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Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050 Format for the course will be more completely “flipped” with many lectures provided online and most class time devoted to hands on laboratory and field experiences. Designed so that all students will become familiar with electronic instrumentation Required text is MEASUREMENT METHODS IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES by Stefan Emeis.
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Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050 Spring 2016 ATMOS 5050 2 units ATMOS 6050 3 Units Rm 703 WBB. TH 12:25 PM-01:45 PM Instructors Erik Crosman and John Horel TA: Nola Lucke
Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation
ATMOS 5050/6050?• Hands-on instrumentation courses
are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs
• Environmental fields depend on data and scientists need to know strengths and limitations of how that information is obtained
• Some employers are looking for prospective employees to have working knowledge of instrumentation
Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050
• Format for the course will be more completely “flipped” with many lectures provided online and most class time devoted to hands on laboratory and field experiences.
• Designed so that all students will become familiar with electronic instrumentation
• Required text is MEASUREMENT METHODS IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES by Stefan Emeis.
Expected Course OutcomesAfter completion of the course, you will have gained the
knowledge and experience to be able to do the following:
• State the underlying principles associated with instrumentation and data acquisition units
• Develop proficiency integrating instrumentation to data acquisition units and programming those units
• Develop proficiency to use environmental
instrumentation in the laboratory and outdoors including following defined safety practices and using electronic equipment individually and as part of teams
• Recognize the steps involved in organizing and conducting scientific research using field equipment
What is expected of you?• Come to lab prepared• Conduct labs with spirit of inquiry• Be safe• Be a team player• Learn from each other (several students have significant experience with instrumentation, most likely have none)
Lecture/Discussion/Quiz Combo
• Class time is precious – focus on hands-on, involved, cooperative learning
• Certain concepts are critical to be able to prepare for, participate in, and complete labs
• These lectures provide core material, the text is a resource as well
• Lectures discussed briefly and an online quiz review must be completed typically by the end of the day
Core Class Lab Activities• Programming data logger• Sensor characteristics • Weather station setup from start to end (Program,
understanding all sensors, Temp, RH, wind, pressure, siting and analysis)
• Windsonde and quadcopter start to end (data collection to analysis)
• RPI camera• Snow• Electronic circuits
Syllabus
Jan 12: Course Introduction Lab 1 – Measuring snow depth Jan 14: Time response discussion. Lab 2-- Time response. Jan 19: Performance characteristics discussion. Lab 2- Time response cont. If time allows, start Lab 3- Programming dataloggersJan. 21: Safety discussion Lab 3- Programming dataloggers cont. Jan 26: Meteorological and precipitation sensors discussion. Lab 4-Setting up a weather station (inside). Jan 28: Siting discussion Lab 4-Setting up a weather station (inside cont). Feb 2: Field work: Lab 4- Setting up a weather station (outside). Feb 4: Electronics and microelectronics discussion. Lab 5- Rasberry pi camera. Feb 9: Lab 4 (outside cont): Take down weather station. Feb 11: Electronic circuits discussion Lab 4- data analysis.
Feb 16: Upper air discussion Lab 6-Quadcopter and windsonde: Windsonde launch and recovery. Feb 18: Remote sensors discussion Lab 6 Quadcopter and windsonde flights (continued). Feb 23: Lab 6--Quadcopter and windsonde flights (continued). Feb 25: Lab 6. Quadcopter and windsonde data analysis. Mar 1: Campbell site visit. Leave campus 12:30 return by 5:30. Online 5050 Final released. 6050. Midterm.
Course Schedule. Note: Campbell Scientific Visit is mandatory, so make schedule arrangements now!
Grades
• For ATMOS 5050: grades be determined from: (1) class/lab attendance, participation, and following safety and security procedures (5%) (2) online assignments (35%); (3) lab assignments (35%); final exam (25%).
• For ATMOS 6050: grades be determined from: (1) class/lab attendance, participation, and following safety and security procedures (5%) (2) pre lab online assignments (15%); (3) lab assignments (35%); midterm exam (20%); final project (25%).
