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Will Copenhagen Open a Door for Taiwan ?. Chi-Jen Yang Research Scientist Center on Global Change Duke University. Worldwide CO 2 Emission. UNFCCC Article 20. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Will Copenhagen Open a Door for Taiwan ?
Chi-Jen Yang
Research Scientist
Center on Global Change
Duke University
Worldwide CO2 Emission
UNFCCC Article 20
This Convention shall be open for signature by States Members of the United Nations or of any of its specialized agencies or that are Parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice and by regional economic integration organizations…from 20 June 1992 to 19 June 1993.
Taiwan
UNFCCC Article 22
The Convention shall be subject to ratification, acceptance, approval or accession by States and by regional economic integration organizations….
Taiwan
Kyoto Protocol Article 24This Protocol shall be open for signature and subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States and regional economic integration organizations which are Parties to the Convention.
Taiwan
CO2 per capita
Source: IEA, Key World Energy Statistics 2009.
GDP per capita
Why would Taiwan want to reduce GHG?• To be a responsible member in global
community
• Alarming experiences in the past
• CITES • 1994 trade sanction over tigers and rhino
• Montreal Protocol• Trade sanction to non-parties
Kyoto Annex-I-style Commitment for Taiwan?
Source: Taiwan EPA
GHG Reduction Bill• under review in the legislature
• would authorize TEPA to regulate GHG
• Performance standards
• Cap-and-trade scheme
• would not obligate TEPA to a pre-specified target of reduction—leave the decision to TEPA
GHG Emission Targets• Short-term (2016-2020): to return to 2008 levels • Mid-term (2025): to 2000 levels • Long-term (2050): to 50% of 2000 levels
Stepwise StrategyStage II
One year after the Act
Stage IIIThree years after the Act
Stage IV TEPA implements
in accordance with international
development
Cap-and-Trade
GHG performance standards,permit and
offset
Voluntary inventory reporting,, EIA offset
Mandatory inventory reporting
, voluntary reduction
Stage IBefore the Act
Designated sources
Designated sources
and new entrants
Target setting by TEPA;
Action plan by relevant authorities
VoluntaryParticipation
EU Post-Kyoto Vision• OECD-wide carbon market by 2015.
• Include major emerging economies (Taiwan?) by 2020.
• Eventually, a global carbon market.
Is there a way to fit Taiwan in?
World Health Assembly (WHA) model World Trade Organization (WTO) model WCPF Convention model
WHA Model 1997–2001: Taiwan applied for WHA observer as
“Republic of China (Taiwan)”, failed due to strong opposition from PRC.
2002: applied as “Taiwan”, failed again. 2003: as “Health authorities of Taiwan”, failed.
2004–2008: as “Taiwan”, all failed. 2009: at the request of PRC, WHA invited “Chinese
Taipei” to be an observer.
WTO Model
Accession rule: any state or customs territory having full autonomy in the conduct of its trade policies may join the WTO
Taiwan joined WTO as “Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu” in 2002.
WCPF Convention
Convention for the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean• Any fishing entity…may…agree to be bound by the
regime established by this Convention. • Such fishing entity shall participate in the work of the
Commission…and shall comply with the obligations under this Convention.
WCPF Convention: Record of Fishing Vessels
Does 1% matter?
1% = 47 million passenger cars = 23 million homes = 58 million acres of forest
Acknowledgement
Dr. Hui-Chen Chien
Deputy Director-General
Department of Air Quality Protection and Noise Control
Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration