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World Geography Today Chapter 1 Why Study Geography? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDk06 h7Abbw&feature=fvw

Why Study Geography?

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Why Study Geography?. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDk06h7Abbw&feature=fvw. Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements. Question What are the two main branches of geography?. Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements. Human Geography. Physical Geography. Both. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

Why Study Geography?

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDk06h7Abbw&feature=fvw

Page 2: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

Question

What are the two main branches of geography?

Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements

Page 3: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

• Studies distribution and characteristics of the world’s people (where people live and what they do)

• Examines how people make and trade things that they need to survive

• Focuses on Earth’s natural environments, including landforms, water features, plants, animals, and other physical features

• Studies the processes that shape physical environments

• Studies how people interact

with their environments

Human Geography

Physical Geography

Both

Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements

Page 4: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

We Use Geography:

• In Government—For mapmaking and planning

• In Business—For marketing and development

• In Schools—For education

• Every Day—To find our way in town or on trips, when we watch the news and weather, when we read about other countries, when we make decisions about locations for events or businesses

Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements

Page 5: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

By Five Themes

• Location—Exact or relative spot of something on Earth

• Place—Physical and human features of a location

• Human-Environment Interaction—Ways people and environments interrelate with and affect each other

• Movement—How people and things change locations and the effects of these changes

• Region—Geographic areas with one or more shared characteristics

Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements

Organizing the Study of GeographyOrganizing the Study of Geography

Page 6: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

Location

• "Where are we?"   is the question that the theme Location answers. Location may be absolute or it may be relative.  These locations, whether relative or absolute, may be of people or places.

• An absolute location is a latitude and longitude (a global location) or a street address (local location).Ex: Paris, France is 48o51' North latitude and 2.20' East longitude

Page 7: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

• Relative locations are described by landmarks, time, direction or distance from one place to another and may associate a particular place with another.Ex: Paris is located along the Seine River.

Page 8: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

Place

• What kind of place is it?  What do you think of when you imagine China?  Japan?  Russia?  Saudi Arabia?

• Places have both human and physical characteristics, as well as images.

• Physical characteristics include mountains, rivers, soil, beaches, wildlife, soil. 

Page 9: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

• Places have human characteristics also.  These characteristics are derived from the ideas and actions of people that result in changes to the environment, such as buildings, roads, clothing, and food habits.

• The image people have of a place is based on their experiences, both intellectual and emotional.  People's descriptions of a place reveal their values, attitudes, and perceptions.

Page 10: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

Human/Environmental Interaction

• There are three key concepts to human/environmental interaction:

•  Humans adapt on the environment. Humans modify the environment. Humans depend on the environment.

• All places on Earth have advantages and disadvantages for human settlement.  One person's advantage may be another person's disadvantage.

Page 11: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

• Some like the excitement of large cities whereas others prefer remoteness.   Environment is not just trees, spotted owls, and rain forests.  Environment is a feeling.  What is the environment of a big city?  New York?  Los Angeles?  Las Vegas? Dallas?

• Given the choice, where would you live?  Why?  What is the environment?

Page 12: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

Movement

• The movement of people, the import and export of goods, and mass communication have all played major roles in shaping our world. 

• People everywhere interact.  They travel from place to place and they communicate.  We live in a global village and global economy.

Page 13: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

• People interact with each other through movement.  Humans occupy places unevenly on Earth because of the environment but also because we are social beings.  We interact with each other through travel, trade, information flows (E-Mail) and political events.

• Not only do humans move but also ideas move; fashions move; fads move.  What is an example of an idea that moves?  Fashion?  Fad?  How do we depend on people in other places?

Page 14: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

• Formal—Has one or more common features that make it different from surrounding areas

• Functional—Different places that are linked together and function as a unit

• Perceptual—Reflects human feelings and attitudes

Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements

Organizing the World by Regions

Page 15: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

Region

• A region is the basic unit of study in geography.  A region is an area that displays a coherent unity in terms of the government, language, or possibly the landform or situation.  Regions are human constructs that can be mapped and analyzed.

• There are three basic types of regions.

Page 16: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

• Formal regions are those defined by governmental or administrative boundaries (i. e., United States, Birmingham, Brazil).  These regional boundaries are not open to dispute, therefore physical regions fall under this category (i. e., The Rockies, the Great Lakes States).

Page 17: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

• Functional regions are those defined by a function (i. e., TVA, United Airlines Service area or a newspaper service area).  If the function ceases to exists, the region no longer exists.

• Vernacular regions are those loosely defined by people's perception (i. e., The South, The Middle East).  

Page 18: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

• http://www.popvssoda.com/

Page 19: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

By Six Essential Elements

• The World in Spatial Terms

1. How to use maps and other tools

2. How to use mental maps to organize information

3. How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments

• Places and Regions

4. The physical and human characteristics of places

5. How people create regions to interpret Earth

6. How culture and experience influence people’s perceptions of places and regions

Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements

Page 20: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

By Six Essential Elements• Physical Systems

• Human Systems

• Environment and Society

7. The physical processes that shape Earth’s surface

8. The distribution of ecosystems on Earth

9. The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations

10. The complexity of Earth’s cultural mosaics

11. The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth

12. The patterns of human settlement

Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements

Page 21: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

By Six Essential Elements• Physical Systems

• Human Systems

• Environment and Society

13. The forces of cooperation and conflict

14. How human actions modify the physical environment

15. How physical systems affect human systems

16. The distribution and meaning of resources

• The Uses of Geography

17. Apply geography to interpret the past

18. Apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future

Section 1: Themes and Essential Elements

Page 22: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

Map Projection

Cylindrical

Conic

Flat-Plane

Advantages

Used by navigators because it shows true direction and shape

Accurate for areas with long east-west dimensions

Used by pilots and navigators because it shows true direction and area sizes

Disadvantages

Exaggerates landmasses at high latitudes

Not as accurate for areas that extend mostly north to south

Distorts shapes

Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools

Page 23: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

• Climate and Precipitation Maps—Show weather patterns and atmospheric conditions

• Population and Economic Maps—Show the distribution of people, natural resources, and land usage patterns

• Elevation Profiles and Topographic Maps—Show physical features of the land

Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools

Special-Purpose Maps

Page 24: Why Study Geography?

World Geography Today Chapter 1

Climate graphs show average temperatures and precipitation in a place.

Population pyramids show percentages of males and females by age group in a country’s population. They help us understand population trends.

Section 2: Skill Building: Using the Geographer’s Tools

Important Geographic Characteristics