Online Lecture 1 (prerecorded by John Horel)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuOHOk2hYG0&feature=youtu.be
Course Text and Other Resources
Technical: Brock and Richardson Good Mix: Emeis Down-to-earth: Burt
Canvas Tutorial
Everything you need to do and the due date are listed in canvas ‘upcoming assignments’
Group IntroductionsYou will provide more detailedinformation about your background in canvas Survey due by next class January 14th
For now, just tell your
•Name•Major (if different than atmos sci)•Year of study•Previous experience with environmental instrumentation (if any)•Favorite aspect of environmental instrumentation (for most of usit is the data we obtain but some just love working withthe instruments)
Easy Lab 1—Go out and have fun in the snow!(all work will be completed in-class for this lab; future labs will
require out-of-class time)
Snow Depth• The sensor measures the distance from the sensor to a
target. • The sensor works by measuring the time required for an
ultrasonic pulse to travel to and from a target surface. • An integrated temperature probe with solar radiation
shield, provides an air temperature measurement for properly compensating the distance measured.
• An embedded microcontroller calculates a temperature compensated distance and performs error checking.
• Both distance and air temperature can be output as an analog signal between 0 to 2.5 Volts or 0 to 5 Volts.
• Accurate measurement of snow depth poses many difficult problems
How the Ultrasonic Depth Sensor Works
• Ultrasonic – sound waves above range of human hearing in frequency. The depth sensor operates at a frequency of 50 kilohertz (50,000 cycles)
• Ultrasonic ranging used in a wide variety of applications including autofocus cameras, motion detection, robotics guidance, proximity sensing, etc
• Sends out a short ultrasonic pulse at 50 Khz• Detects the back pulse• Compute range from time of back and forth travel of ultrasonic wave
• Speed of sound in air dependent on temperature
How the Ultrasonic Depth Sensor Works
Specs
• Beamwidth: 22 degrees• Accuracy: 1 cm or .4 % distance to target• Resolution: 3 mm ( .12 inches)
=
Floor90 ⁰
11 ⁰
Measure distance to floor
a2 + b2 = c2 b2 = 1.04 – 1b = 0.2 m
a = 1 m
cos(θ) = Adjacent / Hypotenuse
11 degrees is 0.192 radians
cos(0.192) = a / c
0.982 = 1 m / c
c = 1.019 m
b = 19 cm
c
The beam width is 22 degrees which means that the diameter of the beam will be 39% of the distance to the target
79 ⁰
Lab 1: Snowmetrics Snow Core
Lab 1: Traditional snow core SWE measurement
• Use hot water to melt down snow rapidly (and before evaporation occurs)
• Use fact that 1 ml weight of water = 1 cm3 of volume
Due for next class (Thurs 14 Jan)
• Read course syllabus • Complete ATMOS 5050/6050 Pre-course survey (canvas)
• Watch 30 minute online lecture 1 (canvas) also available as PPT
Topics: source of measurement error, sensor performance, time response, and intro to CR1000 data logger
• Read Emeis Chapter 1 (pg 1-6)
Additional info on Judd Snow Depth Sensor
Speed of Sound Varies with T
Ultrasonic Transducer
• The key component of the ultrasonic system is the transducer. The transducer is first used as a speaker to transmit an ultrasonic pulse, then it is used as a microphone to listen for the pulse after being reflected off a surface.
• An embedded microcontroller calculates a temperature compensated distance and performs error checking
• Distance output as an analog signal between 0 and 5 Volts
Example Ultrasonic Transducer•A transducer is a device that converts a signal in one form of energyto another
•Here we are converting voltage into “ultrasonic range sounding pulses or vibrations” and vice versa
Multiple Echo Processing
• Dramatically improves the reliability of measurements.
• If the difference between the two samples is greater than 1 centimeter, then the oldest sample is discarded and another measurement is made and another comparison is made. This retry algorithm will continue up to a maximum of ten times.
Similar to Sonar
• The travel time of Sonar pulses is strongly dependent on the temperature and the salinity of the water. Ultrasonic ranging is also applied for measurement in air for shorter distances. The travel time in the air is temperature-dependent.