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Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050 Spring 2016 ATMOS 5050 2 units ATMOS 6050 3 Units Rm 703 WBB. TH 12:25 PM-01:45 PM Instructors Erik Crosman and John Horel TA: Nola Lucke

Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

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Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050 Format for the course will be more completely “flipped” with many lectures provided online and most class time devoted to hands on laboratory and field experiences. Designed so that all students will become familiar with electronic instrumentation Required text is MEASUREMENT METHODS IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES by Stefan Emeis.

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Page 1: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Environmental Instrumentation  ATMOS 5050/6050 Spring 2016  ATMOS 5050 2 units ATMOS 6050 3 Units Rm 703 WBB. TH 12:25 PM-01:45 PM Instructors Erik Crosman and John Horel  TA: Nola Lucke

Page 2: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation

ATMOS 5050/6050?• Hands-on instrumentation courses 

are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

• Environmental fields depend on data and scientists need to know strengths and limitations of how that information is obtained

• Some employers are looking for prospective employees to have working knowledge of instrumentation

Page 3: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Environmental Instrumentation  ATMOS 5050/6050

• Format for the course will be more completely “flipped” with many lectures provided online and most class time devoted to hands on laboratory and field experiences. 

• Designed so that all students will become familiar with electronic instrumentation 

• Required text is MEASUREMENT METHODS IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES by Stefan Emeis. 

Page 4: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Expected Course OutcomesAfter completion of the course, you will have gained the 

knowledge and experience to be able to do the following:        

• State the underlying principles associated with instrumentation and data acquisition units

• Develop proficiency integrating instrumentation to data acquisition units and programming those units 

 • Develop proficiency to use environmental 

instrumentation in the laboratory and outdoors including following defined safety practices and using electronic equipment individually and as part of teams

• Recognize the steps involved in organizing and conducting scientific research using field equipment

Page 5: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

What is expected of you?• Come to lab prepared• Conduct labs with spirit of inquiry• Be safe• Be a team player• Learn from each other (several students have significant experience with instrumentation, most likely have none)

Page 6: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Lecture/Discussion/Quiz Combo

• Class time is precious – focus on hands-on, involved, cooperative learning

• Certain concepts are critical to be able to prepare for, participate in, and complete labs

• These lectures provide core material, the text is a resource as well

• Lectures discussed briefly and an online quiz review  must be completed typically by the end of the day

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Core Class Lab Activities• Programming data logger• Sensor characteristics • Weather station setup from start to end (Program, 

understanding all sensors, Temp, RH, wind, pressure, siting and analysis)

• Windsonde and quadcopter start to end (data collection to analysis) 

• RPI camera• Snow• Electronic circuits

Page 8: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Syllabus

Page 9: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

       Jan 12: Course Introduction Lab 1 – Measuring snow depth Jan 14: Time response discussion. Lab 2-- Time response. Jan 19: Performance characteristics discussion. Lab 2- Time response cont. If time allows, start Lab 3- Programming dataloggersJan. 21: Safety discussion Lab 3- Programming dataloggers cont. Jan 26: Meteorological and precipitation sensors discussion. Lab 4-Setting up a weather station (inside). Jan 28: Siting discussion Lab 4-Setting up a weather station (inside cont). Feb 2: Field work: Lab 4- Setting up a weather station (outside). Feb 4: Electronics and microelectronics discussion. Lab 5- Rasberry pi camera. Feb 9: Lab 4 (outside cont): Take down weather station. Feb 11: Electronic circuits discussion Lab 4- data analysis. 

      Feb 16: Upper air discussion Lab 6-Quadcopter and windsonde: Windsonde launch and recovery. Feb 18: Remote sensors discussion Lab 6 Quadcopter and windsonde flights (continued). Feb 23: Lab 6--Quadcopter and windsonde flights (continued). Feb 25: Lab 6. Quadcopter and windsonde data analysis. Mar 1: Campbell site visit. Leave campus 12:30 return by 5:30. Online 5050 Final released. 6050. Midterm. 

 

Course Schedule. Note: Campbell Scientific Visit is mandatory, so make schedule arrangements now!

Page 10: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Grades

• For ATMOS 5050: grades be determined from: (1) class/lab attendance, participation, and following safety and security procedures (5%)  (2) online assignments (35%); (3)  lab assignments (35%); final exam (25%).  

• For ATMOS 6050: grades be determined from: (1) class/lab attendance, participation, and following safety and security procedures (5%)  (2) pre lab online assignments (15%); (3)  lab assignments (35%); midterm exam (20%); final project (25%).  

