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 WIDE AREA BLACKOUT-

 JULY 2012

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1) Introduction

2)  What is blackout?

3)  July2012 India blackout

4)  Why Blackout?5) Preventing blackout

6) SynchrophasorMonitoring

7) Fact Devices8) Distributed generation

9)  Why it is a disaster?

10) Conclusion

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Security of a power system is affected by threefactors:

Characteristics of the physical system:

the integrated generation, transmission anddistribution system

protection and control systems

Business structures of owning and operatingentities

The regulatory framework

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Largest power outagein history

Occurred as twoseparate events on 30and 31 July 2012

Affected over 620million people, halfof India's population

Spread across 22states in Northern,Eastern, andNortheast India.

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 Weak inter-regional powertransmission corridors due tomultiple existing outages

High Loading on 400 kVBina-Gwalior-Agra link.

Inadequate response bySLDCs to the instructions of(RLDCs) to reduce overdrawby the Northern Regionutilities andunderdrawal/excess

generation by the WesternRegion utilities.

Loss of 400 kV Bina-Gwaliorlink due to mis-operation ofits protection system.

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Long Term plans:

Adequatetransmission access to

load centers Sufficient generation

Dynamic simulation

Distributed

generation

Short Term plans:

Implementation ofspecial protection

schemes Proper use of FACT

devices

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Most monitoring of thegrid is based on non-simultaneous averagevalues .

Monitoring of linevoltage phase angles(phasors) can fill thatgap, providing theinstantaneous

measurement ofelectrical magnitudesand angles.

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Use wind turbines,Solar arrays,Geothermal, Streamturbine from a small

local stream, Wave,Tidal energy

Offer significanteconomic,environmental and

security benefits• Small, modular, located

near load site

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Good design and operatingpractices could minimizethe occurrence and impactof widespread outages

Reliability criteria

Robust stability controls Coordinated emergency

controls

Real-time systemmonitoring and control

Need for a single entitywith overall responsibilityfor security of entireinterconnected system

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Electric power: Essential resource of nationalsecurity

It affects : finance,transportation,food and water

supply, health and welfare, communications,research, heating, cooling, lighting, computer andelectronics, industries, commercial enterprise andmany more… 

Impact on grid and public life is countless… 

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Will there be a blackout  in future???

Engineers tend to learn from the past

... but systems are usually prepared to the last

(rather than future) war Improvements in communications and

coordination in SLDC,RLDC and generating

stations ... but new challenges are looking ahead

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I. http://www.powermin.nic.in August 2012

II. http://wikipedia.org/India_blackouts

III. ieee.org

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