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Assault landing One of the first waves at Omaha Beachas photographed by Robert F. Sargent.

Photojournalism is a particular form ofjournalism (the collecting, editing, and presenting ofnews material for publication or broadcast) that creates images in order to tell a news story. It isnow usually understood to refer only to still images, and in some cases to video used in broadcastjournalism or for personal use. Photojournalism is distinguished from other close branches ofphotography (such asdocumentary photography, street photography orcelebrity photography)by the qualities of:

Timeliness the images have meaning in the context of a recently published record ofevents.

Objectivity the situation implied by the images is a fair and accurate representation ofthe events they depict in both content and tone.

Narrative the images combine with other news elements to make facts relatable to theviewer or reader on a cultural level.

Like a writer, a photojournalist is a reporterbut he or she must often make decisions instantlyand carryphotographic equipment, often while exposed to significant obstacles (physical danger,weather, crowds).

Contents[hide]

1 History

1.1 Foundations

1.2 Golden age

1.3 Farm Security Administration

1.4 Acceptance by the art world

2 Professional organizations

3 Ethical and legal considerations

4 The impact of new technologies

5 See also

6 References

7 Further reading
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8 External links

[edit] History

[edit] Foundations

The practice of illustrating news stories with photographs was made possible by printing andphotography innovations that occurred between 1880 and 1897. While newsworthy events werephotographed as early as the 1850s, printing presses could only publish fromengravingsuntil the1880s. Early news photographs required that photos be re-interpreted by an engraver before theycould be published.

The first photojournalist was Carol Szathmari who did pictures in theCrimean War(1853 to1856). His albums were sent to European royals houses [citation needed]. Just a few of his photographssurvived. William Simpson of theIllustrated London News and Roger Fenton were published asengravings. Similarly, the American Civil Warphotographs ofMathew Brady were engravedbefore publication inHarper's Weekly. Because the public craved more realistic representationsof news stories, it was common for newsworthy photographs to be exhibited in galleries or to be

copied photographically in limited numbers.On March 4, 1880, The Daily Graphic (New York)[1] published the first halftone (rather thanengraved) reproduction of a news photograph. Further innovations followed. In 1887, flashpowderwas invented, enabling journalists such as Jacob Riis to photograph informal subjectsindoors, which led to the landmark workHow the Other Half Lives[2] . By 1897, it becamepossible to reproduce halftone photographs on printing presses running at full speed. [3]

Despite these innovations, limitations remained, and many of the sensational newspaperandmagazine stories in the period from 1897 to 1927 (seeYellow Journalism) were illustrated withengravings. In 1921, the wirephoto made it possible to transmit pictures almost as quickly asnews itself could travel. However, it was not until development of the commercial 35mmLeicacamera in 1925, and the first flash bulbs between 1927 and 1930 that all the elements were in

place for a "golden age" of photojournalism.[edit] Golden age

In the "golden age" of photojournalism (1930s1950s), some magazines (Picture Post(London),Paris Match (Paris),Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung(Berlin), Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung(Berlin),Life (USA),Look(USA), Sports Illustrated(USA)) and newspapers (The Daily Mirror(London), The New York Daily News (New York) built their huge readerships and reputationslargely on their use of photography, and photographers such as Robert Capa,Alfred Eisenstaedt,Margaret Bourke-White and W. Eugene Smith became well-known names.

Henri Cartier-Bresson is held by some to be the father of modern photojournalism, although thisappellation has been applied to various other photographers, such as Erich Salomon, whose

candid pictures of political figures were novel in the 1930s
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In Migrant MotherDorothea Langeproduced the seminal image of the Great Depression. TheFSA also employed several other photojournalists to document the depression.

SoldierTony Vaccaro is also recognized as one of the pre-eminent photographers ofWorld War

II. His images taken with the modest Argus C3 captured horrific moments in war, similar toCapa's soldier being shot. Capa himself was on Omaha Beach on D-Day and captured pivotalimages of the conflict on that occasion. Vaccaro is also known for having developed his ownimages in soldier's helmets, and using chemicals found in the ruins of a camera store in 1944.

Until the 1980s, most large newspapers were printed with turn-of-the-century letterpresstechnology using easily smudged oil-based ink, off-white, low-quality newsprint paper, andcoarse engraving screens. While letterpresses produced legible text, the photoengraving dots thatformed pictures often bled or smeared and became fuzzy and indistinct. In this way, even whennewspapers used photographs well a good crop, a respectable size murky reproductionoften left readers re-reading the caption to see what the photo was all about. The Wall StreetJournaladoptedstippledhedcuts in 1979 to publish portraits and avoid the limitations of

letterpress printing. Not until the 1980s had a majority of newspapers switched to offsetpresses that reproduce photos with fidelity on better, whiter paper.

