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Wildlife Tracker:
Complete Design
Review
MSD I
Team P14347
Team P14347 “Arrow Guys” &
Introduction
Member Role
Eric Peterson Team Leader / EE
Alex Pelkey ME
Joseph Ciccarello EE
Frank Meola EE
Timothy Nash ME
Agenda
Progress Report
Project Background
System Analysis
Mechanical Analysis
Electrical Analysis
Risk Assessment
Test Plan
MSD II Plan
Questions
Progress Report
Google Maps API programming has been explored
User Device Module Block Diagram Established (w/ Pin
Connections)
Arrow Attachment Deviation Experiment has been conducted
Microcontroller selected
Budget Finalized
BOM refinement is in progress
Received Linx Technology products
Previous Questions:
Further FCC regulations, 1W for a transmission of digitally
modulated signals in our bandwidth (902-928 MHz)
Using one active antenna on each device, multiple miniature
embedded antennas on the arrow attachment
Current & Desired State
Injured animals can travel substantial distances, may be
difficult to track
Game which has been shot and cannot be found leads to
more animal deaths and inefficient hunting
Wildlife Tracker will detach from arrow and remain attached
to animal
Handheld device will provide GPS location of animal
Stakeholders
Primary Customer: Dr. Eli Saber
Faculty Guide: Art North
End Users: Bow Hunters
Other: Hunting Stores/Distributors, Game Wardens,
Environmental Activists, Linx Technologies
MSD Team 14347
Project Deliverables
Durable re-attachable tracking device that connects onto an
arrow
Handheld user device that monitors the location of the GPS
attachment
‘Second Chance’ retrieval feature (In case shot is not fatal)
Intuitive, easy to understand User Manual
Cellphone GPS application
Benchmarking
GameVector Deer Recover System
• $399.99
• 45 Grains (2.9 grams)
• Battery life of 48-72 hours
• Up to two mile range
• Tested for bows shooting up to 300 feet per second
• Currently sold out
Customer Requirements
Engineering Requirements
Functional Decomposition Locate Wildlife
Attach to Arrow
Access Arrow
Attach to Wildlife
Does not alter Shot
Detach from Arrow
Link to Animal
Remains attached during
Flight
Protect Functional
Integrity
Safeguard Electronics
Indicate Location of Attachment
Device
Transmit Signal
Activate Transmitter
Receive Signal
Activate Receiver
Process and Interpret Signal
Morphological Analysis
Solutions
Sub-
Functions
1 2 3 4 5
Attach to Arrow Spring-Dowel
Pin Clip Adhesive Magnet
Attach to
Wildlife Barbed Hook Pronged Tip
Spring-Activated
Clamp
Retractable
Prongs
Transmit/Recei
ve Signal Transponder WiMAX
Cell Phone
Signal Radio Waves
Indicate
Location Audio Speaker LCD Map
Visual-Blinking
LED
Cellphone
Integration Dial Indicator
Protect
Functional
Integrity
Enclosure Potting
Compound Airbags?
