Why people take drugs.docx

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Why people take drugs

There are many reasons why people take drugs. Here are some of the factors which can influence them:

Risk taking

Some people are more drawn to risk taking than others. They may use drugs to fit in with their social

group or to help them cope, for a sense of release or individual transformation, or for the thrill.

Predisposition

It may be that your genetic or psychological characteristics mean you are more likely to take drugs.

Experimentation

Some people try drugs for the first time as an experiment, because they are curious or because friends

are doing it. They want to try it to see how it affects them and talk about their experiences with their

friends afterwards.

Gender and ageThe age you are when you first try drugs can influence how you will go on to use them. For example, the

younger you are when you start drinking alcohol, the more likely you are to try hard drugs later on.

Young men are more likely to experiment with drugs than women. However, heavy drug use can cause

more damage to young women.

Hedonism (the buzz)

This is a major factor, as many people take recreational drugs for the buzz or thrill. They make a

deliberate choice to pursue this high.

Peer groupThere are two schools of thought on the influence of your friends on your drug use. One is that the group

can pressure you into taking drugs. Another is that people may choose to hang out with people who are

into the same things as they are.

Availability

The easier it is to get drugs, the more likely you are to use them. This will also influence the type of drugs

you use.

Family, social and environmental factors

People who live in a deprived state, where the risk factors are high and the protective factors low, have ahigher risk of using drugs. In terms of family, the important factor is how happy and stable your family life

is, rather than whether you have two parents or not.

For a purpose

Some people use drugs to lose weight or to help them concentrate. Others may self-diagnose problems

and use drugs to self-medicate.


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Drug Abuse and Addiction

Signs, Symptoms, and Help for Drug Problems and Substance Abuse

Some people are able to use recreational or prescription drugs without ever experiencing negative

consequences or addiction. For many others, substance use can cause problems at work, home,school, and in relationships, leaving you feeling isolated, helpless, or ashamed.

If youre worried about your own or a friend or family members drug use, its important to know that

help is available. Learning about the nature of drug abuse and addictionhow it develops, what it

looks like, and why it can have such a powerful holdwill give you a better understanding of the

problem and how to best deal with it.

IN THIS ARTICLE:

Understanding drug use, abuse, addiction

How drug abuse, addiction develops Signs and symptoms Warning signs in others

Getting help for drug abuse and addiction When a loved one has a drug problem

When a teen has a drug problem

Understanding drug use, drug abuse, and addiction

People experiment with drugs for many different reasons. Many first try drugs out of curiosity, to have

a good time, because friends are doing it, or in an effort to improve athletic performance or ease

another problem, such as stress, anxiety, or depression. Use doesnt automatically lead to abuse, and

there is no specific level at which drug use moves from casual to problematic. It varies by individual.

Drug abuse and addiction is less about the amount of substance consumed or the frequency, and

more to do with theconsequencesof drug use. No matter how often or how little youre consuming,if your drug use is causing problems in your lifeat work, school, home, or in your relationshipsyou

likely have a drug abuse or addiction problem.

Why do some drug users become addicted, while others dont?

As with many other conditions and diseases, vulnerability to addiction differs from person to person.

Your genes, mental health, family and social environment all play a role in addiction. Risk factors that

increase your vulnerability include:
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Family history of addiction Abuse, neglect, or other traumatic experiences in childhood Mental disorders such as depression and anxiety Early use of drugs Method of administrationsmoking or injecting a drug may increase its addictive potential

Drug addiction and the brain

Addiction is a complex disorder characterized by compulsive drug use. While each drug produces

different physical effects, all abused substances share one thing in common: repeated use can alter

the way the brain looks and functions.

Taking a recreational drug causes a surge in levels of dopamine in your brain, which triggerfeelings of pleasure. Your brain remembers these feelings and wants them repeated.

If you become addicted, the substance takes on the same significance as other survivalbehaviors, such as eating and drinking.

Changes in your brain interfere with your ability to think clearly, exercise good judgment,control your behavior, and feel normal without drugs.

Whether youre addicted to inhalants, heroin, Xanax, speed, or Vicodin, the uncontrollable

craving to use grows more important than anything else, including family, friends, career, andeven your own health and happiness.

The urge to use is so strong that your mind finds many ways to deny or rationalize theaddiction. You may drastically underestimate the quantity of drugs youre taking, how much it

impacts your life, and the level of control you have over your drug use.

How drug abuse and addiction can develop

Learn how drugs block emotions

Watch a 3 -min. video:Roadblocks to awareness

People who experiment with drugs continue to use them because the substance either makes them

feel good, or stops them from feeling bad. In many cases, however, there is a fine line between

regular use and drug abuse and addiction. Very few addicts are able to recognize when they have

crossed that line. While frequency or the amount of drugs consumed dont in themselves constitute

drug abuse or addiction, they can often be indicators of drug-related problems.

Problems can sometimes sneak up on you, as your drug use gradually increases over time.Smoking a joint with friends at the weekend, or taking ecstasy at a rave, or cocaine at an

occasional party, for example, can change to using drugs a couple of days a week, then every

day. Gradually, getting and using the drug becomes more and more important to you.

If the drug fulfills a valuable need, you may find yourself increasingly relying on it. For

example, you may take drugs to calm you if you feel anxious or stressed, energize you if youfeel depressed, or make you more confident in social situations if you normally feel shy. Or you

may have started using prescription drugs to cope with panic attacks or relieve chronic pain,

for example. Until you find alternative, healthier methods for overcoming these problems, your

drug use will likely continue.

Similarly, if you use drugs to fill a void in your life,youre more at risk of crossing the linefrom casual use to drug abuse and addiction. To maintain healthy balance in your life, you

need to have other positive experiences, to feel good in your life aside from any drug use.
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As drug abuse takes hold, you may miss or frequently be late for work or school, your jobperformance may progressively deteriorate, and you start to neglect social or family

obligations. Your ability to stop using is eventually compromised. What began as a voluntary

choice has turned into a physical and psychological need.

The good news is that with the right treatment and support, you can counteract the disruptive effects

of drug use and regain control of your life. The first obstacle is to recognize and admit you have a

problem, or listen to loved ones who are often better able to see the negative effects drug use is

having on your life.

5 Myths about Drug Abuse and Addiction

MYTH 1: Overcoming addiction is a simply a matter of willpower. You can stop using drugs

if you really want to. Prolonged exposure to drugs alters the brain in ways that result in powerful

cravings and a compulsion to use. These brain changes make it extremely difficult to quit by sheer

force of will.

MYTH 2: Addiction is a disease; theres nothing you can do about it. Most experts agree that

addiction is a brain disease, but that doesnt mean youre a helpless victim. The brain changes

associated with addiction can be treated and reversed through therapy, medication, exercise, and

other treatments.

MYTH 3: Addicts have to hit rock bottom before they can get better. Recovery can begin at any

point in the addiction processand the earlier, the better. The longer drug abuse continues, the

stronger the addiction becomes and the harder it is to treat. Dont wait to intervene until the addict

has lost it all.

MYTH 4: You cant force someone into treatment; they have to want help.Treatment doesnt

have to be voluntary to be successful. People who are pressured into treatment by their family,

employer, or the legal system are just as likely to benefit as those who choose to enter treatment on

their own. As they sober up and their thinking clears, many formerly resistant addicts decide they

want to change.

MYTH 5: Treatment didnt work before, so theres no point trying again. Recovery from drug

addiction is a long process that often involves setbacks. Relapse doesnt mean that treatment has

failed or that youre a lost cause. Rather, its a signal to get back on track, either by going back to

treatment or adjusting the treatment approach.

