª-꟪-û¦oè[ª.)

5. Plea for = make a request (Ná‘í‡h à¶óŸªè[Ù)eg: His pleas to the police to let off his brother

were useless. (êŸì þ¼ë]-ô¢ª-è…E Nè…-í‡Ù-àŸ-÷ªEÍêŸè[ª ð¼M-ú£ª-õÚÛª à¶ú‡ì Nìoí£Ù Eô¢ª-í£-óμ«-Þœ-îμªiÙC.)

6. Public interest = in the interest of the people(ví£á-õÚÛª õª-ඛú)

eg: He fought with the government in public

interest. (ví£â˺-í£-óμ«-Þ¥ô¢–ÄÙ ÍêŸè[ª ví£òÅ¡ª-êŸyÙêÁð¼ô¦-è¯è[ª)

7. Emerge = Come out of some place (ÖÚÛ àÁæ¨-ìªÙ# ñóŸª-åÚÛª ô¦÷è[Ù)

eg: He emerged from the room at midnight(Íô¢ÌÄ-ô¦vA í£²å ÍêŸè[ª Î ÞœC- ìªÙ# ñóŸª-æ¨-Ú•à¦aè[ª).

8. Compaign = Movement (Ñë]u÷ªÙ)eg: Mahatma Gandhi campaigned for non-vio-

lence. (ÍÙ-ú£ -ÚÁú£Ù Þ¥ÙDÅ Ñë]u-NªÙ-à¦ô¢ª.) 9. Put across = Explain (N÷-JÙ-àŸè[Ù). eg: The

teacher succeeded in putting across the dif-ficult problem to the students. (Ñð§-ëůu-óŸ³è[ªÎ ú£ÙÚ¨xù£d ú£÷ª-ú£uìª Në¯u-ô¢ª–õÚÛª N÷-JÙ-àŸ-è[Ùö˺NáóŸªÙ þ§CÅÙ-à¦è[ª.)

10. Sizeable = large (ò°Þ¥ ÓÚÛª\-÷-Þ¥ -Ñìo). eg: He has a siz(e)able amount of money in the

bank. (ÍêŸ-è…Ú¨ ò°uÙÚÛªö˺ ÓÚÛª\-÷-Þ¥û¶ è[ñª(õªÑû¦oô³.)

11. Locus standi = The right to appear in acourt or before anybody on a given ques-

tion. sÔëμjû¦ ú£÷ªú£u Oªë] ÚÁô¢ªdö˺ ví£î�¶PÙà¶ï£°ÚÛª\.z eg: He has no locus standi toappear before a court and argue his case.

12. Allegedly = Facing a complaint (ÍêŸè… Oªë]Ñìo ÎôÁí£éz. eg: He has allegedly (noproof yet – only a complaint) committedthe theft. së•ÙÞœêŸìÙ à¶ø‹è[û¶ ÎôÁí£é ÍêŸè…Oªë] ÑÙCz.

13. Sped off – The past tense (V2) of speed off= to go to some place at great speed. eg: The train sped off in a few minutes (ηôjõª Ú•CÌ ENªÿ§ö˺xû¶ î�¶ÞœÙ ÍÙë]ªÚÛªÙC.z

14. Poll-bound = Going to vote (×åª î�¶óŸªè¯EÚ¨î�μüŒ‰êŸªû¦oz eg: Some states in India werepoll-bound last week (Ú¨Ùë]æ¨ î¦ô¢ÙòÅ°ô¢êŸë¶øŒÙö˺ Ú•Eo ô¦ÿZ§õª ×åª î�¶ø‹ô³.z

15. Crown rule = Rule by a king / queen (ô¦VÞ¥F ô¦é¨ Þ¥F Ôö˶ ví£òÅ¡ªêŸyÙ). eg: The coun-try is under crown rule.

Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,

Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.

Email your questions to: pratibhadesk@eenadu.net

- M. Suresan

Writer

1. Drab = Uninteresting / dull (Íû¦ú£Ú¨hÚÛô¢îμªiì,Ñê¦q٠ÚÛLTÙàŸEz.

eg: The movie was drab, and was pro-longed too much.

H Drab X exciting sÑê¦qEo ÚÛLTÙà¶.zeg: The circus was very exciting and did

not allow us to turn our heads. 2. Soak = drench make something fully wet

(û¦ìòËμådè[Ù/ í£²JhÞ¥ FüŒxö˺ ÷³ÙàŸè[Ù.zeg: He soaked his clothes in soap water,

before washing them. H Soak X dry, dry up sÓÙè[òËμåªdz

eg: After washing the clothes he driedthem up.

3. Fatal = causing death s÷ªô¢é Ú¥ô¢ÚÛîμªiìz.eg: He died in a fatal accident.

H Fatal X safe s¸¤÷ªÚÛô¢îμªiìz4. Prosper = flourish / be successful sšíjÚ¨

ô¦÷è[Ù/ ÍGÅ÷”CÌÄ àμÙë]è[Ùz. eg: He started a business and has pros-

pered. H Prosper X Decline s¤©é¨ÙàŸè[Ùz

eg: His business declined as he was unableto compete with the other merchants.