Why We Study Programming Fundamandals

8/7/2019 Why We Study Programming Fundamandals

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Introduction to Programming

Fundamentals

B.Sathis Kumar


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Computer H/w, OS

RDBMS Programming S/W Development

Methodology Internet Technology Algorithms, UI, OO

Seminars Industry Visits Learning

ResourcesIndustry Trends Quiz Contests Paper

Presentations

Project Bank Online Assessments Book

Reviews

Aligning Student Competencies

Employability Competencies

Basic IT Competencies

Quality/ Process Orientation

Life Skills

English Language Fluency

Professional Core

Client Server

OOAD Project Management Adv. Programming Internet Applications

Hw/, OS, N/W

ProgrammingConcepts RDBMS UI Design S/W Testing SDM

Lecture Tutorial Practical

CommunicationTeam work Discussions,

Decisions and Presn. Ethics and Etiquette

Time Management Customer Interaction Goal Setting

TQM SW QA

CMM Projects

Comprehension Articulation Persuasion

Written & Oral Comm Essay Writing Technical papers

Essays Technical Papers Reports

Communication lab Team work Projects Group Discussions Analytical Skills Team problem solvingI

ntegrated

Integrat

ed

2B.SATHIS KUMAR VITCC


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Programming Fundamentals

Its about:

a) foundations of programming langauges

b) but also how to design your own languages

c) how to implement them

d) and about PL tools, such as analyzers

e) also learn about some classical C.S. algorithms.



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Why a software

engineer/developer needs PLNew languages will keep coming

Understand them, choose the right one.

Write code that writes code Be the wizard, not the typist.

Develop your own language.

Are you kidding? No.Learn about compilers and interpreters.

Programmers main tools.



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New Languages will KeepComing



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The Reality...

C

Java

C++

Haskell

perlPython

Ruby

PHP

javascript

SQL

VisualBasic

Tcl/TK

regular

XSLT

awk

postscript

latex

make ML

Ocaml

ActionScript

bashXQuery

C#



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A survey: how many languages

did you use? Lets list them here:



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Explosive Growth

In the past 20 years, computer science has

deepened intellectually, broadened in scope, and

penetrated all areas of modern life.

The web, electronic commerce, social networks,

graphics, gaming, image processing, security,natural language processing, bio informatics,

machine learning, multi-core processors, sensor

networks, Google-style distributed processing,

XML, software transactions, databases,operating systems, networks...

This growth puts enormous pressure on

undergraduate curriculum.



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Learning New Languages

it is more important that studentslearn how to learn a language rather

than the particulars of a single

language.

Understanding PL fundamentals

makes learning languages much

easier.9B.SATHIS KUMAR VITCC


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Be prepared to program in new

languagesLanguages undergo constant change

FORTRAN 1953

ALGOL 60 1960

C 1973 C++ 1985

Java 1995

Evolution steps: 12 years per widelyadopted language



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Develop your own language

Are you kidding? No. Guess who developed:

PHP

Ruby

JavaScript perl

Done by smart students like you

Our goal: learn good academic lessons

so that your future languages avoid known mistakes



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Building Languages

Not many people design new general-

purpose languages.

But many people design APIs, configuration

languages, and domain-specific languages.

Understanding PL fundamentals allows

students to know when and how to build

such little languages.What are the abstractions? How do they

interact? What should be expressible? What

should not be?



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Trends in ProgrammingLanguages



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Trends in programming

languagesprogramming language and its interpreter/compiler:

programmers primary tools

you must know them inside out

languages have been constantly evolving ...

what are the forces driving the change?

... and will keep doing so to predict the future, lets examine the history



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ENIAC (1946, University of

Philadelphia)NIAC program for external ballistic equations:



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Programming the ENIAC



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ENIAC (1946, University of

Philadelphia)programming done by

rewiring the interconnections

to set up desired formulas,

etcProblem (whats the tedious

part?)

programming = rewiring

slow, error-prone

solution:

store the program in

memory! birth ofvon Neuman



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UDSAC (1947, Cambridge

University)the first real computer

large-scale, fully functional, stored-program

electronic digital computer (by Maurice Wilkes)

problem: Wilkes realized: a good part of the remainder of my life was going to

be spent in finding errors in ... programs

solution: procedures (1951)

procedure: abstracts away the implementation reusable software was born



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Assembly the language

(UNIVAC 1, 1950)Idea: mnemonic (assembly) code

Then translate it to machine code by hand (no compiler yet)

write programs with mnemonic codes (add, sub),

with symbolic labels,

then assign addresses by handExample of symbolic assembler

clear-and-add a

add b

store c

translate it by hand to something like this (understood by CPU)

B100 A200

C300



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Example



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Assembler the compiler

(Manchester, 1952) it was assembler nearly as we know it, called

AutoCode



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Assembly programming caught

on, but

Problem: Software costs exceeded hardware

costs!

John Backus: Speedcoding

An interpreter for a high-level language

Ran 10-20 times slower than hand-written

assembly

way too slow



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FORTRAN I (1954-57)

Langauge, and the first compiler

Produced code almost as good as hand-written

Huge impact on computer science (laid foundations for cs164)

Modern compilers

FORTRAN (the language) still in use today

By 1958, >50% of all software is in FORTRAN

Cut development time dramatically



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Goto considered harmful

L1: statement

if expression goto L1

statement

Dijkstra says: gotos are harmful

use structured programming

lose some performance, gain a lot of readability

how do you rewrite the above code into structured

form?



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Object-oriented programming

(1970s)

OO approach Model the world as it is

Simulation based modelling



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Review of historic development

wired interconnects stored program (vonNeuman machines)

lots of common bugs in repeated code procedures

machine code symbolic assembly (compiledby hand)

tedious compilation assembler (the assemblycompiler)

assembly FORTRAN I gotos structured programming

OO programming inheritance,


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Why We Study Programming Fundamandals