Signs and symptoms of drug abuse and drug addiction

Although different drugs have different physical effects, the symptoms of addiction are similar. See if

you recognize yourself in the following signs and symptoms of substance abuse and addiction. If so,

consider talking to someone about your drug use.

Common signs and symptoms of drug abuse

Youre neglecting your responsibilitiesat school, work, or home (e.g. flunking classes,skipping work, neglecting your children) because of your drug use.

Youre using drugs under dangerous conditions or taking risks while high , such as

driving while on drugs, using dirty needles, or having unprotected sex.

Your drug use is getting you into legal trouble, such as arrests for disorderly conduct,driving under the influence, or stealing to support a drug habit.

Your drug use is causing problems in your relationships, such as fights with your partneror family members, an unhappy boss, or the loss of old friends.

Common signs and symptoms of drug addiction


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Youve built up a drug tolerance.You need to use more of the drug to experience the sameeffects you used to attain with smaller amounts.

You take drugs to avoid or relieve withdrawal symptoms. If you go too long withoutdrugs, you experience symptoms such as nausea, restlessness, insomnia, depression,

sweating, shaking, and anxiety.

Youve lost control over your drug use.You often do drugs or use more than you planned,

even though you told yourself you wouldnt. You may want to stop using, but you feelpowerless.

Your life revolves around drug use. You spend a lot of time using and thinking about drugs,figuring out how to get them, and recovering from the drugs effects.

Youve abandoned activities you used to enjoy, such as hobbies, sports, and socializing,because of your drug use.

You continue to use drugs, despite knowing its hurting you. Its causing major problemsin your lifeblackouts, infections, mood swings, depression, paranoiabut you use anyway.

Warning signs that a friend or family member is abusing drugs

Drug abusers often try to conceal their symptoms and downplay their problem. If youre worried that a

friend or family member might be abusing drugs, look for the following warning signs:

Physical warning signs of drug abuse

Bloodshot eyes, pupils larger or smaller than usual Changes in appetite or sleep patterns. Sudden weight loss or weight gain Deterioration of physical appearance, personal grooming habits Unusual smells on breath, body, or clothing Tremors, slurred speech, or impaired coordination

Behavioral signs of drug abuse

Drop in attendance and performance at work or school Unexplained need for money or financial problems. May borrow or steal to get it. Engaging in secretive or suspicious behaviors

Sudden change in friends, favorite hangouts, and hobbies Frequently getting into trouble (fights, accidents, illegal activities)

Psychological warning signs of drug abuse

Unexplained change in personality or attitude Sudden mood swings, irritability, or angry outbursts Periods of unusual hyperactivity, agitation, or giddiness Lack of motivation; appears lethargic or spaced out Appears fearful, anxious, or paranoid, with no reason

Warning Signs of Commonly Abused Drugs

Marijuana: Glassy, red eyes; loud talking, inappropriate laughter followed by sleepiness; lossof interest, motivation; weight gain or loss.

Depressants(including Xanax, Valium, GHB): Contracted pupils; drunk-like; difficultyconcentrating; clumsiness; poor judgment; slurred speech; sleepiness.

Stimulants(including amphetamines, cocaine, crystal meth): Dilated pupils;hyperactivity; euphoria; irritability; anxiety; excessive talking followed by depression or

excessive sleeping at odd times; may go long periods of time without eating or sleeping;

weight loss; dry mouth and nose.

Inhalants (glues, aerosols, vapors): Watery eyes; impaired vision, memory and thought;secretions from the nose or rashes around the nose and mouth; headaches and nausea;


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appearance of intoxication; drowsiness; poor muscle control; changes in appetite; anxiety;

irritability; lots of cans/aerosols in the trash.

Hallucinogens (LSD, PCP): Dilated pupils; bizarre and irrational behavior including paranoia,aggression, hallucinations; mood swings; detachment from people; absorption with self or

other objects, slurred speech; confusion.

Heroin: Contracted pupils; no response of pupils to light; needle marks; sleeping at unusual

times; sweating; vomiting; coughing, sniffling; twitching; loss of appetite.

Warning signs of teen drug abuse

While experimenting with drugs doesnt automatically lead to drug abuse, early use is a risk factor for

developing more serious drug abuse and addiction. Risk of drug abuse also increases greatly during

times of transition, such as changing schools, moving, or divorce. The challenge for parents is to

distinguish between the normal, often volatile, ups and downs of the teen years and the red flags of

substance abuse. These include:

Having bloodshot eyes or dilated pupils; using eye drops to try to mask these signs Skipping class; declining grades; suddenly getting into trouble at school Missing money, valuables, or prescriptions

Acting uncharacteristically isolated, withdrawn, angry, or depressed Dropping one group of friends for another; being secretive about the new peer group Loss of interest in old hobbies; lying about new interests and activities Demanding more privacy; locking doors; avoiding eye contact; sneaking around

Getting help for drug abuse and drug addiction

Finding help and support for drug addiction

Visit a Narcotics Anonymous meeting in your area. See below. Call 1-800-662-HELP in the U.S. to reach a free referral helpline from the Substance Abuse and

Mental Health Services Administration.

Recognizing that you have a problem is the first step on the road to recovery, one that takes

tremendous courage and strength. Facing your addiction without minimizing the problem or making

excuses can feel frightening and overwhelming, but recovery is within reach. If youre ready to make a

change and willing to seek help, you can overcome your addiction and build a satisfying, drug-free life

for yourself.

Support is essential to addiction recovery

Dont try to go it alone; its all too easy to get discouraged and rationalize just one more hit or pill.

Whether you choose to go to rehab, rely on self-help programs, get therapy, or take a self-directed

treatment approach, support is essential. Recovering from drug addiction is much easier when you

have people you can lean on for encouragement, comfort, and guidance.

Support can come from:

family members close friends therapists or counselors other recovering addicts healthcare providers people from your faith community


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When a loved one has a drug problem

If you suspect that a friend or family member has a drug problem, here are a few things you can do:

Speak up. Talk to the person about your concerns, and offer your help and support, withoutbeing judgmental. The earlier addiction is treated, the better. Dont wait for your loved one to

hit bottom! Be prepared for excuses and denial by listing specific examples of your loved ones

behavior that has you worried.

Take care of yourself.Dont get so caught up in someone elses drug problem that youneglect your own needs. Make sure you have people you can talk to and lean on for support.

And stay safe. Dont put yourself in dangerous situations.

Avoid self-blame. You can support a person with a substance abuse problem and encouragetreatment, but you cant force an addict to change. You cant control your loved ones

decisions. Let the person accept responsibility for his or her actions, an essential step along the

way to recovery for drug addiction.

But Dont

Attempt to punish, threaten, bribe, or preach. Try to be a martyr. Avoid emotional appeals that may only increase feelings of guilt and the

compulsion to use drugs.

Cover up or make excuses for the drug abuser, or shield them from the negative consequences oftheir behavior.

Take over their responsibilities, leaving them with no sense of importance or dignity. Hide or throw out drugs. Argue with the person when they are high. Take drugs with the drug abuser. Feel guilty or responsible for another's behavior.

Adapted from: National Clearinghouse for Alcohol & Drug Information

When your teen has a drug problem

Discovering your child uses drugs can generate fear, confusion, and anger in parents. Its important to

remain calm when confronting your teen, and only do so when everyone is sober. Explain your

concerns and make it clear that your concern comes from a place of love. Its important that your teen

feels you are supportive.

Five steps parents can take:

Lay down rules and consequences. Your teen should understand that using drugs comeswith specific consequences. But dont make hollow threats or set rules that you cannot enforce.

Make sure your spouse agrees with the rules and is prepared to enforce them.

