The World

To learn more about the physical and humangeography of the world, view the World Regionsvideo Looking at the World.

World Regions VideoWorld Regions Video

U N I T 11The World

16 U n i t 1

WHY ITS IMPORTANTWHY ITS IMPORTANT

Entering the twenty-first century, the world is a much smaller place than it was at the time of your great-grandparents a hundred yearsago. Advances in technology, communication,and transportation are responsible for much ofthis change.They have narrowed vast distancesand made neighbors of the worlds people.TheInternet, for example, now puts you in immedi-ate touch with people in other parts of theworld. In the years to come, you and your generationhere and elsewherewill be chal-lenged to work together to use this and othertechnology to make the world a better place for everyone.

Skydivers in formation above patchwork fields, California

NGS ONLINEwww.nationalgeographic.com/education

U n i t 1 17

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/education

GeoJournalWrite a journal entry describing the part of the world in which you liveits physicalfeatures, plant and animal life, and people.Think about how your observations are similarto and different from the ways a geographerlooks at the world.

Chapter Overview Visit the Glencoe WorldGeography Web site at geography.glencoe.comand click on Chapter OverviewsChapter 1 topreview information about how geographerslook at the world.

http://geography.glencoe.com

ExploringGeography

A Geographic ViewEarths VarietyA small planet in a modest solarsystem, a tumbling pebble in thecosmic stream, and yet . . . [t]hishome is built of many mansions,carved by wind and the fall ofwater, lush with living thingsbeyond number, perfumed by saltspray and blossoms. Here coolin a cloak of mist or theresteaming under a brazen sun,Earths variety excites thesenses and exalts the soul.

Stuart Franklin, Celebrations ofEarth, National Geographic, January 2000

How would you describe the world around you?Would it be in terms of people, places, things, or all of these? Geog-raphy is the study of the earths physical features and the livingthingshumans, animals, and plantsthat inhabit the planet. Geog-raphy looks at where all of these elements are located and how theyrelate to one another. In this section you will gain an understandingof what geography is and why it is important to study it.

The Elements of Geography The root of the word geography is an ancient Greek word meaning

earth description. Geographers are specialists who describe theearths physical and human features and the interactions of people,places, and environments. They not only describe but also search forpatterns in these features and interactions, seeking to explain howand why they exist or occur. For example, geographers may studyvolcanoes and why they erupt, or they may analyze a citys location

Guide to ReadingConsider What You KnowThink about where your school islocated and the ways in which aplaces location can be described.How many different ways can youthink of to describe your schoolslocation to another person?

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read aboutplaces on Earth, create a web dia-gram similar to the one below bylisting three types of regions.

Read to Find Out What are the physical and human

features geographers study?

How do geographers describe theearths features and their patterns?

How is geography used?

Terms to Know location

absolute location

hemisphere

grid system

relative location

place

region

formal region

functional region

perceptual region

ecosystem

movement

human-environment interaction

Places to Locate Equator South Pole

North Pole Prime Meridian

C h a p t e r 1 19Mt. McKinley, Alaska,United States

Labrador coast, Canada

Types of Regions

20 U n i t 1

in relation to climate, landscape, and available trans-portation. In their work, geographers consider:

The world in spatial terms (location) Places and regions Physical systems Human systems Environment and society The uses of geography

The World in Spatial TermsSpatial relations refer to the links that places and

people have to one another because of their loca-tions. For geographers, location, or a specific placeon the earth, is a reference point in the same waythat dates are reference points for historians.

Absolute LocationOne way of locating a place is by describing

its absolute locationthe exact spot at which theplace is found on the globe. To determine absolutelocation, geographers use a network of imaginarylines around the earth. The Equator, the line cir-cling the earth midway between the North andSouth Poles, divides the earth into hemispheres,or two halves (Northern and Southern). The PrimeMeridian, the 0 north-south line that runs throughGreenwich, England, and the 180 north-south linerunning through the mid-Pacific Ocean also dividethe earth into hemispheres (Eastern and Western).

The Equator, the Prime Meridian (also called theMeridian of Greenwich), and other lines of latitudeand longitude cross one another to form a patterncalled a grid system. Using the grid, you can namethe absolute, or precise, location of any place onEarth. This location is generally stated in terms oflatitude, degrees north or south of the Equator, andlongitude, degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian. For example, Dallas, Texas, is located atlatitude 32N (north) and longitude 96W (west).

Relative LocationAlthough absolute location is useful, most peo-

ple locate a place in relation to other places, or byits relative location. For example, New Orleans islocated near the mouth of the Mississippi River.Knowing the relative location of a place helps youorient yourself in space and develop an awarenessof the world around you.

North PoleNorthernHemisphere

SouthernHemisphere

WesternHemisphere

EasternHemisphere

Equator

South Pole

PrimeMeridian

DIAGRAMSTUDY

The Hemispheres

1. Interpreting Diagrams What lines of latitudeand longitude divide the globe into hemispheres?

2. Applying Geography Skills In which hemi-spheres do you live?

C h a p t e r 1 21

Places and RegionsA place is a particular space with physical and

human meaning. Every place on Earth has its ownunique characteristics, determined by the surround-ing environment and the people who live there. Onetask of geographers is to understand and explain howplaces are similar to and different from one another. Tointerpret the earths complexity, geographers oftengroup places into regions, or areas united by specificfactors. The defining factors of a region may be phys-ical, such as soil type, vegetation, river systems, andclimate. A region may also have human factors that help define it. These may include language,religion, cultural traditions, forms of government, andtrade networks.

