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Graphic Graphic DesignDesign

Graduate Student:Bertha Lucia Fries

July 2006

CCT

Critical Thinking

Dispositions

1. Seek a clear

statement of the thesis or

question

2. Seek reasons

3. Try to be well

informed

4. Use and mention credible sources

5. Take into account the

total situation

6. Try to remain

relevant to the main

point

7. Keep in mind the original and/or basic

concern8. Look for alternatives

9. Be open minded

a. Consider seriously

other points of view

(dialogical thinking).

b. Reason from premises with which one disagrees,

without letting the disagreement interfere with

one’s reasoning (suppositional thinking)

c. Withhold judgment when the evidence

and reason are insufficient.

10. Take a position/change a position when the

evidence and reasons are

sufficient to do so

11. Seek as much precision

as the subject permits

12. Deal in an orderly manner with the parts of

a complex whole

13. Use one’s critical thinking abilities

14. Be sensitive to the feelings, level of

knowledge, and degree of

sophistication

Graphic x: Critical Thinking DispositionsDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Focusing on a

question

1. Analyzing arguments

2. Asking and

answering questions of clarification

and/or challenge

3. Judging the

credibility of a

source

4. Observing and judging observation

reports

5. Deducing and judging deductions

6. Inducing and

judging inductions

7. Making value

judgments 8. Defining terms and

judging definitions in

three dimensions

(form, definitional strategy, content)

9. Identifying assumptions

10. Deciding

on an action

11. Interacting with others

Graphic x: Focusing on a questionDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Tendencies toward distinct

patterns of thinking

behaviors

Disposition to be curious

and questioning

Disposition to think broadly

and adventurously

Disposition to reason

clearly and carefully

Disposition to organize

one’s thinking

Disposition to give

thinking time

Graphic x: Tendencies toward distinct of thinking behaviorsDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

A

Caused

BCured

Prevented

Graphic x: Establishing CausalityDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Causal argument is reasoning which purpose to test whether A causes B

A

Could cause

BDid cause

Does cause

The situation is one we have an interest in controlling the cause

Graphic x: All causalDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

INDUCTIONINDUCTIONDEDUCTIONDEDUCTION

Forming a general theory of explanation

based on specific observations that have been made previously.

Making a specific

prediction based on a general

principle believed to be

true.

Graphic 4: Deduction and InductionDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

¿¿¿¿????

IDEAS

METACOGNITION Is our ability to know what we know and what we don’t know

Graphic 6: Metacognition Design: Bertha Lucía Fries

SEVEN SINS OF MEMORY Sins of

comission: some form of memory is present, but it is either incorrect or unwarranted.

Transience

Absent-mindedness

Blocking

Misattribution

Suggestibility

Bias

Persistence

Graphic 8: Seven sins of memoryDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Sins of omission: fail to bring to mind a desired fact or idea.

11:00 Ask questions

1:00 Have a voice

3:00 Be open

4:00 Utilize help

5:00 Question the experts6:00 Gain knowledge

7:00 Listen

8:00 Recognize your assumptions

9:00 Strategic thinking

10:00 Re-conceptualize

2:00 Consider other pespectives

Graphic 10: The Novice Sage ManifestoDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

METHODOLOGICAL BELIEF

0:01 What’s interesting or helpful about the view? What are some intriguing features that others might not have noticed?

0:02 What are some intriguing features that others might not have noticed?

0:03 What would you notice if you believed this view?

0:04 How would the world work differently

if this were true?

0:05 Under what conditions might this idea actually be

true?

Graphic 11: Methodological BeliefDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Verbal/Linguistic Intelligence

Capacites involved

Understanding order and meaning of words

Convincing someone of a course of action

Humor

Memory and recall

Graphic 12a: Multiple Intelligences: Verbal/LinguisticDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

“Meta-linguistic” analysis

Explaining, teaching and learning

Logical/Mathematical Intelligence

Capacities involved

Abstract pattern recognition

Inductive reasoning

Deductive reasoning

Performing complex calculations

Scientific reasoning

Discerning relationships and connections

Graphic 12b: Multiple Intelligences: Logical MathematicalDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Visual/Spatial Intelligence