By contrastLife, one of Americas most popular weekly magazines from 1936 through the early1970s, was filled with photographs reproduced beautifully on oversize 1114-inch pages, usingfine engraving screens, high-quality inks, and glossy paper.Life often published a United PressInternational(UPI) orAssociated Press (AP) photo that had been first reproduced in newspapers,but the quality magazine version appeared to be a different photo altogether.

In large part because their pictures were clear enough to be appreciated, and because their namealways appeared with their work, magazine photographers achieved near-celebrity status. Lifebecame a standard by which the public judged photography, and many of todays photo bookscelebrate photojournalism as if it had been the exclusive province of near-celebrity magazine

photographers.The Best of Life (1973), for example, opens with a two-page (1960) group shot of 39 justlyfamousLife photographers. But 300 pages later, photo credits reveal that scores of the photosamongLifes best were taken by anonymous UPI and AP photographers.

Thus even during the golden age, because of printing limitations and the UPI and AP syndicationsystems, many newspaper photographers labored in relative obscurity.

[edit] Farm Security Administration
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From 1935 to 1942, the Farm Security Administrationand its predecessor the ResettlementAdministration were part ofFranklin Roosevelt'sNew Deal, and were designed to addressagricultural problems and rural poverty associated with the Great Depression. A specialphotographic section, headed by Mark Arnold, was intended merely to provide public relationsfor its programs, but instead produced what some consider one of the greatest collections [4]ofdocumentary photographs ever created in the U.S. Whether this effort can be called"photojournalism" is debatable, since the FSA photographers had more time and resources tocreate their work than most photojournalists usually have.

[edit] Acceptance by the art world

Since the late 1970s, photojournalism and documentary photography have increasingly beenaccorded a place in art galleries alongsidefine art photography.Luc Delahaye,VII Photo Agencyare among many who regularly exhibit in galleries.

[edit] Professional organizationsThe Danish Union of Press Photographers (Pressefotografforbundet) was the first nationalorganization for newspaper photographers in the world. It was founded in 1912 in Denmarkby

six press photographers in Copenhagen.[5] Today it has over 800 members.TheNational Press Photographers Association (NPPA) was founded in 1946 in the U.S., and hasabout 10,000 members. Others around the world include the British Press PhotographersAssociation (BPPA) founded in 1984, then relaunched in 2003, and now has around 450members. Hong Kong Press Photographers Association (1989), Northern Ireland PressPhotographers Association (2000), Pressfotografernas Klubb (Sweden, 1930), and PK Pressefotografenes Klubb (Norway).[6]

News organisations and journalism schools run many different awards for photojournalists. Since1968, Pulitzer Prizes have been awarded for the following categories of photojournalism:'Feature Photography', 'Spot News Photography'. Other awards are World Press Photo, Best ofPhotojournalism, and Pictures of the Year as well as the UK based The Press Photographer'sYear[7]

[edit] Ethical and legal considerationsPhotojournalism works within the same ethical approaches to objectivity that are applied byother journalists. What to shoot, how to frame and how to edit are constant considerations.

Often, ethical conflicts can be mitigated or enhanced by the actions of a sub-editor or pictureeditor, who takes control of the images once they have been delivered to the news organization.The photojournalist often has no control as to how images are ultimately used.

The emergence ofdigital photography offers whole new realms of opportunity for themanipulation, reproduction, and transmission of images. It has inevitably complicated many of

the ethical issues involved.The U.S. National Press Photographers Association, and other professional organizations,maintain codes of ethics to specify approaches to these issues.[8]

Major ethical issues are often inscribed with more or less success into law. Laws regardingphotography can vary significantly from nation to nation. The legal situation is furthercomplicated when one considers that photojournalism made in one country will often bepublished in many other countries.
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[edit] The impact of new technologiesSmaller, lighter cameras greatly enhanced the role of the photojournalist. Since the 1960s, motordrives, electronic flash, auto-focus, better lenses and other camera enhancements have madepicture taking easier. New digital camerasfree photojournalists from the limitation of film rolllength, as thousands of images can be stored on a single memory card.

Content remains the most important element of photojournalism, but the ability to extenddeadlines with rapid gathering and editing of images has brought significant changes. As recentlyas 15 years ago, nearly 30 minutes were needed to scan and transmit a single color photographfrom a remote location to a news office for printing. Now, equipped with a digital camera, amobile phone and a laptopcomputer, a photojournalist can send a high-quality image in minutes,even seconds after an event occurs. Camera phones and portable satellite links increasingly allowfor the mobile transmission of images from almost any point on the earth.

There is some concern by news photographers that the profession of photojournalism as it isknown today could change to such a degree that it is unrecognizable as image-capturingtechnology naturally progresses.Citizen journalism, and the increase in user contribution and

submission of amateur photos to News sites is becoming more widespread. As early as theCrimean Warin the mid-19th century, photographers were using the novel technology of theboxcamera to record images of British soldiers in the field. However, the widespread use of camerasas a way of reporting news didnt come until the advent of smaller, more portable cameras thatused the enlargeable film negative to record images. The introduction of the 35 mm Leicacamera in the 1930s made it possible for photographers to move with the action, taking shots ofevents as they were unfolding.

The age of the citizen journalist and the attainment of news photos from amateur bystanders havecontributed to the art of photojournalism. Paul Levinson attributes this shift to the Kodakcamera,one of the first cheap and accessible photo technologies that put a piece of visual reality intoevery persons potential grasp [9]. The empowered news audience with the advent of the Internetsparked the creation ofblogs,podcasts and online news, independent of the traditional outlets,and for the first time in our history, the news increasingly is produced by companies outsidejournalism[10].

[edit] See also

Journalism portal

List of photojournalists

Magnum Photos

VII Photo Agency

Noor Photo Agency

The Associated Press

ZUMA Press

[edit] References1. ^ collections.ic.gc.ca/ heirloom_series /volume4/14-15.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_journalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_negativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Levinsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blogshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcastshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photojournalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photojournalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Journalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photojournalistshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnum_Photoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_Photo_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noor_Photo_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Associated_Presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZUMA_Presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=10http://collections.ic.gc.ca/heirloom_series/volume4/14-15.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Portal.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_journalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_journalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_journalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_negativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_negativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_negativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Levinsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Levinsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Levinsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blogshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blogshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blogshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcastshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcastshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcastshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photojournalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photojournalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photojournalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Journalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photojournalistshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnum_Photoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_Photo_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noor_Photo_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Associated_Presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZUMA_Presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=10http://collections.ic.gc.ca/heirloom_series/volume4/14-15.htmhttp://collections.ic.gc.ca/heirloom_series/volume4/14-15.htmhttp://collections.ic.gc.ca/heirloom_series/volume4/14-15.htm


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2. ^How the Other Half Lives complete text and photos online

3. ^ Robert Taft,Photography and the American scene: A social history, 18391889 (NewYork: Dover, 1964), 446; and W. Joseph Campbell, "1897: American journalism'sexceptional year",Journalism History 29 (2004) (also hereet seq.)

4. ^ "America from the Great Depression to World War II: Black-and-white photographs

from the FSA-OWI, 19351945." Prints and photographs division, Library of Congress.5. ^ (Danish)Pressefotografforbundet history.

6. ^ British Press Photographers Association; Hong Kong Press Photographers Association;Northern Ireland Press Photographers Association; (Swedish)Pressfotografernas Klubb;(Norwegian)Fotojournalisten.

7. ^ World Press Photo;Best of Photojournalism;Pictures of the Year; The PressPhotographer's Year

8. ^ USNPPA Code of Ethics

9. ^ Paul Levinson. 1997. The Soft Edge: a Natural History and Future of the Information

Revolution, Routledge, London and New York, p. 3910.^ Kovach, B. and Rosenstiel, T. 2006. The Elements of Journalism; What Newspeople

Should Know and the Public Should Expect

[edit] Further reading Kenneth Kobre,Photojournalism : The Professional's Approach 6th edition Focal Press,

2008.

[1], Carol Szathmari

Don McCullin.Hearts of Darkness (1980 - much reprinted).

Zavoina, Susan C., and John H. Davidson,Digital Photojournalism (Allyn & Bacon,

2002). ISBN 0-205-33240-4 The Photograph, Graham Clarke,ISBN 0-19-284200-5

[edit] External links La Bruja , Cuba - an example of photojournalism

An example of ethics guidelines for photo-journalismby DigitalCustom

Independent photojournalism watchdog organization

Photo Essay Tips

"Photojournalism".Photography. Victoria and Albert Museum.

http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/photography/past_exhns/photojournalism/. Retrievedon 2007-06-16.