Page 11: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Online Lecture 1 (prerecorded by John Horel)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuOHOk2hYG0&feature=youtu.be

Page 12: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Course Text and Other Resources

Technical: Brock and Richardson  Good Mix: Emeis            Down-to-earth: Burt

Page 13: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Canvas Tutorial

Page 14: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Everything you need to do and the due date are listed in canvas ‘upcoming assignments’

Page 15: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Group IntroductionsYou will provide more detailedinformation about your background in canvas Survey due by next class January 14th

For now, just tell your

•Name•Major (if different than atmos sci)•Year of study•Previous experience with environmental instrumentation (if any)•Favorite aspect of environmental instrumentation (for most of usit is the data we obtain but some just love working withthe instruments)

Page 16: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Easy Lab 1—Go out and have fun in the snow!(all work will be completed in-class for this lab; future labs will 

require out-of-class time)

Page 17: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Snow Depth• The sensor measures the distance from the sensor to a 

target. • The sensor works by measuring the time required for an 

ultrasonic pulse to travel to and from a target surface. • An integrated temperature probe with solar radiation 

shield, provides an air temperature measurement for properly compensating the distance measured. 

• An embedded microcontroller calculates a temperature compensated distance and performs error checking.

• Both distance and air temperature can be output as an analog signal between 0 to 2.5 Volts or 0 to 5 Volts.

• Accurate measurement of snow depth poses many difficult problems

Page 18: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

How the Ultrasonic Depth Sensor Works

• Ultrasonic – sound waves above range of human hearing in frequency. The depth sensor operates at a frequency of 50 kilohertz (50,000 cycles)

• Ultrasonic ranging used in a wide variety of applications including autofocus cameras,  motion detection, robotics guidance, proximity sensing, etc 

Page 19: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

• Sends out a short ultrasonic pulse at 50 Khz•  Detects the back pulse• Compute range from time of back and forth travel of ultrasonic wave 

• Speed of sound in air dependent on temperature

How the Ultrasonic Depth Sensor Works

Page 20: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Specs

• Beamwidth: 22 degrees• Accuracy: 1 cm or .4 % distance to target• Resolution: 3 mm ( .12 inches)

Page 21: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs
Page 22: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

=

Floor90 ⁰

11 ⁰

Measure distance to floor

a2  + b2  = c2 b2 =  1.04 – 1b = 0.2 m

a = 1 m

cos(θ) = Adjacent / Hypotenuse

11 degrees is 0.192 radians

cos(0.192) = a / c 

0.982 = 1 m / c

c = 1.019 m

b = 19 cm

c

The beam width is 22 degrees which means that the diameter of the beam will be 39% of the distance to the target

79 ⁰

Page 23: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Lab 1: Snowmetrics Snow Core 

Page 24: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Lab 1: Traditional snow core SWE measurement

• Use hot water to melt down snow rapidly (and before evaporation occurs)

• Use fact that 1 ml weight of water = 1 cm3 of volume

Page 25: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Due for next class (Thurs 14 Jan)

• Read course syllabus • Complete ATMOS 5050/6050 Pre-course survey (canvas)

• Watch 30 minute online lecture 1 (canvas) also available as PPT 

    Topics: source of measurement error, sensor performance, time response, and intro to CR1000 data logger

• Read Emeis Chapter 1 (pg 1-6)

Page 26: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Additional info on Judd Snow Depth Sensor

Page 27: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Speed of Sound Varies with T

Page 28: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Ultrasonic Transducer

• The key component of the ultrasonic system is the transducer. The transducer is first used as a speaker to transmit an ultrasonic pulse, then it is used as a microphone to listen for the pulse after being reflected off a surface. 

• An embedded microcontroller calculates a temperature compensated distance and performs error checking

• Distance output as an analog signal between 0 and 5 Volts

Page 29: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Example Ultrasonic Transducer•A transducer is a device that converts a signal in one form of energyto another

•Here we are converting voltage into “ultrasonic range sounding pulses or vibrations” and vice versa

Page 30: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Multiple Echo Processing

• Dramatically improves the reliability of measurements. 

• If the difference between the two samples is greater than 1 centimeter, then the oldest sample is discarded and another measurement is made and another comparison is made. This retry algorithm will continue up to a maximum of ten times.

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Page 32: Why Should I Take Environmental Instrumentation ATMOS 5050/6050? Hands-on instrumentation courses are increasingly rare in U.S. environmental programs

Similar to Sonar

• The travel time of Sonar pulses is strongly dependent on the temperature and the salinity of the water. Ultrasonic ranging is also applied for measurement in air for shorter distances. The travel time in the air is temperature-dependent.