Activate
Transmitter Accelerometer On/off switch
Animal Circuit
Activation
Physical Architecture
RF
Receiver
RX
Antenna
RF
Transmitter
Battery
Arrow Clip
GPS Satellites
Arrow Attachment Handheld Device
Tx
Antenna
GPS
Receiver
Audio Jack
GPS
Receiver
Google Maps
Microcontroller
Hide Hook
Active
Antenna(s)
iPhone
On/Off
Switch
Bow Efficiency vs Arrow Weight
Example
B.W. Kooi - “On the Mechanics of the Bow and Arrow”
Front of Center Inputs Value Units
Broadhead Weight 100 Grains
Broadhead Length 1.5 inches
Arrow Weight 450 Grains
Arrow Length 32 inches
Attachment Placement behind Broadhead 2 inches
Low FOC 7.00%
High FOC 15.00%
Center of Gravity Calculations
Shaft COG 0.4064 m
Broadhead COG 0.82423 m
Attachment COG 0.7874 m
Optimal C.O.G. Calculations
L 0.8509 m
Low COG 0.485013 m
High COG 0.553085 m
Force Calculations
Low Broadhead contribution 0.002198 Nm
Low Shaft contribution 0.002292 Nm
High Broadhead contribution 0.001757 Nm
High Shaft contribution 0.004277 Nm
Minimum Attachment Weight 0.311612 grams
Maxiumum Attachment Weight 10.75592 grams
Minimum Attachment Weight 4.808904 grains
Maxiumum Attachment Weight 165.9892 grains
Optimal F.O.C values were found at
Goldtip.com and ArcheryReport.com
Arrow Trajectory
Inputs for Trajectory with Drag
Initial Velocity 231 ft/s
70 m/s
Launch Angle (from slider) 0.000 degree
bow angle 0.000
Launch height (eye=0) 1 meters
Drag Coefficient 1.25000 (1/m)
Drag Power 1.0
Projectile Mass 550 grains
0.03564 kg
CALCULATIONS FOR VELOCITY
Arrow Mass 0.03564 kg
Bow Weight 65 ft lbs
Energy 88.127 Joules
Muzzle Velocity 70.3233018 m/s
Muzzle Velocity 230.719502 ft/s
Form Factors
Arrow Flight Test
Test Procedure
Bow sights calibrated for regular arrow
5 shots fired from 20 meters of each design
X and Y Distances measure from bulls-eye
Calculate mean, median, standard
deviation…etc
Test Attachments
400 Grain Carbon Arrows with 125 Grain Field Tips
65lb Martin “MAG CAT” Compound Bow Attachment Weight Total Weight
grams grams
Arrow - 34.02
Tapered Obround 43.1 77.12
Obround 55.15 89.17
Tapered 45.75 79.77
Streamline 55.23 89.25
Testing Photos
Arrow Flight Test Average Distance
mm X Y Distance
Baseline 19.45 12.44 19.01 16.34
Tapered Obround 399.12 12.44 35.56 35.39
Obround 833.66 25.90 233.02 232.74
Tapered 350.92 55.65 52.30 51.60
Streamline 270.34 22.14 34.45 33.77
Standard Deviation (mm)
Other Testing Notes
The attachments ended up being much heavier
than expected
Arrow speed was not measured but was visibly
slower for all attachments
All attachments except the streamline were
very loud when traveling through the air
Experimental Video to display
Arrow Attachment Device
Electronics
User Device Electronics
GPS Receiver
Linx Technologies RXM-GPS-RM
Includes evaluation kit
Operating Voltage: 3.0-4.3V (Typically 3.3V)
Supply Current: 12-14mA (Peak of 44mA)
NMEA Output Messages
Embedded Ceramic Antenna (not included)
GPS Receiver
RF Transceiver
Linx Technologies TRM-915-R250
No evaluation kit included, plan to substitute using Raspberry
Pi
Operating Voltage: 3.3V
Supply Current:
Receive: 25mA
Transmit: 60-200mA
Frequency: 902-928MHz
Can transmit to distances of up to 4km
Relying on newer model being released this summer
Microcontroller
Made by Microchip Technology
Programmable Intelligent Computer
Low Cost
Widely Used
Serial Programming in C
MPLAB
Free IDE provided by Microchip
Operating Current
175μA
Operating Voltage
2.0V – 5.5V
Antenna Selection
TX Antenna:
66089 Series by Anaren
915MHz center frequency
SWR <1.7 typical
Gain: 3dBi
Quarter wave
RX Antenna:
ANT-916 by Linx
916MHz center frequency
SWR <1.9 typical
Gain: 1.8dBi
Quarter wave
GPS Antenna:
W3011A by Pulse Electronics
Ceramic
Gain: 3-3.3dBi
1.575GHz center frequency
Surface mount
Conceptual Model of User Device
Power Consumption
Arrow Attachment Electronics
Device
Power Consumption
(mW)
GPS Receiver 42.9
RF Transmitter 330
Total: 372.9