Monitor your teens activity. Know where your teen goes and who he or she hangs out with.Its also important to routinely check potential hiding places for drugsin backpacks, between

books on a shelf, in DVD cases or make-up cases, for example. Explain to your teen that this

lack of privacy is a consequence of him or her having been caught using drugs.

Encourage other interests and social activities. Expose your teen to healthy hobbies andactivities, such as team sports and afterschool clubs. Talk to your child about underlying issues. Drug use can be the result of other problems.

Is your child having trouble fitting in? Has there been a recent major change, like a move or

divorce, which is causing stress?

Get Help. Teenagers often rebel against their parents but if they hear the same informationfrom a different authority figure, they may be more inclined to listen. Try a sports coach, family

doctor, therapist, or drug counselor.


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Signs and Symptoms of Drug UseThere are many signs, both physical and behavioral, that indicate drug use. Each drug hasits own unique manifestations but there are some general indications that a person is usingdrugs:

Sudden change in behavior Mood swings; irritable and grumpy and then suddenly happy and bright Withdrawal from family members Careless about personal grooming Loss of interest in hobbies, sports, and other favorite activities Changed sleeping pattern; up at night and sleeps during the day Red or glassy eyes Sniffly or runny nose

The following are effects related to frequently used drugs and also links to pages on the

signs and symptoms of specific drug use:

Methamphetamine Effects:"Wired"--sleeplessness for days and weeks at a time, total loss of appetite, extreme weightloss, dialated pupils, excited, talkative, deluded sense of power, paranoia, depression, lossof control, nervousness, unusual sweating, shaking, anxiety, hallucinations, aggression,

violence, dizziness, mood changes, blurred vision, mental confusion, agitation. Moremethaddiction info.

Signs and Symptoms of Meth Use Symptoms of ice use

Ecstasy:Signs and Symptoms of Ecstasy AbuseCocaine Effects:Impaired thinking, confused, anxious, depressed, short tempered, panic attacks,suspiciousness, dilated pupils, sleeplessness, loss of appetite, decreased sexual drive,restlessness, irritability, very talkative, scratching, hallucinations, paranoia.

Cocaine signs/symptoms:here More on cocaine effects: cravings and damages Help for cocaine addicts

Also info on crack cocaine useon this pageLSD (Acid) Effects:Dilated pupils, skin discoloration, loss of coordination, false sense of power, euphoria,

distortion of time and space, hallucinations, confusion, paranoia, nausea, vomiting, loss ofcontrol, anxiety, panic, helplessness, and self destructive behavior.LSD abuse signs and

symptomsand moreLSD info

PCP Effects:Sometimes violent or bizarre behavior (suicide has often occurred), paranoia, fearfulness,anxiety, aggressive or withdrawn, skin flushing, sweating, dizziness, total numbness, and

impaired perceptions.
http://www.narconon.org/drug-information/methamphetamine-meth.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-information/methamphetamine-meth.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-information/methamphetamine-meth.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-information/methamphetamine-meth.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-meth-use.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-meth-use.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-ice-use.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-ice-use.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-ecstasy-use.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-ecstasy-use.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-ecstasy-use.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-cocaine-use.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-cocaine-use.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-cocaine-use.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/cocaine-effects.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/cocaine-effects.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-rehab/how-narconon-helps-cocaine-addicts.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-rehab/how-narconon-helps-cocaine-addicts.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-crack-use.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-crack-use.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-crack-use.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-lsd.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-lsd.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-lsd.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-lsd.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-information/lsd-information.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-information/lsd-information.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-information/lsd-information.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-information/lsd-information.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-lsd.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-lsd.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-crack-use.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-rehab/how-narconon-helps-cocaine-addicts.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/cocaine-effects.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-cocaine-use.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-ecstasy-use.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-ice-use.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-abuse/signs-symptoms-meth-use.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-information/methamphetamine-meth.htmlhttp://www.narconon.org/drug-information/methamphetamine-meth.html


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Inhalant Effects:Short-lasting euphoria, giggling, silliness, dizziness. Then come the headaches and full-blown "faintings" or going unconscious. Longterm Use: Short-term memory loss, emotional

instability, impairment of reasoning, slurred speech, clumsy staggering gait, eye flutter,tremors, hearing loss, loss of sense of smell, and escalating stages of brain atrophy.

Sometimes these serious longterm effects are reversible with body detoxification and

nutritional therapy; sometimes the brain damage is irreversible or only partially reversible.

Heroin EffectsChemically enforced euphoria. "Nodding," which is a dreamlike state, near sleep, drifting off

for minutes or hours. For long-time abusers, heroin may act like a stimulant and they can

do a normal daily routine; however, for others, it leaves them completely powerless to doanything. Moreheroin addictioninfo

Heroin effects: abuse and damages Signs and symptoms of heroin abuse Help for heroin addicts

Methadone:Methadone Use Signs and SymptomsMarijuana EffectsCompulsive eating, bloodshot red eyes that are squinty (they may have trouble keepingthem open), dry mouth, excessive and uncontrollable laughter, forgetfulness, short termmemory loss, extreme lethargy, delayed motor skills, occasional paranoia, hallucinations,

laziness, lack of motivation, stupidity, sickly sweet smell on body, hair, and clothes, and

strong mood changes and behaviors when the person is "high".More marijuana info

More on the effects of weed Signs and symptoms of marijuana use

Depressants (Tranquilizers and Barbituates):Decreased inhibition, slowed motor coordination, lethargy, relaxed muscles, staggering gait,poor judgement, slow, uncertain reflexes, disorientation, and slurred speech.Signs andSymptoms of Tranquilizer Use

Prescription drugs:Signs and Symptoms of Prescription Drugs

Signs and Symptoms of Pain Relievers Sedatives signs and symptoms

Signs and Symptoms| |

Warning Signs:

The use and abuse of drugs are serious issues that should not be ignored or minimized and we should not sit back

and hope they just go away. If left untreated, use and abuse can develop into drug dependence. As a result, it is

important to recognize the signs and symptoms of drug abuse early. If youre worried that a friend or family member

might be abusing drugs, here are some of the warning signs to look for:
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1. Physical and health warning signs of drug abuse

Eyes that are bloodshot or pupils that are smaller or larger than normal.

Frequent nosebleeds--could be related to snorted drugs (meth or cocaine).

Changes in appetite or sleep patterns. Sudden weight loss or weight gain.

Seizures without a history of epilepsy.

Deterioration in personal grooming or physical appearance. Injuries/accidents and person wont or cant tell you how they got hurt.

Unusual smells on breath, body, or clothing.

Shakes, tremors, incoherent or slurred speech, impaired or unstable coordination.

2. Behavioral signs of drug abuse

Drop in attendance and performance at work or school; loss of interest in extracurricular activities, hobbies,sports or exercise; decreased motivation.

Complaints from co-workers, supervisors, teachers or classmates.

Unusual or unexplained need for money or financial problems; borrowing or stealing; missing money orvaluables.

Silent, withdrawn, engaging in secretive or suspicious behaviors. Sudden change in relationships, friends, favorite hangouts, and hobbies.

Frequently getting into trouble (arguments, fights, accidents, illegal activities).

3. Psychological warning signs of drug abuse

Unexplained change in personality or attitude.

Sudden mood changes, irritability, angry outbursts or laughing at nothing.

Periods of unusual hyperactivity or agitation.

Lack of motivation; inability to focus, appearing lethargic or spaced out.

Appearing fearful, withdrawn, anxious, or paranoid, with no apparent reason.

Signs and symptoms of Drug Dependence:

Drug dependence involves all the symptoms of drug abuse, but also involves another element: physical dependence.