Geographers identify three types of regions: for-mal, functional, and perceptual. A formal, or uni-form, region is defined by a common characteristic,such as a product produced there. The Corn Beltthe Iowa-Illinois area in the United Statesis aformal region because corn is its major crop. A

South Pole South Pole South Pole

North Pole

Lines of Latitude

North Pole

Lines of Longitude

North Pole

The Global Grid

Tropic of Capricorn

Tropic of Cancer

Arctic Circle

Equator

180

E

40E

60E

80E

100

E

120

E

140

E

160

E

Tropic of Capricorn

Tropic of Cancer

Arctic Circle

Equator

DIAGRAM STUDY

The Global Grid

1. Interpreting Diagrams Between which lines of latitude is the Arctic Circle located?

functional region is a central place and the sur-rounding area linked to it, for example, by a high-way system. Metropolitan areas such as Los Angelesand Tokyo are functional regions. A perceptualregion is defined by popular feelings and imagesrather than by objective data. For, example, the termheartland refers to a central area in which tradi-tional values are believed to predominate.

Physical SystemsIn their work geographers analyze how certain

natural phenomena, such as volcanoes, hurricanes,and floods, shape the earths surface. The earthssystems are endlessly fascinating.

Every astronaut loves to take pictures ofthe Earth. To me, thats the best part offlying in space.Rick Searfoss, quoted in Geographica,National Geographic, November 1996

2. Applying Geography Skills Approximate theabsolute location of the state of Florida. Explainhow you determined the answer.

22 U n i t 1

Geographers look at how physical features inter-act with plant and animal life to create, support, orchange ecosystems. An ecosystem is a communityof plants and animals that depend upon oneanother, and their surroundings, for survival.

Human SystemsGeographers also examine how people shape the

worldhow they settle the earth, form societies, andcreate permanent features. A recurring theme in geo-graphy is the ongoing movement of people, goods,and ideas. For example, migrants entering a long-established society usually bring different ideas andpractices that may transform that societys traditionalculture. In studying human systems, geographers alsolook at how people compete or cooperate to changeor control aspects of the earth to meet their needs.

Environment and SocietyHuman-environment interaction, or the study of

the interrelationship between people and theirphysical environment, is another theme of geogra-phy. Geographers examine the ways people usetheir environment, how and why they havechanged it, and what consequences result fromthese changes. In some cases the physical environ-

Checking for Understanding1. Define location, absolute location,

hemisphere, grid system, relativelocation, place, region, formalregion, functional region, percep-tual region, ecosystem, movement,human-environment interaction.

2. Main Ideas In a web diagram, listsix elements in the study of geog-raphy (hint: use the headings inthis section). Then explain howeach is applied.

Critical Thinking3. Categorizing Information Con-

sider the physical and human factors that constitute a region. Identify the differences amongformal, functional, and perceptualregions.

4. Drawing Conclusions How mightgeographers knowledge of humansystems benefit people?

5. Making Generalizations Explainhow knowing about the geogra-phy of a particular city mightinfluence your decision to movethere.

Analyzing Diagrams6. Location Study the diagram of

the hemispheres on page 20. In which hemispheres is Africalocated?

7. Relative Location Write aparagraph that describesthe relative location of yourschool in at least five ways.In what instances might rel-ative location be more use-ful than absolute location? In what instances mightabsolute location be moreuseful?

Applying Geography

ment affects human activities. For example, moun-tains and deserts often pose barriers to humanmovement. In other instances human activities,such as building a dam, cause changes in the phys-ical environment. By understanding how theearths physical features and processes shape andare shaped by human activity, geographers helpsocieties make informed decisions.

The Uses of GeographyGeography can provide insight into how physi-

cal features and living things developed in thepast. It can also interpret present-day trends toplan for future needs. Governments, businesses,and individuals use geographic information inplanning and decision making. Data on physicalfeatures and processes can determine whether asite is suitable for human habitation or hasresources worth developing. Geographic informa-tion on human activities, such as populationtrends, can help planners decide whether to buildnew schools or highways in a particular place.Geographic information helps determine where tolocate fire stations and shopping malls. As geogra-phers learn more about the relationships amongpeople, places, and the environment, their knowl-edge can help us plan and build a better future.

Elements of Geography

C h a p t e r 1 23

Guide to ReadingConsider What You KnowPeople use different types of mapswhen they need to move from placeto place or learn where something islocated. What kinds of maps haveyou used and for what purposes?

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about thework of geographers, complete agraphic organizer similar to the onebelow by listing the specializedresearch methods geographers use.

Read to Find Out What are the major branches of

geography and the topics eachbranch studies?

What research methods do geog-raphers use at work?

How is geography related to othersubject areas?

What kinds of geographic careersare available today?

Terms to Know physical geography

human geography

meteorology

cartography

geographic information systems (GIS)

The GeographersCraft

A Geographic ViewThe Power of MapsGuyana [in 1966] . . . agreed to giveIndians title to lands traditionallyrecognized as theirs. But in 1982 a tally of village lands using out-of-date maps reduced Indianholdings to a few fragments. . . .Local Earth Observation turnedIndian villagers into digitalmappers. Armed with handheld[GPS] . . . units that determinelocation using satellites, vil-lagers named and locatedmore than 4,000 . . . territoriallandmarks. The data they collected werecombined with drainage patterns to produce a large-scale map. . . . [T]he power of maps that merge ancient knowledge and modern technology has vastly strengthened their case.

Allen Carroll, CartoGraphic, National Geographic, March 2000

Geography is more than just learning place names. Italso has practical usesin the example above, using a global posi-tioning system, or GPS, to settle a land dispute. In this section you willexplore the ways in which geographic information applies to real-lifesituations and learn how different types of geographers study the earth.

Branches of GeographyGeography is a discipline that covers a broad range of topics. To make

their work easier, geographers divide their subject area into differentbranches. Two major branches are physical geography and human

Mapping Guyana with GPS

ResearchMethods

24 U n i t 1

geography. Physical geographyfocuses on the study of the earthsphysical features. It looks at cli-mate, land, water, plants, and ani-mal life in terms of their relationships to oneanother and to humans. Human geography, orcultural geography, is the study of human activi-ties and their relationship to the cultural and phys-ical environments. It concentrates on political,economic, and cultural factors, such as populationdensity, urban development, economic produc-tion, and ethnicity.

Physical geography and human geography arefurther divided into smaller subject areas. Exam-ples are meteorology, the study of weather andweather forecasting, and historical geography, thestudy of places and human activities over timeand the various geographic factors that haveshaped them.

Geographers at WorkGeographers use specialized research methods

in their work. These methods include direct obser-vation, mapping, interviewing, statistics, and theuse of technology.

Direct ObservationGeographers use direct observation in studying

the earth and the patterns of human activities that take place on its surface. They will often visit aregion to gather specific information about theregion and its geographic features. Geographersalso employ remote sensing to study the earth, usingaerial photographs and satellite images. For exam-ple, geographers may use aerial photographs orsatellite images to locate mineral deposits or todetermine the size of freshwater sources. They alsomight observe a forest that has been damaged by airpollution.

MappingMaking and using maps are basic activities of

geographers. Geographic specialists who makeand design maps are known as cartographers;their area of work, known as cartography, involvesstudying and making maps.

Many geographic research findings can beshown on maps better than they can be explained

New Orleans,Louisiana Using aerial photography, geographers can examinehow large cities affect the physical environment.

Place How would you describe New Orleans based on the featuresshown in this photograph?

C h a p t e r 1 25

in written text. Cartographers select complicatedpieces of information about an area and presentthem in a more understandable form on a map. Inthis way they easily can show the location, fea-tures, patterns, and relationships of people, places,and things. In addition, maps allow a visual com-parison between places and regions. For example,a geographer might compare population densitymaps of two counties in order to determine whereto build new schools.

InterviewingTo answer a geographic question, geographers

often must go beyond mere observation. In manycases geographers want to find out how peoplethink or feel about certain places. They also maywant to examine the ways in which peoplesbeliefs and attitudes have led to changes in thephysical environment. This kind of information isobtained by interviewing. Geographers choose aparticular group of people for study. Instead ofcontacting everyone in that group, however, geog-raphers talk to a carefully chosen sample whoseanswers represent the whole group.

StatisticsSome of the information that geographers use is

numerical. Temperature and rainfall data point to aregions climate, for example. Geographers usecomputers to organize this information and presentit in clear, understandable ways. They also analyzethe data to find patterns and trends. For example,census data can be studied to learn about rates ofpopulation growth; the age, ethnic, and gendermakeup of the population; and income levels. Afteridentifying these patterns and trends, geographersuse statistical tests to see whether their ideas arevalid.

TechnologyGeographers often use scientific instruments in

their work. They especially depend on advancedtechnological tools, such as satellites and comput-ers. Satellites orbiting the earth carry remote sen-sors, high-tech cameras, and radar that gather dataand images related to the earths environment,weather, human settlement patterns, and vegeta-tion. Geographic information systems (GIS) arecomputer tools that process and organize data and

satellite images with other pieces of informationgathered by geographers and other scientists. GIStechnology is valuable to urban planners, retailers,and local government officials who use this tech-nology to help them determine where to buildroads, stores, and parks.

The development of computer technology has alsotransformed the process of mapmaking. AllenCarroll, chief cartographer of the National Geo-graphic Society, describes the changes in cartographyas revolutions in mapping. Technology has created

. . . computers that store vast archives ofmap data and render lines with super-human precision, software programs thatturn maps into analytical tools, satelliteimagery that combines photographicbeauty with cartographic precision, globalelectronic networks that enable maps tostream across our ever shrinking globe.Allen Carroll, National Geographic Atlas of the World, 1999

Indonesian Surveyors These surveyors are helping plan a road in Borneo, Indonesia.

Human-Environment Interaction How do geographers play a part in our everyday lives?

Geographers study political science to helpthem see how people in different places are gov-erned. They look at how political boundaries haveformed and how they have been changed. Geog-raphers are interested in how the natural environ-ment has influenced political decisions and howgovernments change natural environments. Forexample, the Egyptian government, helped byfinancing from abroad, built the massive

26 U n i t 1

Today, most cartographersrely on computers and com-puter software to make maps.Each type of data on a map iskept as a separate layer inthe maps digital files. Thismethod allows cartographersto make and change mapsmore quickly and easily.

Geography and OtherDisciplines

Geographers study boththe physical and human fea-tures of the earth and alsoanalyze the patterns andrelationships among geogra-phy and other disciplines.Studying subjects such ashistory, government, sociol-ogy, and economics helpsgeographers to understandhow each of these subjectsaffects and is affected bygeography.

History andGovernment

Geographers use historyto help them understandwhat places looked like inthe past. For example, geog-raphers might want to knowhow Boston, Massachusetts,looked during the colonialyears. They might also wishto look at the changes thathave occurred in Bostonover the past two centuries. Geographers maybegin by gathering information about time periodsin the citys history. This information could beused to answer such geographic questions as:How have human activities changed the naturalvegetation in the area? Are the waterways differ-ent than they were in the past? Answers to thesequestions can help people make better decisionsand plans for the future.

Jobs in Geography

CHART STUDY

1. Interpreting Charts What does a human geographer study?

2. Applying Geography Skills How might human geographers studyingthe effects of population growth gather information for their research?

GeographyField Description Applications/Careers

Physical Studies Earths features Forecasting weather, Geographer and the geographic tracing causes and

forces shaping them effects of pollution, conserving wilderness areas

Human Analyzes human Developing cultural Geographer aspects of culture policies for interna-

population, language, tional organizations, ethnicity, religion, such as the United government Nations

Economic Examines human Urban planning, focus-Geographer economic activities ing on the location of

and their relationship industries or transpor-to the environment tation routes

Regional Studies geographic Assisting government Geographer features of a particular and business in making

place or region decisions related to a region

Environmental Focuses on the two-way Advising government Specialist interaction between and business on ways

humans and the physical of protecting the environment environment

Geographic Teaches about Teaching geography at Educator geography all educational levels;

serving as consultant to business and government

Aswan High Dam on the Nile River. The dam altered the surface of the earth in profound waysand so has had an impact on the regions people.

CultureHuman geographers use the tools of sociology

and anthropology to understand the culture of soci-eties throughout the world. They study the relation-ships between the physical environment and socialstructures. They examine peoples ways of life in dif-ferent parts of the world. Human geographers alsoseek to understand how the activities of differentgroups affect their physical environments and howthe environment affects culture groups differently.

EconomicsGeographers use economics to help them

understand how the locations of resources affectthe ways people make, transport, and use goods,and how and where services are provided.

Geographers are interested in how locations arechosen for various economic activities, such as farm-ing, mining, manufacturing, and selling. A desirablelocation usually includes plentiful resources andgood transportation routes. Geographers are alsointerested in the interdependence of peoples eco-nomic activities throughout the world. New devel-opments in communications and transportationmake the movement of information and goodsfaster and more efficient than ever before. A busi-ness can operate globally without depending on anyone specific place to fill all of its needs.

Geography as a CareerAlthough people trained in geography are in

great demand in the workforce, many of them donot have geographer as a job title. Geography skillsare useful in so many different situations that geo-graphers have more than a hundred different jobtitles. Geographers often combine the study ofgeography with other areas of study. For example,a salesperson must know the geographic character-istics of the region in which he or she is sellingproducts. Also, a travel agent must have someknowledge of other places in order to plan trips forclients. Still, as the chart on page 26 shows, becausegeography itself has many specialized fields, thereare many different kinds of geographers.

C h a p t e r 1 27

Checking for Understanding1. Define physical geography,

human geography, meteorology,cartography, geographicinformation systems (GIS).

2. Main Ideas Copy the table belowon your paper, and fill in the waysgeographers study the earth anduse geography.

Critical Thinking3. Predicting Consequences What

might happen if an economic geo-grapher did not interview citizenswhen preparing a city transporta-tion plan?

4. Making Inferences What kinds of geographers might be employedby a manufacturing company?

5. Making Generalizations How does the study of other disciplineshelp geographers in their workas countries become increasinglyinterdependent?

Analyzing Maps6. Place Study the map of the United

States in the Reference Atlas onpages RA6RA7. What kinds ofinformation can you learn fromthis map? How does the informa-tion on this map differ from themap on pages RA8RA9?

7. Research Methods As ageographer working on aplan for a new communitycenter, what researchmethods would you use?Explain your choices in aparagraph.

Applying Geography

Student Web Activity Visit the Glencoe World GeographyWeb site at geography.glencoe.com and click on Student WebActivitiesChapter 1 for an activity about careers in geography.

Geography Branches

Geography Methods

Other Disciplines

Jobs in Geography

http://geography.glencoe.com

Understanding GraphsGraphs are visual representations of statistical data. Largeamounts of information can be condensed when presented ingraphs. Studying graphs allows readers to see relationships clearly.

28 U n i t 1

U. S. Population Change Due to Migration

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

50

40

30

20

10

0

Perc

ent

Ch

ange

U.S. Immigrants by Region of Origin (%)

1900s

1910s

1920s

1930s

1940s

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

Other 11%

Decade

Asia 11%

Other 5%

Europe40%

Europe13%

LatinAmerica

38%Latin

America52%Asia 30%

1960-1969 1990-1997

Source: United Nations Population Division, 2000

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000

Source: U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1999

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Pop

ula

tio

n (b

illio

ns)

World Population Projections

Low7.9

Medium9.3

High10.9

Year

Learning the SkillThe three main types of graphs present numeri-

cal information. Line graphs record changes in dataover time. The vertical axis (y-axis) shows units ofmeasurement, and the horizontal axis (x-axis) showsintervals of time. Bar graphs use bars of differentlengths to compare different quantities. Circlegraphs show the relationship of parts to a whole aspercentages. To understand a graph:

Read the graph title to identify the subject.

Study the labels to understand the numericalinformation presented.

Study the information presented and the useof colors and patterns.

Compare the lines, bars, or segments, and lookfor relationships in order to draw conclusions.

Practicing the SkillStudy the graphs to answer these questions.

1. Line graph What is the difference in popula-tion between the low and high projections?

2. Bar graph In which decade did migration causethe least change in population?

3. Circle graph What percent of immigrants to theUnited States in the 1990s came from Europe?

4. What general population trends do the threegraphs show?

Take a poll of your classmates about a geographi-cal topic. Design and draw a graph using the data.Consider geographic features, distributions, andrelationships.

The Glencoe Skillbuilder Interactive Workbook,Level 2 provides instruction and practice in key social studies skills.

C h a p t e r 1 29

Key Points Geographers study the earths physical and

human features and their interrelationships.

Geographers use absolute and relative locationsas reference points.

Geographers identify three types of regionsformal, functional, and perceptual.

Geography contributes knowledge about therelationships among human activities, theearths physical systems, and the environmentin order to develop a better future.

Organizing Your NotesCreate an outline using the for-mat below to help you organizeinformation about how geogra-phers study the earth.

Terms to Know physical geography human geography meteorology cartography geographic

information systems (GIS)

Key Points Geographers use special research skills, such

as direct observation, mapping, interviewing,statistics, and technology.

Studying other social sciences helps geogra-phers analyze the patterns and relationshipsamong these different fields.

Geographers can specialize and may work in government, business, science, planning, or education.

Organizing Your NotesUse a graphic organizer like the one below tohelp you organize your notes for this section.

Terms to Know location absolute location hemisphere grid system relative location place region formal region functional region perceptual region ecosystem movement human-environment

interaction

SECTION 1 Exploring Geography (pp. 1922)

SECTION 2 The Geographers Craft (pp. 2327)

SUMMARY & STUDY GUIDE

I. Elements of GeographyA. World in spatial terms

1. Absolute location

The Geographers Craft

MethodsBranches Other Fields

Exploring Geography

A scientist uses a global positioning system.

Critical Thinking1. Summarizing the Main Idea How do

geographers use the elements of geographyto study the earth?

2. Making Inferences What subjects mightyou study in order to become an urban plan-ner? Explain.

3. Predicting Consequences Consider themany ways that technology has affected theway people live and work. Then imagine thatyou have become a geographer of the future.How do you think technology will change theway you work?