User Device Electronics
Device
Power Consumption
(mW)
RF Receiver 25
Microcontroller 1
Total: 30
𝑃 = 𝑉 ∗ 𝐼
Google Maps Integration
Handheld
Device
Receive GPS
Coordinates
Display
Phone
Location
Display
GPS
Coordinate
Location
Store
Locations
on the
Cloud as a
“Map”
Google Maps Handheld Device
Application
Relay GPS
Coordinates
to Google
Maps
Sends Save
Command to
Google Maps
Google Maps API
ID Risk Item Effect Cause
Lik
elih
oo
d
Severi
ty
Imp
ort
an
ce
Action to Minimize Risk Owner
1 Effect on flight of the arrow
The attachment could
cause an inaccurate
shot
The aerodynamics of
the arrow become
faulty
3 3 9
Ensure the aerodynamics of the
arrow are unaffected by the
attachment
Tim/Alex
2 Range of the Device Location of the animal
unknown
The animal becomes
out of range of the
device
3 3 9 Wireless data transmission test Eric/Joe/Frank
3
Enough holding force for
the attachment to the
arrow
Tracker doesn’t stay on
arrow during flight or
impact
Not enough holding
force to the arrow 3 3 9
Test by applying a pulling force to
the attachment of the arrow Tim/Alex
4 Unfamiliarity with wireless
Transmitting/Receiving
Difficulties choosing the
best method for signal
translation
Lack of RF/wireless
transmission
knowledge
3 3 9 Seek help from an expert in the
signals field (ie. Dr. Amuso) Eric/Joe/Frank
5 Circuitry size constraint
Weight and size of
arrow becomes too
robust
Unnecessary
circuitry 3 3 9
Keep the circuitry small enough to
fit into your palm Eric/Joe/Frank
6 Placement of mechanism
onto arrow
Cause injury/ harm to
the user or effect the
accuracy of the shot
Placing the device
towards the butt of
the arrow
3 3 9 Avoid placing the device towards
the back or mid section of the arrow Tim/Alex
7 Transceiver Dimensions Increases arrow
attachment size
To fit the transceiver,
the attachment will
have to be enlarged
3 2 6
Adjust arrow dynamics of the arrow
attachment, or find a smaller RF
transceiver
P14347
Risk Assessment A
Risk Assessment B
ID Risk Item Effect Cause
Lik
elih
oo
d
Severi
ty
Imp
ort
an
ce
Action to Minimize Risk Owner
8 Loss of Signal Transmission Animal becomes lost
Heavily wooded areas
or obstacles blocking
the signal of the
attachment to the user
device
2 3 6
Explore all frequencies for which the
RF components can operate on, and
select the frequency which provides
the most minimal interference
Eric/Joe/Frank
9 Animal falling on top of
attachment
The signals from the
attachment will be
seriously if not
completely attenuated
The body of the animal
causes a median, for
which signals cannot
pass through
2 3 6
Operate in a range of frequency, which
signals can pass through the deer
carcass
Team P14347
10 Detachability of the device
If the device doesn’t
detach the attachment
could block the
penetration of the shot
Faulty detachment
mechanism 2 2 4
Test the device on different material
surfaces Tim/Alex
11 Part Lead Times Delays in the projection Procrastination 2 2 4 Ensure the parts are ordered ahead
of schedule Team P14347
12 Avoiding Patent
Infringement
Product can’t go to
market
Lack of attention to
detail and patents 1 2 2
Be aware and research all current
restraints by patents Team P14347
13 Durability of attachment
(Reusability)
Device is fragile and
requires replacing
periodically
Weak materials and
poor construction of
device
2 1 2 Ensure that weak, brittle materials
are a last resort Tim/Alex
14 Budget Conservation Going over budget Poor budgeting 1 1 1 Draft and follow a strict budget Team P14347
15 Geometry of the device An alarming sound,
alerting the animal Bulky geometry 1 1 1
Computation model of the
aerodynamic drag of the attachment Tim/Alex
Test Plan
Bill of Materials
Project Plan for MSD II
Prototyping Design
3D Printing Enclosures
Application Development (for Google Maps
Integration)
Integrate the User Device Module
Monitor budget
Test for engineering requirements
Utilize summer for further progress
Questions?