1. Tolerance: Tolerance means that, over time, you need more drugs to feel the same effects. Do they use more

drugs now than they used before? Do they use more drugs than other people without showing obvious signs of

intoxication?

2. Withdrawal: As the effect of the drugs wear off, the person may experience withdrawal symptoms: anxiety or

jumpiness; shakiness or trembling; sweating, nausea and vomiting; insomnia; depression; irritability; fatigue or loss of

appetite and headaches. Do they use drugs to steady the nerves, stop the shakes in the morning? Drug use to

relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms is a sign of addiction.

In severe cases, withdrawal from drugs can be life-threatening and involve hallucinations, confusion, seizures, fever,

and agitation. These symptoms can be dangerous and should be managed by a physician specifically trained andexperienced in dealing with addiction.

3. Loss of Control: Using more drugs than they wanted to, for longer than they intended, or despite telling

themselves that they wouldnt do it this time.

4. Desire to Stop, But Cant: They have a persistent desire to cut down or stop their drug use, but all efforts to stop

and stay stopped, have been unsuccessful.


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5. Neglecting Other Activities: They are spending less time on activities that used to be important to them (hanging

out with family and friends, exercising or going to the gym, pursuing hobbies or other interests) because of the use of

drugs.

6. Drugs Take Up Greater Time, Energy and Focus: They spend a lot of time using drugs, thinking about it, or

recovering from its effects. They have few, if any, interests, social or community involvements that dont revolve

around the use of drugs.

7. Continued Use Despite Negative Consequences: They continue to use drugs even though they know its

causing problems. As an example, person may realize that their drug use is interfering with ability to do their job, is

damaging their marriage, making problems worse, or causing health problems, but they continue to use.

Symptoms

By Mayo Clinic staffMost drug addictions start with casual or social use of a drug. For some people, using the drug becomes

a habit, and its use becomes more and more frequent. As time passes, you may need larger doses of the

drug to get high. Soon you may need the drug just to feel good. As your drug use increases, you may find

that it becomes increasingly difficult to go without the drug. Stopping may cause intense cravings and

make you feel physically ill (withdrawal symptoms).Drug addiction symptoms or behaviors include:

Feeling that you have to use the drug regularly this can be daily or even several times a day

Failing in your attempts to stop using the drug

Making certain that you maintain a supply of the drug

Spending money on the drug, even though you can't afford it

Doing things to obtain the drug that you normally wouldn't do, such as stealing

Feeling that you need the drug to deal with your problems

Driving or doing other risky activities when you're under the influence of the drug

Focusing more and more time and energy on getting and using the drug

Recognizing drug abuse in teenagers

It can sometimes be difficult to distinguish normal teenage moodiness or angst from signs of drug use.

Possible indications that your teenager is using drugs include:
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Problems at school. Frequently missing classes or missing school, a sudden disinterest in school or

school activities, or a drop in grades may be indicators of drug use.

Physical health issues. Lack of energy and motivation may indicate your child is using certain drugs.

Neglected appearance. Teenagers are generally concerned about how they look. A lack of interest in

clothing, grooming or looks may be a warning sign of drug use.

Changes in behavior. Teenagers enjoy privacy, but exaggerated efforts to bar family members from

entering their rooms or knowing where they go with their friends might indicate drug use. Also, drastic

changes in behavior and in relationships with family and friends may be linked to drug use.

Spending money. Sudden requests for money without a reasonable explanation for its use may be a

sign of drug use. You may also discover money stolen from previously safe places at home. Items may

disappear from your home because they're being sold to support a drug habit.

Recognizing signs of drug use and dependence

The particular signs and symptoms of drug use and dependence vary depending on the type of drug. You

might be able to tell that a family member or a friend is using or abusing a drug based on the physical and

behavioral signs and symptoms associated with the drug.

Marijuana and hashish

It's possible to develop a psychological addiction to cannabis compounds including tetrahydrocannabinol

(THC) found in marijuana and hashish. People who have a marijuana addiction generally use the drug on

a daily basis. They don't actually have a chemical dependence on the drug but rather feel the need to

regularly use the drug.

Signs of use and dependence can include:

A heightened sense of visual, auditory and taste perception

Poor memory

Increased blood pressure and heart rate

Red eyes

Decreased coordination

Difficulty concentrating

Increased appetite


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Slowed reaction time

Paranoid thinking

Barbiturates and benzodiazepines

Barbiturates and benzodiazepines are prescription central nervous system depressants. Phenobarbital,

amobarbital (Amytal) and secobarbital (Seconal) are examples of barbiturates. Benzodiazepines include

tranquilizers, such as diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), lorazepam (Ativan), clonazepam

(Klonopin) and chlordiazepoxide (Librium). If you're prescribed these drugs, take them exactly as ordered.

If you feel your need for these medications is increasing, talk to your doctor.


Drowsiness

Slurred speech

Lack of coordination

Memory problems

Confusion

Slowed breathing and decreased blood pressure

Dizziness

Depression

Methamphetamine, cocaine and other stimulants

This class of drugs includes amphetamines, methamphetamine, cocaine and methylphenidate (Ritalin).


Euphoria

Decreased appetite

Rapid speech

Irritability

Restlessness

Depression as the drug wears off


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Nasal congestion and damage to the mucous membrane of the nose in users who snort drugs

Insomnia

Weight loss

Increased heart rate, blood pressure and temperature

Paranoia

Methamphetamine, also known as "meth," is a particularly dangerous drug. It's highly addictive and

causes a number of short-term and long-term health consequences. Methamphetamine is relatively

inexpensive and widely available.

Club drugs

Club drugs are drugs commonly used by teens and young adults at clubs, concerts and parties.

Examples include Ecstasy (MDMA), GHB, Rohypnol ("roofies") and ketamine. These drugs are not all

classified in the same category, but they share some similar effects and dangers.

Signs of club drug use and dependence can include:

An exaggerated feeling of great happiness or well-being (euphoria)

Reduced inhibitions

A heightened or altered sense of sight, sound and taste

Amphetamine-like effects (with ketamine and Ecstasy)

Decreased coordination

Poor judgment

Memory problems or loss of memory

Increased or decreased heart rate and blood pressure

Drowsiness and loss of consciousness (with GHB and Rohypnol)

GHB and Rohypnol are particularly dangerous. At high doses, they can cause seizures, coma and death.

The danger increases when these drugs are taken with alcohol. Because they worsen consciousness and

memory and they're easy to give someone without his or her knowledge or consent, these drugs are both

commonly used as date-rape drugs.


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One particular danger of club drugs is that the liquid, pill or powder forms of these drugs available on the

street often contain unknown substances that can be harmful, including other illegally manufactured or

pharmaceutical drugs.

Hallucinogens

Use of hallucinogens produces different signs and symptoms depending on the drug. The most common

hallucinogens are LSD and phencyclidine (PCP).

Signs of LSD use include:

Hallucinations

Greatly reduced perception of reality, for example, interpreting input from one of your senses as another,

such as hearing colors

Permanent mental changes in perception

Rapid heart rate

High blood pressure

Tremors

Flashbacks, a re-experience of the hallucinations even years later

Signs of PCP use include:

Hallucinations

Euphoria

Delusions

Panic

Loss of appetite

Depression

Aggressive, possibly violent behavior

Inhalants

The signs and symptoms of inhalant use vary depending on what substance is inhaled. Some commonly


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inhaled substances include glue, paint thinners, correction fluid, felt tip marker fluid, gasoline, cleaning

fluids and household aerosol products.

When inhaled, these products can cause brief intoxication and a decreased feeling of inhibition. Long-

term use may cause seizures and damage to the brain, liver and kidneys. Inhalant use can also cause

death.

