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Wildlife- and Habitat ManagementACI WORLD ENVIRONMENT STANDING COMMITTEECairo, 26-27 November 2008
Dr. Peter MarxVice President Environmental ManagementFraport AG
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 2
Agenda
2
Why Wildlife Control and Habitat Management?
Responsibilities
Operational Safety
3 Steps to an efficient Habitat Management
Main Problem in Europe
Frankfurt Airport
Examples
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 3
Risk: Bird strike (flock of pigeons)
Maximale Bildgröße: 20,75 cm x 6,25 cm (bis 12,49 cm)103dpi
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 4
Bird Incidence
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 5
Mammals „attack“
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 6
Why Wildlife Control and Habitat Management?
6
Main Target:Saving lives and avoiding costs - by
Reducing Risks and Dangers from Biological Impacts on Aviation
• Collision of birds with aircraft („Bird Strike“)
• Collisions of animals with aircraft or other vehicles on the ground
• Absorbing of animals or plants by aircraft turbine engines (swarm of insects, grasshoppers)
• Digging up of aviation areas by animals that could lead to irruptions of aircraft or movable equipment into the ground
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 7
Responsibilities
• ICAO: Aerodromes, Annex 14, Vol. 1, Chapter 9• ICAO: Airport Planning Manual (ICAO DOC 9184), Part 2,
Land Use and Environmental Control, Appendix 2:• ICAO: Airport Services Manual (Doc 9137), Part 3 - Bird
Control and Reduction, Appendix 1:
The airport operator is responsible to manage and set up a management plan of the biosphere influencing the airport (wildlife hazard assessment).
Generally, in case of disregard the airport operator is responsible for accidents and insurance companies of airlines will ask for reimbursement.
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 8
Effecting operational safety at airports
Vicinity:
• Approach and climb-out areas
On airport:
• Building infrastructure (nesting, sleeping / technical, hygienicproblems)
• Apron, runways, taxing ways, roads, parking positions, lightning(from greeneries to concrete: drying, warming up, chasing)
Airfield Airport vicinityLanding 200 ft. and lower 1000 – 200 ft.
Departure up to 500 ft. 500 – 1500 ft.
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 9
Step 1 to an efficient Habitat Management
Intensive Analysis of Problems
Keeping complete and regular Statistics on:
• Accidents
• Incidents
• Appearance of species esp. birds(Continuous observation of birds for years)
• Biology/habits of these species
Exchanging experiences
Use of scientific results 2299
border ofobservation sector
point ofobservation
number ofobservationpoint
subdivision ofobservation sector
AA
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 10
Vicinity of the airport (Bird strike)
Planning and land-use zoning :Land uses may be graded in two areas, Area A and B surrounding an airport. These Areas are arrived at by describing two concentric circles (radii 3 and 8 km respectively) around an airport, centered on the Airport Reference Point. Any land use, which has the potential for attracting birds to the airport vicinity, should be the subject of a study to determine the likelihood of bird strikes to aircraft using the airport.
Agriculture (eg. landscape nurseries, stock farming, fruit tree farming) Wildlife Sanctuaries (game reserves) Recreational (golf courses, parks, playgrounds, athletic fields, riding trails) Commercial (offices, retail sales, hotels and motels, restaurants, warehouses shopping centers, service stations)Municipal Utilities (water treatment, non-food garbage landfill, food garbage disposal)
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 11
Step 2 to an efficient Habitat Management
• Identification of risks from animals for Aviation
• Modelling of forecasts for the appearance of dangerous species
Development ofForecasts and
Impact Assessment
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 12
Step 3 to an efficient Habitat Management
DevelopmentMgmt. Plan
Designing measures helping to keep unwanted species away from aviation areas:
• Nomination of a responsible for habitat mgmt.
• Partitioning of aviation area against unwanted animals
• Making aviation areas and surroundings unattractive habitats
• Repelling, catching or killing unwanted animals
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 13
Main problem in Europe …
13
... Bird strike !Serious problem especially in spring and fall when bird migration occurs...But peak: young birds during June, July!
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 14
Frankfurt Airport (I)
14
Policy: Taking preventive action to create unattractive living conditions for unwanted species in order to prevent their appearance on the airport and its surroundings.
• Partitioning of the aviation area with solid fences to prevent the appearance of mammals
• Use of nets to prevent the infiltration of birds
• Ban seat posts for birds in the aviation areas
• Use of preventive acoustic, visual, chemical, biological devices as well as electromagnetic radiation to prevent the infiltration of birds
Preventive Actions: • Regular monitoring of mammals and birds according to standardized procedures
• Training of responsible staff (monitoring aviation areas)
• Avoiding ponds and marshes in the airport surroundings
• Avoiding plants being food sources or shelter
• Avoiding open waste or waste dumps in airport surroundings
• Development of grass cutting plans
• Hunting of mice (food source for predator birds)
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 15
Frankfurt Airport (II)
15
• Hunting of mammals (foxes, rabbits, deer,
boars) on the airfields
• Use of traps to catch unwanted species
• Use of guns for bird deterrence in
emergencies
• Intensive pest control
• Landscaping with specific unattractive plants
for birds
Corrective Actions:
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 16
Natural Habitats…
Frankfurt Airport City
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 19
Waste Deposit
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 20
Catching Animals
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 21
Repelling Birds from the Runway
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 22
Landscape
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 23
Examples for Active Protection
WESC, Cairo, 26-27 Nov. 2008 page 24
Examples for Passive Protection