[hide]vde

Photography

Technical Angle of viewApertureCircle of confusionColor temperatureDepth of field
http://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/contents.htmlhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/contents.htmlhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/contents.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W._Joseph_Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1http://academic2.american.edu/~wjc/exceptyear1.htmhttp://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fsahtml/fahome.htmlhttp://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fsahtml/fahome.htmlhttp://www.pressefotografforbundet.dk/forbundet/historie.phphttp://www.pressefotografforbundet.dk/forbundet/historie.phphttp://www.thebppa.com/http://www.hkppa.net/http://www.n-ippa.org/http://www.pfk.se/http://www.fotojournalisten.com/http://www.worldpressphoto.org/http://bop.nppa.org/http://bop.nppa.org/http://www.poyi.org/http://www.poyi.org/http://www.theppy.com/http://www.theppy.com/http://www.nppa.org/professional_development/business_practices/ethics.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Levinsonhttp://www.journalism.org/node/72http://www.journalism.org/node/72http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=11http://lightscoop.com/about/index.phphttp://www.mnir.ro/ro/publicatii/periodice/muzeul-national/rezumate/1998/adrian-silvan-ionescu.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_McCullinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0205332404http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0192842005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0192842005http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=12http://www.reportage.org/2001/CubaLaBruja/PagesCubaLB/cubalbstrip.htmlhttp://digitalcustom.com/howto/mediaguidelines.asphttp://digitalphotojournalist.org/http://digital-photography-school.com/5-photo-essay-tipshttp://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/photography/past_exhns/photojournalism/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museumhttp://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/photography/past_exhns/photojournalism/http://var/www/apps/scribd/scribd/tmp/scratch0/javascript:collapseTable(0)%3Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Photography&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Photography&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_of_confusionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_of_confusionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_fieldhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/contents.htmlhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/contents.htmlhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/contents.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W._Joseph_Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W._Joseph_Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W._Joseph_Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1http://academic2.american.edu/~wjc/exceptyear1.htmhttp://academic2.american.edu/~wjc/exceptyear1.htmhttp://academic2.american.edu/~wjc/exceptyear1.htmhttp://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fsahtml/fahome.htmlhttp://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fsahtml/fahome.htmlhttp://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fsahtml/fahome.htmlhttp://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fsahtml/fahome.htmlhttp://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fsahtml/fahome.htmlhttp://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fsahtml/fahome.htmlhttp://www.pressefotografforbundet.dk/forbundet/historie.phphttp://www.pressefotografforbundet.dk/forbundet/historie.phphttp://www.pressefotografforbundet.dk/forbundet/historie.phphttp://www.thebppa.com/http://www.thebppa.com/http://www.thebppa.com/http://www.hkppa.net/http://www.hkppa.net/http://www.hkppa.net/http://www.n-ippa.org/http://www.n-ippa.org/http://www.n-ippa.org/http://www.pfk.se/http://www.pfk.se/http://www.pfk.se/http://www.fotojournalisten.com/http://www.fotojournalisten.com/http://www.fotojournalisten.com/http://www.worldpressphoto.org/http://www.worldpressphoto.org/http://www.worldpressphoto.org/http://bop.nppa.org/http://bop.nppa.org/http://bop.nppa.org/http://www.poyi.org/http://www.poyi.org/http://www.poyi.org/http://www.theppy.com/http://www.theppy.com/http://www.theppy.com/http://www.theppy.com/http://www.theppy.com/http://www.theppy.com/http://www.nppa.org/professional_development/business_practices/ethics.htmlhttp://www.nppa.org/professional_development/business_practices/ethics.htmlhttp://www.nppa.org/professional_development/business_practices/ethics.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Levinsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Levinsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Levinsonhttp://www.journalism.org/node/72http://www.journalism.org/node/72http://www.journalism.org/node/72http://www.journalism.org/node/72http://www.journalism.org/node/72http://www.journalism.org/node/72http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=11http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=11http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=11http://lightscoop.com/about/index.phphttp://lightscoop.com/about/index.phphttp://lightscoop.com/about/index.phphttp://www.mnir.ro/ro/publicatii/periodice/muzeul-national/rezumate/1998/adrian-silvan-ionescu.htmlhttp://www.mnir.ro/ro/publicatii/periodice/muzeul-national/rezumate/1998/adrian-silvan-ionescu.htmlhttp://www.mnir.ro/ro/publicatii/periodice/muzeul-national/rezumate/1998/adrian-silvan-ionescu.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_McCullinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_McCullinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_McCullinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0205332404http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0205332404http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0205332404http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0192842005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0192842005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0192842005http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=12http://www.reportage.org/2001/CubaLaBruja/PagesCubaLB/cubalbstrip.htmlhttp://digitalcustom.com/howto/mediaguidelines.asphttp://digitalcustom.com/howto/mediaguidelines.asphttp://digitalcustom.com/howto/mediaguidelines.asphttp://digitalphotojournalist.org/http://digital-photography-school.com/5-photo-essay-tipshttp://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/photography/past_exhns/photojournalism/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/photography/past_exhns/photojournalism/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/photography/past_exhns/photojournalism/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museumhttp://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/photography/past_exhns/photojournalism/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/photography/past_exhns/photojournalism/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/photography/past_exhns/photojournalism/http://var/www/apps/scribd/scribd/tmp/scratch0/javascript:collapseTable(0)%3Bhttp://var/www/apps/scribd/scribd/tmp/scratch0/javascript:collapseTable(0)%3Bhttp://var/www/apps/scribd/scribd/tmp/scratch0/javascript:collapseTable(0)%3Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Photography&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Photography&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Photography&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_of_confusionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_of_confusionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_of_confusionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_field