Narcotic painkillers

Opioids are narcotic, painkilling drugs produced naturally from opium or made synthetically. This class of

drugs includes heroin, morphine, codeine, methadone and oxycodone (OxyContin). If you're prescribed

these medications by a doctor, take them exactly as directed. Don't increase your dose without first

talking to your doctor.

Signs of narcotic use and dependence can include:

Reduced sense of pain

Sedation

Depression

Confusion

Constipation

Slowed breathing

Needle marks (if injecting drugs)

When to see a doctor

If you think your drug use is out of control or is causing problems, get help. The sooner you seek help, the

greater your chances are for a long-term recovery. Your family doctor may be a good place to start, or

you may see a mental health provider such as a psychologist or psychiatrist.

Make an appointment to see a doctor if:

You can't stop using a drug.

Your drug use has led to unsafe behavior, such as sharing needles or unprotected sex.


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You think you may be having withdrawal symptoms. If you're reluctant to approach a doctor, help lines or

hotlines may be a good place to learn about treatment. You can find these lines listed in the phone book

or on the Internet.

Seek emergency help if you or someone you know has taken a drug and:

May have overdosed

Loses consciousness

Has trouble breathing

Has seizures

Has signs of a heart attack, such as chest pain or pressure

Has any other troublesome physical or psychological reaction to use of the drug

Drug abuse is a very common problem in most countries so it seemed like a good topic

for a list. This is a list of ten of the most abused drugs and the effects they have on

people.

10Heroin
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Heroin is an opiate processed directly from the extracts of the opium poppy. It was

originally created to help cure people of addiction to morphine. Upon crossing the blood-

brain barrier, which occurs soon after introduction of the drug into the bloodstream,

heroin is converted into morphine, which mimics the action of endorphins, creating a

sense of well-being; the characteristic euphoria has been described as an orgasm

centered in the gut. One of the most common methods of heroin use is via intravenous

injection.

For the last 4 months, my partner and I have been recreationally using heroin.H became our weekend ritual. Lighting candles, playing music, brie and wineand grapes, reading tarot and finally fucking for hours on end, the most

intense beautiful technicolor sex. Each time we did it we got closer to eachother. And each time we did it, we wanted to do it again, and again. We triedsaying wed only do it once every two weeks, but that lasted 6 days. We haverules about how much we do in one night, how late we stay up and so on. Sofar the rules have kept us safe from addiction. Unless you consider thenagging i-dont-wanna-go-a-weekend-or-have-sex-without-it feelings. Wevenever run out, although, once we were down to our last little bit and I left thevial open on the night stand. I was reaching for the lube when I heard themost sickening sound, the vial falling over. Turns out, I was mistaken, I hadremembered to put the cap back on. But in those few seconds of uncertainty,

my girl and I shot each other a look we had never seen before.. Fear.

9Cocaine
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Cocaine is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca

plant. It is both a stimulant of the central nervous system and an appetite suppressant,

giving rise to what has been described as a euphoric sense of happiness and increased

energy. It is most often used recreationally for this effect. Cocaine is a potent central

nervous system stimulant. Its effects can last from 20 minutes to several hours,

depending upon the dosage of cocaine taken, purity, and method of administration. The

initial signs of stimulation are hyperactivity, restlessness, increased blood pressure,

increased heart rate and euphoria. The euphoria is sometimes followed by feelings of

discomfort and depression and a craving to experience the drug again. Sexual interest

and pleasure can be amplified. Side effects can include twitching, paranoia, and

impotence, which usually increases with frequent usage.

The cocaine arrived and we agreed to use it at a time that translated to three and a half

hours after I arrived. It cost $60 for what I was told was an eighth of a gram. This

seemed rather expensive, but I was assured that it was high quality product. I took the

line up my left nostril. After about ninety seconds, I felt my heartbeat increase. It was

definitely kicking in. I began to worry a bit, as I could feel my heart pounding and my

pulse increasing. I finally felt as if it had reached a plateau. My heartbeat became level,

albeit still very high. Many people say that one feels euphoria being invincible and/or

the desire to clean the house. I did not feel either of these (and I did remember to think

about these things). For me, the positive effects of cocaine came directly from knowingthat I had reached a plateau and I was going to be fine. I felt invigorated, yet also very

comfortable.

One of the besttreatment for drug addictionis to consult with cocaine rehab centers for

recovery.

8Methamphetamine
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Methamphetamime, popularly shortened to meth or ice, is a psychostimulant and

sympathomimetic drug. Methamphetamine enters the brain and triggers a cascading

release of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. Since it stimulates the mesolimbic

reward pathway, causing euphoria and excitement, it is prone to abuse and addiction.

Users may become obsessed or perform repetitive tasks such as cleaning, hand-

washing, or assembling and disassembling objects. Withdrawal is characterized by

excessive sleeping, eating and depression-like symptoms, often accompanied by

anxiety and drug-craving.

We first smoked meth on New Years Eve because we heard it was great for sex. I had

to work the next day and so saved some to smoke before work in the morning. When I

got home another g was waiting for me and I smoked every day but one until I finally

quit three months later. For three weeks we smoked meth with little consequence, then

my skin became fragile and in addition to breaking out, started to swell. I was really

worried because I was constantly thirsty and drinking water, but I rarely urinated. Then

my kidneys started hurting. I had lost twenty pounds in two months and my husband

had lost thirty, and wed read somewhere that rapid weight loss can cause kidney

failure. I slept every three or four days for an hour or so and woke feeling rested. I was

an hour late for work everyday. My husband wrecked the truck three times. One day Iforgot to feed my son. Everything was either the highest of highs or the lowest of lows,

no in between existed anymore. We were banned from the sauna at our apartment

complex because no one else could use it. Our sweat smelled so strongly of ammonia it

burned the eyes, it was caustic, and it burned our skin too. My husband and I havent

done any drugs at all for four weeks, and things are slowly going back to normal. But I
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still want it. I cant sleep tonight because I want it. I wrote this in all honesty mostly to

help myself, to remind myself why I dontwant it. And still I want it.

7Crack Cocaine

Crack cocaine, often nicknamed crack, is believed to have been created and made

popular during the early 1980s . Because of the dangers for manufacturers of using

ether to produce pure freebase cocaine, producers began to omit the step of removingthe freebase precipitate from the ammonia mixture. Typically, filtration processes are

also omitted. Baking soda is now most often used as a base rather than ammonia for

reasons of lowered odor and toxicity; however, any weak base can be used to make

crack cocaine. When commonly cooked the ratio is 1:1 to 2:3 parts

cocaine/bicarbonate.

As I held the smoke in for a ten count and exhaled, I thought I felt nothing except a little

excitement that was neither bad nor pleasurable. The complete rush some writers have

called a whole-body orgasm hit me shortly after and I distinctly remember demanding

more as soon as the realization of heaven-on-earth came. Some people say that the

effects of smoking crack lasts 10-15 minutes. For me, it was just a shortest instant of

gratification. Everything afterwards was just a great increase in energy and confidence

geared towards obtaining more of the drug.
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6LSD

Lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD, LSD-25, or acid, is a semisynthetic psychedelic drug

of the tryptamine family. Arguably the most regarded of all psychedelics, it is considered

mainly as a recreational drug, an entheogen, and a tool in use to supplement various

types of exercises for transcendence including in meditation, psychonautics, and illegal

psychedelic psychotherapy whether self administered or not. LSDs psychological

effects (colloquially called a trip) vary greatly from person to person, depending on

factors such as previous experiences, state of mind and environment, as well as dose

strength. They also vary from one trip to another, and even as time passes during a

single trip. An LSD trip can have long term psychoemotional effects; some users cite the

LSD experience as causing significant changes in their personality and life perspective.