4. Categorizing Information Use a web dia-gram like the one below to show five methodsof geographic research.

Reviewing Key TermsWrite the key term that best completes each of thefollowing sentences. Refer to the Terms to Know inthe Summary & Study Guide on page 29.

1. Plants and animals depend on one another ina(n) __________.

2. Geographers use a(n) __________ formed bylines of latitude and longitude to determine__________.

3. __________ is the study of the human aspectsof geography.

4. A(n) __________ has boundaries determinedby a common characteristic.

5. Another name for mapmaking is __________.6. _______ is expressed in relation to other

places.

7. Computer tools that process data and satel-lite images with other pieces of geographicinformation are called __________.

8. __________ focuses on the studyof the earths physical features.

Reviewing FactsSECTION 1

1. How do geographers determinethe locations of places?

2. What are the three types ofregions identified by geogra-phers?

3. Why do geographers studyhuman systems and human-environment relationships?

4. What are two ways that everyplace on the earth can belocated?

SECTION 25. How do physical and human

geography differ?

6. What research methods dogeographers use?

7. What other subjects do geogra-phers study?

Locating PlacesThe World: Physical Geography

Match the letters on the map with the places and physical features of the earth.

Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

1. North America2. South America3. Africa4. Asia

5. Europe6. Antarctica7. Australia

8. Atlantic Ocean9. Indian Ocean

10. Pacific Ocean

A

B C

D

E

F

G

H

I

JJ

0

60E60W 120E120W 0

30N

30S

60S

60N

EQUATOR

TROPIC OFCANCER

TROPIC OFCAPRICORN

Winkel Tripel projection2,000

2,0000

0

mi.

km

N

ASSESSMENT & ACTIVITIES

30 U n i t 1

GeographersMethods

C h a p t e r 1 31

Study the information shown on thecircle graph for the areas of the earthcovered by land and by oceans. Then

compare the relative sizes of the different graph seg-ments. By comparing the segments you will be ableto determine the correct answers.

Thinking Like a GeographerImagine that you are an urban planner. Whatkinds of data might you want to assemble inorder to plan a location for a new school? Whatmethods would you use to collect the data? Howwould you use the data to determine the locationfor the school?

Problem-Solving ActivityContemporary Issues Case Study Look atnewspapers and magazines to identify one of thefollowing issues:

a local issue that involves land use. a local issue that involves economic

development. a national issue that involves water resources.

Choose one issue, and research to learn moreabout its history, the various points of view sur-rounding the issue, and the final outcome. Usethis information to prepare an outline. Then writean essay describing the influence of physical andhuman geography on the issue.

GeoJournalDescriptive Writing Refer to the entry youwrote in your GeoJournal and the information inthis chapter. Then imagine you are a physicalgeographer and write a paragraph describinganother part of the earths surface. For example, ifyou live in a plains area, describe how the geog-raphy of the mountains or the seashore would bedifferent from your location. Include as many con-crete details as you can to describe the physicaland human geography of the place you chose.

Technology ActivityUsing the Internet for Research

Search the Internet for Web sites that provideinformation about geography to the public. Spon-sors may include government agencies, scientificorganizations, or special-interest magazines. Pre-pare a list of the five best sites, write a brief descrip-tion of the kinds of information each one contains,and explain why you included it.

Use the circle graph below and your knowl-edge of geography to answer questions 1 and 2.

1. Which ocean covers the smallest area ofthe earths surface?

A Atlantic C PacificB Indian D Arctic

2. Which ocean covers about as much ofthe earths surface as land does?

F Indian H ArcticG Pacific J Atlantic

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Land29.1% of Earths surface

Water70.9% of Earths surface

EARTHS LAND AND WATER

4

1

3 2

1 Pacific Ocean 64,169,000 sq. mi. (166,241,000 sq. km)2 Atlantic Ocean 33,411,00 sq. mi. (86,557,000 sq. km)3 Indian Ocean 28,342,800 sq. mi. (73,427,000 sq. km)4 Arctic Ocean 3,661,200 sq. mi. (9,485,000 sq. km)

Self-Check Quiz Visit the Glencoe WorldGeography Web site at geography.glencoe.comand click on Self-Check QuizzesChapter 1 toprepare for the Chapter Test.

Standardized Test Practice

http://geography.glencoe.com

Glencoe World GeographyTable of ContentsGeography Skills for LifeReading for InformationNational Geographic Reference AtlasWorld: PhysicalWorld: PoliticalUnited States: PhysicalUnited States: PoliticalCanada: Physical/PoliticalMiddle America: Physical/PoliticalNorth America: PhysicalNorth America: PoliticalSouth America: PhysicalSouth America: PoliticalAfrica: PhysicalAfrica: PoliticalEurope: PhysicalEurope: PoliticalAsia: PhysicalAsia: PoliticalOceania: Physical/PoliticalPacific Rim: Physical/PoliticalOcean FloorWorld Land UseWorld Gross Domestic Product CartogramWorld Population CartogramArctic Ocean: PhysicalAntarctica: Physical

National Geographic Geography Skills HandbookThinking Like a GeographerFrom Globes to MapsCommon Map ProjectionsReading a MapTypes of MapsGraphs, Charts, and DiagramsGeographic Dictionary

Unit 1: The WorldChapter 1: How Geographers Look at the WorldSection 1: Exploring GeographySection 2: The Geographer's CraftChapter 1 Summary & Study GuideChapter 1 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 2: The EarthSection 1: Planet EarthSection 2: Forces of ChangeNational Geographic Viewpoint: A Global Concern: Invasive SpeciesSection 3: Earth's WaterChapter 2 Summary & Study GuideChapter 2 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 3: Climates of the EarthSection 1: Earth-Sun RelationshipsSection 2: Factors Affecting ClimateSection 3: World Climate PatternsChapter 3 Summary & Study GuideChapter 3 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 4: The Human WorldSection 1: World PopulationSection 2: Global CulturesSection 3: Political and Economic SystemsSection 4: Resources, Trade, and the EnvironmentChapter 4 Summary & Study GuideChapter 4 Assessment & Activities

Unit 2: The United States and CanadaNational Geographic: Regional AtlasWhat Makes the United States and Canada a Region?Country ProfilesGlobal Connection: Ice Hockey!