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terms

Depth of focusExposureExposure compensationF-numberFilm format

Film speedFocal lengthHyperfocal distance Metering modePerspective

distortionPhotographPhotographic printingPhotographic processes

ReciprocityRed-eye effectScience of photographyShutter speedZone system

Genres

AerialBlack and WhiteCommercialCloudscapeDocumentaryErotic

FashionFine artForensicGlamourHigh speedNatureNude

PhotojournalismPornographyPortraitPost-mortemSeniorStill life

StockStreetVernacularUnderwaterWeddingWildlife

Techniques

BokehContre -jourCross processingCyanotypeDigiscopingFilm

developingFireworksHarris ShutterKite aerialMacroMultiple exposure

NightPanoramicPanningPhotogram (Kirlian) Print toningPush printing

RephotographyRolloutSabatier EffectStereoscopyStopping DownSunprintingInfraredUltravioletTime-lapseTilt-shift

Composition Geometry and symmetryFramingLead roomRule of thirdsSimplicity

Equipment

Camera (PinholeRangefinderSLRStillTLRToyView) Darkroom

(EnlargerSafelight) Film(BaseFormatHolderStock) FilterFlash

ManufacturersMovie projectorPhotographic lensSlide projectorTripod

Zone plate

History Autochrome Lumire DaguerreotypeDufaycolorTimeline of photographic

technology

Digitalphotography

Digital camera (D-SLRDigital back) Photo sharingDigital and film compared

Image sensor(CMOS APSCCDThree-CCDFoveon X3) PixelFilm scanner

Colorphotography

ColorColor management (Color spacePrimary colorRGBCMYK) Color

film(PrintSlide)

Photographicprocessing

C-41 processCross processingDeveloperDye couplerE-6 processFixer

Push processing Stop bath

Other topics Camera obscura Gelatin-silver processGum printingHolography

LomographyPhotography and the lawPhotography museums and galleries
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_focushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_(photography)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_(photography)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_compensationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_formathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_speedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_speedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_lengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperfocal_distancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metering_modehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspective_distortion_(photography)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspective_distortion_(photography)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspective_distortion_(photography)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_printinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_printinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_processeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_processeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(photography)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(photography)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-eye_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-eye_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_of_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shutter_speedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-and-whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloudscape_(photography)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentary_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentary_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_erotic_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_art_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_art_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glamour_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glamour_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_speed_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nude_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-mortem_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-mortem_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senior_portraitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still_life_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still_life_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernacular_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernacular_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedding_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokehhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contre-jourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contre-jourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanotypehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanotypehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digiscopinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireworks_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireworks_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris_Shutterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kite_aerial_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_exposurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_exposurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramic_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramic_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panning_(camera)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photogramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirlian_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_print_toninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_printinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rephotographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rephotographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollout_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollout_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabatier_Effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopping_Downhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_printinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_printinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_printinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-lapsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilt-shift_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilt-s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