Capacities involved

Active imagination

Forming mental images

Finding your way in space Graphic

representationImagine manipulations

Graphic 12c : Multiple Intelligences: Visual SpatialDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Accurate perception from different angles

Recognizing relationships of objects in space

Body/Kinesthetic Intelligence

Capacities involved

Control of preprogrammed

movements Expanding awareness through the

body

Mimetic abilities

Improved body

functioning

The mind and body

connection

Control voluntary

movements

Graphic 12d: Multiple Intelligences: Body/ KinestheticDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Musical/Rhytmist Intelligence

Capacities involved

“Schemas” or “frames” in the

mind for hearing music

Sensitivity to sounds

Sensing characteristic qualities of a

tone

Recognition, creation, and

reproduction of melody/rhythm

Appreciation for the

structure of music

Graphic 12e : Multiple Intelligences: Musical/RhytmistDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Sensitivity to other’s moods, temperaments, motivations and feelings

Interpersonal Intelligence

Capacities involved

Working cooperatively in a group

“Passing over” into the perspective of another

Creating and maintaining synergy

Effective verbal/non-verbal communication

Graphic 12f: Multiple Intelligences: Interpersonal Design: Bertha Lucía Fries

Ability to discern other’s underlying intentions and behavior

Intrapersonal Intelligence

Capacities involved

Metacognition

Awareness and expression

of different feelings

Higher-order thinking and reasoning

Mindfulness

Graphic 12g: Multiple Intelligences IntrapersonalDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Concentration of the mind

Transpersonal sense of the

self

Three Aspects of Successful Intelligence

Analytically

CreativelyPractically

Graphic 13: Three Aspects of Successful Intelligence Design: Bertha Lucía Fries

1. Encounter an ill-defined problem

2. Ask IPF questions

3. Pursue problem finding

4. Map Problem finding: prioritize a problem

5. Investigate the problem

6. Analyze Results

7. Reiterate Learning

8. Generate Solutions and Recommendations

9. Communicate the Results

10. Conduct Self-Assessment

Graphic 14: Ten Steps to PBLDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

The following strategies are useful in problem finding

and promote multiple intelligence thinking and increase the quality and

quantity of problem finding outcomes.

Create a problem possibility web

Make a Why-Why Diagram

Redefine the problem

Make a complaint list

Bounce ideas off someone else

Draw the problem

Generate non-obvious possibilities

Propose a “Camelot”

Make a fishbone diagram

Identify patterns or relationships

Make an attribute list

Brainstorm problem possibilities

Think metaphorically

Make a bubble map

De-center from the situation

Question assumptions

Preface questions in ways that stimulate

thinking

Squeeze and stretch the problem

Graphic 15: Problem Finding StrategiesDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Make a flow map

Graphic 16: Six Thinking HatsDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

White Hat: Just the facts please!

Red Hat: Wearing this hat permits the thinker to say, "This is how I

feel about the matter."

Black Hat: This hat is specifically concerned with negative assessment.

Yellow Hat: This is an attitude that moves ahead of a situation with

positive hope.

Green Hat: A creative, lateral thinker.

Blue Hat: This is the "control" hat.

Graphic 16a: Yellow HatsDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Yellow Hat: This is an attitude that moves ahead of a situation with

positive hope.

Graphic 16b: White HatDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

White Hat: Just the facts please!

Graphic 16c: Red HatDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Red Hat: Wearing this hat permits the thinker to say, "This is how I

feel about the matter."

Graphic 16d: Green HatDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Green Hat: A creative, lateral thinker.

Graphic 16e: Blue HatDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Blue Hat: This is the "control" hat.

Graphic 16f: Black HatDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Black Hat: This hat is specifically concerned with negative assessment.

S ubstitute? who else, what else, other ingredient, materials, places?

C ombine? how about a blend? combine units? combine purpose?

A dapt? what else is like this? what other idea does this suggest?

M odify?new twist? change meaning, color, motion, sound, odor, form, shape? what to add? more time? greater frequency? higher, longer, thicker?

M inify? subtract, divide, eliminate, shorten, simplify, etc.

M agnify? enlarge, multiply, add, increase, exaggerate, etc.

P ut to Other Uses?

new ways to use as is? other uses if modified? other places to use?