Widely different effects emerge based on what Leary called set and setting; the set

being the general mindset of the user, and the setting being the physical and social

environment in which the drugs effects are experienced.

About ten years ago I bought my third trip from a guy in my home town Norwich (UK) Itwas a Strawberry and I was told it had been double dipped. The guy had a reputation

for selling good acid so I happily gave him my cash. I took the single LSD tab in the late

morning in a positive state of mind with no worries or anxieties. I began to come up on

the acid towards the lunch time. It was to be the first and last time Id ever trip alone.

Outside it was a glorious sunny day but I was happy enough in my temporary sanctuary
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to even think about going outside. The LSD rush started blazing up my spine and racing

through my guts, I felt a little uneasy with it but had enough mind to allow myself to just

go with it and wait until the rush plateaued. I was having a wonderful time, watching

floral Escher type patterns breathing over my skin. I vaguely recall deciding to go

downstairs again for some reason then the next thing I recall was awakening on the

floor of the dining room alone. The first thing I noticed was that there were blowflies

buzzing around a bowl of catfood on the kitchen floor. I remember feeling perplexed as

to why both flies had two bright neon after images in red and blue. Somehow I

navigated myself through Norwich during the busy lunchtime shoppers and begun to

head in the direction of the citys central park Chapelfield gardens. If you could imagine

for a moment being surrounded by people in a busy place where their heads had been

removed and replaced by Squids and Octopus you might begin to accurately picture the

scene confronting me in the park. Everyone had tentacles smothering their faces and

dangling down their necks like fleshy snake beards, even the women and children were

not exempt from this disfiguration. In retrospect, it was the worst day of my entire life, It

was the closest I can imagine to having full blown psychosis.

5Ecstasy

Ecstasy (MDMA) is a semisynthetic psychedelic entactogen of the phenethylamine

family that is much less visual with more stimulant like effects than most all other
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common trip producing psychedelics. It is considered mainly a recreational drug thats

often used with sex and associated with club drugs, as an entheogen, and a tool in use

to supplement various types of practices for transcendence including in meditation,

psychonautics, and illicit psychedelic psychotherapy whether self administered or not.

The primary effects of MDMA include an increased awareness of the senses, feelings of

openness, euphoria, empathy, love,happiness, heightened self-awareness, feeling of

mental clarity and an increased appreciation of music and movement. Tactile

sensations are enhanced for some users, making physical contact with others more

pleasurable. Other side effects, such as jaw clenching and elevated pulse, are common.

Sitting comfortably in our cosy living room, Caf del Mar and similar CDs playing in the

background, we began at 8 pm. I swallowed one white tablet with water. Over the next

hour nothing much happened except that I found myself talking quite openly and

confidently with the others, moving very easily into interesting conversations. This was a

little unusual for me as I am normally quite shy and overly self-conscious in social

situations and it takes me a while to loosen up. The next thing I experienced was a

striking shift in my visual perception. I dont mean a hallucination or a distortion, but a

wonderful step up in the aesthetic quality. For a moment it was like being in one of

those nostalgic TV ads where the world looks all gold and sepia. Everythings gone

amber! I blurted. But then I found that my vision was becoming beautifully enhanced. It

made my normal visual experience seem like cheap, fuzzy CCTV footage incomparison. Now I was seeing the world anew in sharp, lush, top-quality Technicolor! I

also began to move in time to the music. The music! Oh, the music! Wow! It sounded so

good, so organic! The uplifted state stayed with me and took a long time to fade at

least a couple of weeks. It had unleashed in me a rush of joy that was still accessible

when I focused on it weeks later.

4Opium


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Opium is a resinous narcotic formed from the latex released by lacerating (or scoring)

the immature seed pods of opium poppies (Papaver somniferum). It contains up to 16%

morphine, an opiate alkaloid, which is most frequently processed chemically to produce

heroin for the illegal drug trade. Opium has gradually been superseded by a variety of

purified, semi-synthetic, and synthetic opioids with progressively stronger effect, and by

other general anesthesia. This process began in 1817, when Friedrich Wilhelm AdamSertrner reported the isolation of pure morphine from opium after at least thirteen

years of research and a nearly disastrous trial on himself and three boys.

I remember that what I smoked was much easier to smoke than marijuana. There was

no burning in my throat nor in my lungs. I took a very large, smooth hit. Smoking it like

marijuana, I held it in for about 10 or 15 seconds and let it out. It didnt taste like

marijuana, I remember the taste being rather faint. It actually tasted and smelled like

incense. I was very surprised to suddenly find myself on the floor, in the dark, with acrowd of people surrounding me. Apparently I had fainted and fallen to the ground, but I

hadnt noticed. The high itself is rather hard to describe. It was much more intense than

marijuana. It felt heavy, like my whole body was being impacted but it also felt very

clear and refined at the same time. As I made my way towards the bathroom the drug

began to kick in again. My steps kind of faded away and it felt like I was just floating
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over to the bathroom. The scary thing was though, that I was having trouble seeing. My

vision was fading. Distinct figures melted into shadows and everything had a sparkle to

it. All of a sudden, everything felt really good. I couldnt stop smiling. Everything was

profound in a very positive way, especially the music since it resonated everywhere. It

was a very abstruse experience. I imagine that I was coming down at this point, an hour

had surely past by because the band was building a climax to end their first set. I went

along with the crowd and made my way outside. The fresh air was wonderful. The cool

air seemed to wrap around my body. A slight breeze on the back of my neck sent chills

that rapidly multiplied throughout my body.

3Marijuana

Cannabis, known as marijuana in its herbal form, is a psychoactive product of the plant

Cannabis sativa. Humans have been consuming cannabis since prehistory, although in

the 20th century there was a rise in its use for recreational, religious or spiritual, and

medicinal purposes. It is estimated that about four percent of the worlds adult

population use cannabis annually. It has psychoactive and physiological effects when

consumed, usually by smoking or ingestion. The minimum amount of THC required to

have a perceptible psychoactive effect is about 10 micrograms per kilogram of body

weight. The state of intoxication due to cannabis consumption is colloquially known as a

high; it is the state where mental and physical facilities are noticeably altered due to

the consumption of cannabis. Each user experiences a different high, and the nature of
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it may vary upon factors such as potency, dose, chemical composition, method of

consumption and set and setting.

After taking that first hit, and not feeling the effects within a minute (holding it in for a

minute, and then waiting a little bit after exhaling) I decided, well I better hit this again,

harder if I can. I took just as large of a hit, and again held it in for longer than a minute. I

let my brother know I was really starting to feel something now and I dont think I liked it

all. It snuck up on me really bad, and I still had no idea what to expect. I wanted him to

be quiet. Laying down was not helping, so I got back up. I went back to the garage and

tried to explain to everyone I am totally fucked up. This is scary! I was rationalizing

everything tremendously, but it was SO intense! And it was only getting more intense

faster! I didnt know what to expect, I was sinking within myself, accelerating downward

like into the depths of my own oblivion. I was a novice, I had no idea what to expect,

and the world had become out of synch, the talking of my brothers, his friend, all

ridiculous and extremely annoying. I became amazingly irritable and wanted them to

leave me alone or not talk in my presence. They did not understand or appreciate my

fear, and they began to get loud again. I ran upstairs to my parents bed and laid down

with some wistful hope that I could wait out this storm.

2Psilocybin Mushrooms
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Psilocybin mushrooms (also called psilocybian mushrooms) are fungi that contain the

psychedelic substances psilocybin and psilocin, and occasionally other psychoactive

tryptamines. There are multiple colloquial terms for psilocybin mushrooms, the most

common being magic mushrooms or shrooms. When psilocybin is ingested, it is broken

down to produce psilocin, which is responsible for the hallucinogenic effects. The

intoxicating effects of psilocybin-containing mushrooms typically last anywhere from 3 to

7 hours depending on dosage, preparation method and personal metabolism. The

experience is typically inwardly oriented, with strong visual and auditory components.

Visions and revelations may be experienced, and the effect can range from exhilarating

to distressing. There can be also a total absence of effects, even with large doses.

I had acquired about 8 grams of dried mushrooms and some liquid psilocybin equivalent

to another 5 grams of powdered mushrooms. I swallowed the liquid first, on an empty

stomach of course. I could feel a slight sensation after about 10-15 minutes. Then I

added the powder to some water in a mug and swallowed that also. I then sat by the

camp fire, listening to the wind in the trees while I contemplated what was about to

happen. After about 45-50 minutes I heard a voice calling to me. It wasnt audible in

the normal sense it came from inside my own mind! Then I was gone out of this

world. I escaped into what I perceived to be the outer boundaries of my mind or my

imagination. This placed presented itself as a natural forest with low light. Here I met the

owner of the aforementioned voice the Mushroom Goddess. She took the form of awhite, strapless, ankle-length dress, standing side-on from me. For about the next two

hours I dialoged with her, becoming totally bewitched by her charm, her wit, her

intelligence, her knowledge, her unconditional affection for me and her seemingly

infinite perspective. I have come to think of her as my other-worldly girlfriend.

1PCP


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PCP (Phencyclidine) is a dissociative drug formerly used as an anesthetic agent,

exhibiting hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. It is commonly known as Angel Dust,but is also known as Wet, Sherm, Sherman Hemsley, Rocket Fuel, Ashy Larry,

Shermans Tank, Wack, Halk Hogan, Ozone, HannaH, Hog, Manitoba Shlimbo, and

Embalming Fluid, among other names. Although the primary psychoactive effects of the

drug only last hours, total elimination from the body is prolonged, typically extending

over weeks. PCP is consumed in a recreational manner by drug users, mainly in the

United States, where the demand is met by illegal production. It comes in both powder

and liquid forms (PCP base dissolved most often in ether), but typically it is sprayed

onto leafy material such as marijuana, mint, oregano, parsley or Ginger Leaves, andsmoked. PCP has potent effects on the nervous system altering perceptual functions

(hallucinations, delusional ideas, delirium or confused thinking), motor functions

(unsteady gait, loss of coordination, and disrupted eye movement or nystagmus), and

autonomic nervous system regulation (rapid heart rate, altered temperature regulation).

The drug has been known to alter mood states in an unpredictable fashion causing

some individuals to become detached and others to become animated.

When I was taking the drug, I used very small amounts. The effect was incredibly

pleasant and social, so much so that me and my friends all used it instead of booze for

almost a year. I couldnt dance for shit on the stuff (Id get stumbly and actually fell on

my ass on the dancefloor once) but the physical sensations and mental pictures were

really fun. It is quite different from any psychedelic visuals or even Ketamine

visualsmore like rolling through old film footage. To be honest, I liked it more than my
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experiences on Ketamine. PCP can make one nearly impervious to pain at high doses.

Because of this, PCP can make things seem like a good idea that otherwise wouldnt

(leading to the stories of people leaping out of windows, etc.) I experienced very

confusing physical reality when really high on it, like being unable to discern the

difference between walking up stairs and down them, or standing still and walking. This

could lead to very unusual behaviour.

Top 8 Drug Categories

Posted on Monday, September 17th, 2012 at 8:14 pm.Written byCasa Palmera StaffDrug Categories

Drugs come in various forms, and can be taken numerous ways. Some are legal and othersare not. Drug abuse and misuse can cause numerous health problems, and in seriouscases death can occur. Treatment for drug abuse is often sought to aid in recovery.

Stimulants

These drugs speed up the bodys nervous system and create a feeling of energy. They arealso called uppers because of their ability to make you feel very awake. Stimulants havethe opposite effect of depressants. When the effects of a stimulant wear off, the user istypically left with feelings of sickness and a loss of energy. Constant use of such drugs canhave very negative effects on the user. In order to prevent extreme negative side effects ofthese drugs and the impact they have on life, drug treatment centers are oftenrecommended.

Types of drugs include:

Cocaine Methamphetamines Amphetamines Ritalin Cylert

Inhalants

Inhalants are sniffed or huffed and give the user immediate results. Unfortunately, theseimmediate results can also result in sudden mental damage. When inhalants are taken, the
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body becomes deprived of oxygen, causing a rapid heart beat. Other effects include liver,lung and kidney problems, affected sense of smell, difficulty walking and confusion.


Glues Paint thinner Gasoline Laughing gas Aerosol sprays

Cannabinoids

These drugs result in feelings of euphoria, cause confusion and memory problems, anxiety,a higher heart rate, as well as staggering and poor reaction time.


Hashish Marijuana

Depressants

Depressants slow down activity in the central nervous system of your body. These drugsare also called downers because they slow the body down and seem to give feelings ofrelaxation. Depressants are available as prescription drugs to relieve stress and anger,although drowsiness is often a side effect. The relaxation felt from these drugs is not ahealthy feeling for the body to experience, to stop abuse of this drug, drug treatment issuggested.

Types of drugs:

Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Flunitrazepam GHB (Gamma-hydroxybutyrate) Methaqualone Alcohol Tranquillisers

Opioids & Morphine Derivatives

Opioids and morphine derivatives can cause drowsiness, confusion, nausea, feelings ofeuphoria, respiratory complications and relieve pain.


Codeine Fentanyl and fentanyl analogs Heroin Morphine Opium Oxycodone HCL


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Hydrocodone bitartrate, acetaminophen

Anabolic Steroids

Steroids are taken to improve physical performance as well as to enlarge muscles andincrease strength. Negative effects of steroids include baldness, cysts, oily hair and skin,acne, heart attack, stroke and change in voice. Hostility is also a frequent side effect ofanabolic steroids.


Anadrol Oxandrin Durabolin Stanozol Dianabol

Hallucinogens

When taking hallucinogens, switching emotions is frequent. These drugs change the mindand cause the appearance of things that are not really there. Hallucinogens affect thebodys self-control, such as speech and movement, and often bring about hostility. Othernegative side effects of these drugs include heart failure, increased heart rate, higher bloodpressure and changes in the bodys hormones.


LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) Mescaline Psilocybin Cannabis

Magic MushroomsPrescription Drugs

Prescription drugs can be very helpful drugs when used properly and when under theguidance of a qualified physician. These drugs can be used as aids in surgery, to treatmedical conditions and while controlling various symptoms. Misuse and abuse ofprescription drugs however can be very dangerous.


Opiods: Codeine, Oxycodone, Morphine Central nervous system depressants: barbiturates, benzodiazepines Stimulants: dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate

DRUG TYPES


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Stimulants

Stimulants are drugs that stimulate the Central Nervous System. These substances

tend to increase alertness and physical activity. They include Amphetamines,

Cocaine, Crack and some inhalants like Amyl or Butyl Nitrites. Caffeine (present intea, coffee and many soft drinks) is also a mild stimulant drug.

Which stimulants are abused?

The most widely abused stimulants are cocaine, crack (a pure form of cocaine) and

amphetamines. Cocaine has limited commercial use and its sale and possession are

strictly controlled. Nevertheless there is a huge worldwide illicit network for the

manufacture and supply of this drug in its various forms. Doctors sometimes

prescribe pharmaceutical amphetamines and their availability makes them

candidates for misuse but powdered amphetamine, manufactured in illicit

laboratories, is the most common type of amphetamine to be abused in the UK.