E liminate?what to subtract? smaller? condensed? miniature? lower? shorter? lighter? omit? streamline? understate?

R earrange?

interchange components? reverse? other patterns? otherlayout? other sequence? transpose cause and effect? Transpose positive and negative? how about opposites? turn it backward? turn it upside down? reverse roles?

Table Scamper TechniqueDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Generating plot lines

Generating plot lines

MIND MAPPING

FOR WRITERS

Brainstorming story ideas Fleshing

out characters

Making decisions (plot, characters,

technique)

Organizing store details

Graphic 18: Mind Mapping for WritersDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

¸ Facilitate thegrowth of the group.¸ Reminds thegroup of timeschedules and agreedupon norms ofbehavior andmaintains decorum.¸ Create agendas.¸ Define the role¸ Resourcesrequired.¸ The method ofrecording decisionand information andby whom.¸ Meeting format.¸ Process fordealing with conflict.¸ Process forasking. a member

Graphic 27: ChairpersonDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Graphic 22: Secrets for Better BrainstormingDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

SECRETS FOR BETTER

BRAINSTORMING

1. Sharpen the Focus

2. Playful Rules

3. Number Your Ideas

4. Build and Jump

5. The Space Remembers

6. Stretch Your Mental Muscles

7. Get Physical

Graphic 28: Dream The Life You ImagineDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Graphic 23 b: Write and PassDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Guidelines for Teamwork

1.Get learners actively involved.2.Have members work cooperatively. 3.Respect diverse talents.4.Emphasize time on task. 5.Provide prompt feedback on performance.6.Empower members to have a role in the assessment.7.Work in an environment that expects success.8.Have frequent and rich leader-member interaction.9.Develop awareness for problem solving.

Graphic 25: Guidelines for TeamworkDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

1. Set the Container

2. Suspend Judgment

3. Listen

4. Listen with Empathy

5. Find and Use Your Authentic

Voice

6. Tell the Truth As You See It

7. Express Opinion Based on

Observations and Experience

8. Allow for Diversity

9. Listen Without

Resistance

10. Respect

11. Balance

GUIDELINES FOR

DIALOGUE

Graphic 20: Guidelines for DialogueDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

Graphic 23a: Free-Writing Design: Bertha Lucía Fries

IdeaIdeaIdeaIdea

Non stop

The right environment = idea exploration!

Intellectual curiosity: asking interesting questions, delighting in new experiences, liking to probe

and being informed.

Intellectual honesty: accepting statements as true even when they

don’t agree with one’s position.

Persistence: “stick-to-itive-ness”, motivation to

learn and find out.

Respect for other viewpoints: willingness to admit being wrong;

revising one’s own ideas to incorporate those of others.

Open-mindedness: willingness to consider a wide variety of beliefs.

Viewing errors as stepping-stones: recognizing how errors can lead to new

learning and understanding.

Toleration of ambiguity: ability to delay closure, defer judgment, asking such questions as “how else can this be

interpreted?”

Humor and playfulness: finding the fun in learning, manipulating ideas in whimsical

ways to gain insight and perspective.

Graphic 19: Idea ExplorationDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries

VOICE…

Itemized response: State what you recognize as valuable in an idea, not the

flaws or weaknesses. Then you try to build it up and strengthen it.

Absurdity Drill: Start with a real problem that hasn’t been solved. Others come up with an absurd idea to solve it. The first

person retorts with an itemized response as well as concerns about the ‘absurd’ idea.

Graphic 21: Tool to Promote Listening and Communication

Design: Bertha Lucía Fries

Knowyourself,

yourstrengths.

yourweaknesses

and yourpreferencesand becomecomfortable

withyourself.

Know theattributes ofgroups toknow how

you functionin a group.

Know therole of the

chairperson and beskilled inplayingthat rolefor thegroup.

Value thediversity in

others.

Know andapply the

fundamentalunderpinnings

ofinterpersonal

relations.

Be a goodempathetic

communicator.

Know howto cope

creativelywith

conflict in agroup.

Know how tocope

effectivelywith difficultbehaviors.

Know howto convert agroup into a

team.

Graphic 21: Become EffectiveDesign: Bertha Lucía Fries