Inhalants such as amyl and butyl nitrates are legal at present. Because of their very

short action time - the effect lasts approximately 1-2 minutes - they are usually

only abused in certain settings, such as parties etc.

What do they look like?

Stimulants appear in many forms. Pharmaceutical amphetamines are usually

produced as pills or capsules, whereas street amphetamines come in the form of afine, white dull powder. Inhalants can be prescribed or purchased in small glass

vials which are crushed to release the vaporising fluid inside, or in small bottles.

Cocaine is a relatively fine, white crystalline powder. Crack is seen as cloudy white

crystals that are irregular and fairly large (pea-sized).

What are the effects of stimulants?

Different stimulants act on the body in different ways. For example, nitrate

inhalants cause the blood vessels to dilate (widen); cocaine and crack interfere with

normal levels of the neurotransmitter serotin; amphetamines cause the release of

adrenalin. Nevertheless, broadly speaking all these stimulants have a similar effect

in that they cause either mental and/or physical stimulation in the user. This may

be felt as apparent increased physical energy and/or apparent clarity and speed of

thought.


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A note on caffeine Caffeine is a mild stimulant that has the effect of making a

person feel more awake and alert. Tea, coffee and soft drinks are the three major

sources of caffeine, although it can also be purchased in tablet form. Each cup of

coffee can provide approximately between 65mg to 115mg of caffeine, a cup of tea

usually has about 60mg of caffeine in it and a soft drink contains between 30mg

and 60mg of caffeine. Too much caffeine can cause anxiousness, headaches, the

'jitters' and may prevent sleep. Caffeine is also addictive and a person who abruptly

stops drinking coffee may experience withdrawal symptoms.

Depressants

These are substances that slow down or depress the Central Nervous System.

Depressant drugs include alcohol, barbiturates and tranquillisers. It's worth

remembering that, although alcohol is a legal drug and can be purchased by anyperson over 18 years old, it can be a dangerous drug, particularly when abused.

Barbiturates and benzodiazepines are the two major categories of depressant drugs

used as medicines. Often these drugs are referred to as sleeping pills and

tranquillisers or sometimes just as sedatives. Some well-known barbiturates are

secobarbital (Seconal) and pentobarbital (Nembutal). Benzodiazepines commonly in

use are Diazepam (Valium), chlordiazepoxide (Librium) Nitrazepam (Mogodon) and

Temazepam.

Which depressants are abused?

Alcohol is by far the most commonly abused drug in the UK. Abuse generally takes

the form of under-age drinking, drinking in inappropriate situations, or drinking in

excess. Its easy availablity and social acceptability may have enhanced this state of

affairs. Although it is often perceived as a pleasant social drug (and for some

drinkers this is the case), many people become either psychologically or physically

dependent upon it.

Alcohol abuse is directly or indirectly responsible for many deaths through drunkendriving, accidents and illness. It is also a major contributing factor in most incidents

of domestic and other violence.

Barbiturates used to be common drugs of abuse in the 1950's and 1960's but

because of their addictive properties and association with suicides and accidental

deaths, their use as medicines has been reduced significantly since the 1970's. The


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illicit market in these drugs has become smaller because of their reduced

availablity.

Unfortunately, benzodiazepines - which were originally developed to provide a safe

alternative to barbiturates for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia - have nowbecome a major category of abused drugs. Vallium, Librium and Temazepam are

the most commonly abused tranquillisers and are often taken with alcohol as these

two types of drug amplify each others effect.


Depressants are usually manufactured as tablets or capsules, but some of these

drugs are also available in liquid form. Alcohol is legally available in a multitude of

forms.

What are the effects of depressants?

Their effects range from calming down anxious people to promoting sleep. Alcohol,

tranquilizers and sleeping pills can have either effect, depending on how much is

taken. At high doses or when they are abused, these type of drugs can cause

unconsciousness and death.

Regular use of all depressants over a long period of time can result in tolerance,

which means a person has to take larger and larger doses to get the same effects.

This includes alcohol. When regular users stop using large doses of these drugs

suddenly, they may develop physical withdrawal symptoms ranging from

restlessness, insomnia and anxiety, to convulsions and death.

Analgesics

Analgesics are substances that provides relief from pain. Mild analgesics, such as

the many brand-named preparations of aspirin or paracetemol, are relatively

harmless. Analgesic drugs of abuse are far stronger than this and are all powerful

pain killers. Some are refined from an extract obtained from opium poppies(Papaver somniferum) and are classed as "opiates" and some are produced by

chemical synthesis.

Opiates include Opium itself, which is the resin obtained from the seed pod of the

opium poppy, along with Morphine, Heroin and Codeine. These can all be produced

from raw opium by fairly simple chemical processing. Synthetic analgesics are


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manufactured as powders, tablets or liquids. They include Methadone (usually as a

syrup), Physeptone (a methadone tablet), Pethidine, Diconal and Palfium.

Which analgesics are abused?

Analgesics - particularly opiates - have a high potential for abuse. Heroin is the

most widely abused opiate analgesic but morphine, paregoric (which contains

opium) and cough syrups that contain codeine are also abused.

Many synthetic opiates are abused, usually by heroin users as an alternative to that

drug. Methadone - prescribed as an alternative to heroin - has been much abused

in recent years and is responsible for many deaths in the UK.

Diconal, Physeptone, Pethidine and palfium tablets are usually crushed up and

injected by drug abusers. These tablets contain solids such as chalk, which canblock veins when injected and lead to gangrene or a stroke. What do they look like?

Opium is a dark brown slightly sticky resin with the consistency of stiff putty and is

usually smoked or eaten. Heroin is a white or brownish powder which is usually

dissolved in water and then injected, although it can be smoked. Most street

preparations of heroin are diluted, or 'cut' with other substances such as lactose or

quinine.

Other analgesics, including all synthetics, come in a variety of forms including

capsules, tablets, syrups, solutions and suppositories.

What are the effects of analgesics?

Opiate and synthetic analgesics tend to relax the user. When they are injected, the

user feels an immediate 'rush' - that is a strong wave of pleasurable relaxation and

relief from anxiety. Unpleasant effects may include restlessness, nausea, and

vomiting. The user may go 'on the nod' - going back and forth from feeling alert to

drowsy. With large doses, the user cannot be awakened and the skin becomes cold,

moist and bluish in color. Breathing slows down and death may occur.

Where analgesics are taken as a syrup, tablets or capsules etc. the effects are

similar to that after injection but are milder and without any immediate 'rush'.

Hallucinogens


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Hallucinogens - or psychedelics - are drugs that affect a person's perception of

sights, sounds, touch, smell etc. Some of the stronger hallucenogenics can exert a

powerful effect on a drug users thinking and self-awareness.

A few hallucinogens come from natural sources, such as mescaline from the peyotecactus and psilocybin, which is the hallucinogenic agent in so-called magic

mushrooms. Others, such as LSD, MDA (methylenedioxyamphetamine) and Ecstasy

(methylenedioxymethamphetamine - or MDMA) are either entirely synthetic or

semi-synthetic. For example, LSD is derived from a fungus that grows on rye grains

but requires very substantial chemical processing to produce.

Which hallucinogens are abused?

Hallucinogens do not have any legal medicinal uses and are therefore all classed as

drugs of abuse. The most commonly seen are LSD, Ecstasy and psilocybin (magic

mushrooms). Other hallucinogenic substances such as mescaline and DMT are not

widely available in the illicit drug market of the UK.


Some of the naturally occuring hallucinogenic materials are most commonly seen

either in their natural state or after minimal processing, such as drying. This

includes all varieties of hallucinogenic fungi.

Where natural materials have been refined to a large degree, such as in the

production of mescaline,

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