Chapter 5: The Physical Geography of the United States and CanadaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and VegetationChapter 5 Summary & Study GuideChapter 5 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 6: The Cultural Geography of the United States and CanadaSection 1: Population PatternsNational Geographic Geography and History: Give-and-Take Across the BorderSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and LifestylesChapter 6 Summary & Study GuideChapter 6 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 7: The United States and Canada TodaySection 1: Living in the United States and CanadaSection 2: People and Their EnvironmentNational Geographic Viewpoint: United States's Wetlands: Under SiegeChapter 7 Summary & Study GuideChapter 7 Assessment & Activities

Unit 3: Latin AmericaNational Geographic: Regional AtlasWhat Makes Latin America a Region?Country ProfilesGlobal Connection: Food Crops

Chapter 8: The Physical Geography of Latin AmericaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and VegetationChapter 8 Summary & Study GuideChapter 8 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 9: The Cultural Geography of Latin AmericaSection 1: Population PatternsNational Geographic Geography and History: Passage Through PanamaSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and LifestylesChapter 9 Summary & Study GuideChapter 9 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 10: Latin America TodaySection 1: Living in Latin AmericaSection 2: People and Their EnvironmentNational Geographic Viewpoint: Brazil's Rain Forests: Biodiversity at RiskChapter 10 Summary & Study GuideChapter 10 Assessment & Activities

Unit 4: EuropeNational Geographic: Regional AtlasWhat Makes Europe a Region?Country ProfilesGlobal Connection: Architecture

Chapter 11: The Physical Geography of EuropeSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and VegetationChapter 11 Summary & Study GuideChapter 11 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 12: The Cultural Geography of EuropeSection 1: Population PatternsNational Geographic Geography and History: Yugoslavia: Then and NowSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and LifestylesChapter 12 Summary & Study GuideChapter 12 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 13: Europe TodaySection 1: Living in EuropeSection 2: People and Their EnvironmentNational Geographic Viewpoint: Germany's Forests: In the Path of Acid RainChapter 13 Summary & Study GuideChapter 13 Assessment & Activities

Unit 5: RussiaNational Geographic: Regional AtlasWhat Makes Russia a Region?Country ProfilesGlobal Connection: Nutcracker

Chapter 14: The Physical Geography of RussiaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and VegetationChapter 14 Summary & Study GuideChapter 14 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 15: The Cultural Geography of RussiaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentNational Geographic Geography and History: Russia's Iron RoadSection 3: Cultures and LifestylesChapter 15 Summary & Study GuideChapter 15 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 16: Russia TodaySection 1: Living in RussiaNational Geographic Viewpoint: Russia's Supertrawlers: Factories at SeaSection 2: People and Their EnvironmentChapter 16 Summary & Study GuideChapter 16 Assessment & Activities

Unit 6: North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central AsiaNational Geographic: Regional AtlasWhat Makes North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia a Region?Country ProfilesGlobal Connection: Religions

Chapter 17: The Physical Geography of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central AsiaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and VegetationChapter 17 Summary & Study GuideChapter 17 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 18: The Cultural Geography of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central AsiaSection 1: Population PatternsNational Geographic Geography and History: Black Gold in the Persian GulfSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and LifestylesChapter 18 Summary & Study GuideChapter 18 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 19: North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia TodaySection 1: Living in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central AsiaSection 2: People and Their EnvironmentNational Geographic Viewpoint: Turkey's Atatrk Dam: Diverting a River's FlowChapter 19 Summary & Study GuideChapter 19 Assessment & Activities

Unit 7: Africa South of the SaharaNational Geographic: Regional AtlasWhat Makes Africa South of the Sahara a Region?Country ProfilesGlobal Connection: Roots of Jazz

Chapter 20: The Physical Geography of Africa South of the SaharaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and VegetationChapter 20 Summary & Study GuideChapter 20 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 21: The Cultural Geography of Africa South of the SaharaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and LifestylesNational Geographic Geography and History: Conflict in Central Africa: Hutu versus TutsiChapter 21 Summary & Study GuideChapter 21 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 22: Africa South of the Sahara TodaySection 1: Living in Africa South of the SaharaSection 2: People and Their EnvironmentNational Geographic Viewpoint: Southern Africa's Dilemma: Renew the Ivory Trade?Chapter 22 Summary & Study GuideChapter 22 Assessment & Activities

Unit 8: South AsiaNational Geographic: Regional AtlasWhat Makes South Asia a Region?Country ProfilesGlobal Connection: Textiles

Chapter 23: The Physical Geography of South AsiaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and VegetationChapter 23 Summary & Study GuideChapter 23 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 24: The Cultural Geography of South AsiaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentNational Geographic Geography and History: Mountain Madness: Struggle for KashmirSection 3: Cultures and LifestylesChapter 24 Summary & Study GuideChapter 24 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 25: South Asia TodaySection 1: Living in South AsiaSection 2: People and Their EnvironmentNational Geographic Viewpoint: India's Green Revolution: Success or Failure?Chapter 25 Summary & Study GuideChapter 25 Assessment & Activities

Unit 9: East AsiaNational Geographic: Regional AtlasWhat Makes East Asia a Region?Country ProfilesGlobal Connection: Electronics

Chapter 26: The Physical Geography of East AsiaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and VegetationChapter 26 Summary & Study GuideChapter 26 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 27: The Cultural Geography of East AsiaSection 1: Population PatternsNational Geographic Geography and History: A Tale of Two ChinasSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and LifestylesChapter 27 Summary & Study GuideChapter 27 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 28: East Asia TodaySection 1: Living in East AsiaSection 2: People and Their EnvironmentNational Geographic Viewpoint: China's Three Gorges: Before the FloodChapter 28 Summary & Study GuideChapter 28 Assessment & Activities

Unit 10: Southeast AsiaNational Geographic: Regional AtlasWhat Makes Southeast Asia a Region?Country ProfilesGlobal Connection: Cuisine

Chapter 29: The Physical Geography of Southeast AsiaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and VegetationChapter 29 Summary & Study GuideChapter 29 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 30: The Cultural Geography of Southeast AsiaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentNational Geographic Geography and History: The Long War: America in VietnamSection 3: Cultures and LifestylesChapter 30 Summary & Study GuideChapter 30 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 31: Southeast Asia TodaySection 1: Living in Southeast AsiaSection 2: People and Their EnvironmentNational Geographic Viewpoint: Southeast Asia's Reefs: Coral in PerilChapter 31 Summary & Study GuideChapter 31 Assessment & Activities

Unit 11: Australia, Oceania, and AntarcticaNational Geographic: Regional AtlasWhat Makes Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica a Region?Country ProfileGlobal Connection: Eucalyptus

Chapter 32: The Physical Geography of Australia, Oceania, and AntarcticaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and VegetationChapter 32 Summary & Study GuideChapter 32 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 33: The Cultural Geography of Australia, Oceania, and AntarcticaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentNational Geographic Geography and History: Journey to the Bottom of the WorldSection 3: Cultures and LifestylesChapter 33 Summary & Study GuideChapter 33 Assessment & Activities

Chapter 34: Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica TodaySection 1: Living in Australia, Oceania, and AntarcticaSection 2: People and Their EnvironmentNational Geographic Viewpoint: Antarctica's Melting Ice: Is Global Warming at Fault?Chapter 34 Summary & Study GuideChapter 34 Assessment & Activities

AppendixHonoring AmericaGlossaryGazetteerSpanish GlossaryIndexAcknowledgments

Feature ContentsNational Geographic Global ConnectionNational Geographic Geography and HistoryNational Geographic Viewpoint: Case Study on the EnvironmentSkillBuilderMap & Graph SkillBuilderCritical Thinking SkillBuilderTechnology SkillBuilderStudy & Writing SkillBuilder

Geography Lab ActivitiesWorld CultureMapsGraphs, Charts, and DiagramsPrimary Sources

Student WorkbooksActive Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student EditionChapter 1: How Geographers Look at the WorldSection 1: Exploring GeographySection 2: The Geographer's Craft

Chapter 2: The EarthSection 1: Planet EarthSection 2: Forces of ChangeSection 3: Earth's Water

Chapter 3: Climates of the EarthSection 1: Earth-Sun RelationshipsSection 2: Factors Affecting ClimateSection 3: World Climate Patterns

Chapter 4: The Human WorldSection 1: World PopulationSection 2: Global CulturesSection 3: Political and Economic SystemsSection 4: Resources, Trade, and the Environment

Chapter 5: The Physical Geography of the United States and CanadaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 6: The Cultural Geography of the United States and CanadaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 7: The United States and Canada TodaySection 1: Living in the United States and CanadaSection 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter 8: The Physical Geography of Latin AmericaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 9: The Cultural Geography of Latin AmericaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 10: Latin America TodaySection 1: Living in Latin AmericaSection 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter 11: The Physical Geography of EuropeSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 12: The Cultural Geography of EuropeSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 13: Europe TodaySection 1: Living in EuropeSection 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter 14: The Physical Geography of RussiaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 15: The Cultural Geography of RussiaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 16: Russia TodaySection 1: Living in RussiaSection 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter 17: The Physical Geography of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central AsiaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 18: The Cultural Geography of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central AsiaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 19: North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia TodaySection 1: Living in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central AsiaSection 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter 20: The Physical Geography of Africa South of the SaharaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 21: The Cultural Geography of Africa South of the SaharaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 22: Africa South of the Sahara TodaySection 1: Living in Africa South of the SaharaSection 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter 23: The Physical Geography of South AsiaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 24: The Cultural Geography of South AsiaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 25: South Asia TodaySection 1: Living in South AsiaSection 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter 26: The Physical Geography of East AsiaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 27: The Cultural Geography of East AsiaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 28: East Asia TodaySection 1: Living in East AsiaSection 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter 29: The Physical Geography of Southeast AsiaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 30: The Cultural Geography of Southeast AsiaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 31: Southeast Asia TodaySection 1: Living in Southeast AsiaSection 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter 32: The Physical Geography of Australia, Oceania, and AntarcticaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 33: The Cultural Geography of Australia, Oceania, and AntarcticaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 34: Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica TodaySection 1: Living in Australia, Oceania, and AntarcticaSection 2: People and Their Environment

Haitian Creole SummariesChapit 1: Kouman Jeyograf yo Obsve Monn lanChapit 2: LatChapit 3: Klima LatChapit 4: Monn ImenChapit 5: Jeyografi Fizik Etazini ak KanadaChapit 6: Jeyografi Kiltirl Etazini ak KanadaChapit 7: Etazini ak Kanada Jodi aChapit 8: Jeyografi Fizik Amerik LatinChapit 9: Jeyografi Kiltirl Amerik LatinChapit 10: Amerik Latin Jodi aChapit 11: Jeyografi Fizik LewpChapit 12: Jeyografi Kiltirl LewpChapit 13: Lewp Jodi aChapit 14: Jeyografi Fizik LarisiChapit 15: Jeyografi Kiltirl LarisiChapit 16: Larisi Jodi aChapit 17: Jeyografi Fizik Amerik-di-N, Azi-di-Sidws ak Azi SantralChapit 18: Jeyografi Kiltirl Amerik-di-N, Azi-di-Sidws ak Azi SantralChapit 19: Amerik-di-N, Azi-di-Sidws ak Azi Santral Jodi aChapit 20: Jeyografi Fizik Afrik Sid SaharaChapit 21: Jeyografi Kiltirl Afrik Sid SaharaChapit 22: Afrik Sid Sahara Jodi aChapit 23: Jeyografi Fizik Azi-di-SidChapit 24: Jeyografi Kiltirl Azi-di-SidChapit 25: Azi-di-Sid Jodi aChapit 26: Jeyografi Fizik Azi-de-LsChapit 27: Jeyografi Kiltirl Azi-de-LsChapit 28: Azi-de-Ls Jodi aChapit 29: Jeyografi Fizik Azi-di-SidsChapit 30: Jeyografi Kiltirl Azi-di-SidsChapit 31: Azi-di-SidsChapit 32: Jeyografi Fizik Ostrali, Oseyani ak AntaktikChapit 33: Jeyografi Kiltirl Ostrali, Oseyani ak AntaktikChapit 34: Ostrali, Oseyani ak Antaktik Jodi a

Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student EditionChapter 1: How Geographers Look at the WorldSection 1: Exploring GeographySection 2: The Geographer's Craft

Chapter 2: The EarthSection 1: Planet EarthSection 2: Forces of ChangeSection 3: Earth's Water

Chapter 3: Climates of the EarthSection 1: Earth-Sun RelationshipsSection 2: Factors Affecting ClimateSection 3: World Climate Patterns

Chapter 4: The Human WorldSection 1: World PopulationSection 2: Global CulturesSection 3: Political and Economic SystemsSection 4: Resources, Trade, and the Environment

Chapter 5: The Physical Geography of the United States and CanadaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 6: The Cultural Geography of the United States and CanadaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 7: The United States and Canada TodaySection 1: Living in the United States and CanadaSection 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter 8: The Physical Geography of Latin AmericaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 9: The Cultural Geography of Latin AmericaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 10: Latin America TodaySection 1: Living in Latin AmericaSection 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter 11: The Physical Geography of EuropeSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 12: The Cultural Geography of EuropeSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 13: Europe TodaySection 1: Living in EuropeSection 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter 14: The Physical Geography of RussiaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 15: The Cultural Geography of RussiaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 16: Russia TodaySection 1: Living in RussiaSection 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter 17: The Physical Geography of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central AsiaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 18: The Cultural Geography of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central AsiaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 19: North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia TodaySection 1: Living in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central AsiaSection 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter 20: The Physical Geography of Africa South of the SaharaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 21: The Cultural Geography of Africa South of the SaharaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 22: Africa South of the Sahara TodaySection 1: Living in Africa South of the SaharaSection 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter 23: The Physical Geography of South AsiaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 24: The Cultural Geography of South AsiaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 25: South Asia TodaySection 1: Living in South AsiaSection 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter 26: The Physical Geography of East AsiaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 27: The Cultural Geography of East AsiaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 28: East Asia TodaySection 1: Living in East AsiaSection 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter 29: The Physical Geography of Southeast AsiaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 30: The Cultural Geography of Southeast AsiaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 31: Southeast Asia TodaySection 1: Living in Southeast AsiaSection 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter 32: The Physical Geography of Australia, Oceania, and AntarcticaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation

Chapter 33: The Cultural Geography of Australia, Oceania, and AntarcticaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles

Chapter 34: Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica TodaySection 1: Living in Australia, Oceania, and AntarcticaSection 2: People and Their Environment

Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student EditionCaptulo 1: La manera en que los gegrafos miran el mundoGua de estudio 1-1: Explorando la geografaGua de estudio 1-2: El arte del gegrafo

Captulo 2: La TierraGua de estudio 2-1: Planeta TierraGua de estudio 2-2: Fuerzas de cambioGua de estudio 2-3: El agua de la Tierra

Captulo 3: Los climas de la TierraGua de estudio 3-1: Relacin Tierra-SolGua de estudio 3-2: Factores que afectan el climaGua de estudio 3-3: Patrones climticos del mundo

Captulo 4: El mundo humano Gua de estudio 4-1: Poblacin mundialGua de estudio 4-2: Culturas globalesGua de estudio 4-3: Sistemas polticos y econmicosGua de estudio 4-4: Recursos, comercio y medio ambiente

Captulo 5: La geografa fsica de Estados Unidos y CanadGua de estudio 5-1: La tierraGua de estudio 5-2: Clima y vegetacin

Captulo 6: La geografa cultural de Estados Unidos y CanadGua de estudio 6-1: Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio 6-2: Historia y gobiernoGua de estudio 6-3: Culturas y estilos de vida

Captulo 7: Hoy en Estados Unidos y CanadGua de estudio 7-1: La vida en Estados Unidos y CanadGua de estudio 7-2: La gente y su medio ambiente

Captulo 8: La geografa fsica de LatinoamricaGua de estudio 8-1: La tierraGua de estudio 8-2: Clima y vegetacin

Captulo 9: La geografa cultural de LatinoamricaGua de estudio 9-1: Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio 9-2: Historia y gobiernoGua de estudio 9-3: Culturas y estilos de vida

Captulo 10: Hoy en LatinoamricaGua de estudio 10-1: La vida en Amrica LatinaGua de estudio 10-2: La gente y su medio ambiente

Captulo 11: La geografa fsica de EuropaGua de estudio 11-1: La tierra Gua de estudio 11-2: Clima y vegetacin

Captulo 12: La geografa cultural de EuropaGua de estudio 12-1: Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio 12-2: Historia y gobiernoGua de estudio 12-3: Culturas y estilos de vida

Captulo 13: Hoy en EuropaGua de estudio 13-1: La vida en EuropaGua de estudio 13-2: La gente y su medio ambiente

Captulo 14: Captulo 14: La geografa fsica de RusiaGua de estudio 14-1: La tierraGua de estudio 14-2: Clima y vegetacin

Captulo 15: La geografa cultural de RusiaGua de estudio 15-1: Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio 15-2: Historia y gobiernoGua de estudio 15-3: Culturas y estilos de vida

Captulo 16: Hoy en RusiaGua de estudio 16-1: La vida en RusiaGua de estudio 16-2: La gente y su medio ambiente

Captulo 17: La geografa fsica del norte de frica, el suroeste de Asia y Asia centralGua de estudio 17-1: La tierraGua de estudio 17-2: Clima y vegetacin

Captulo 18: La geografa cultural del norte de frica, el suroeste de Asia y Asia centralGua de estudio 18-1: Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio 18-2: Historia y gobiernoGua de estudio 18-3: Culturas y estilos de vida

Captulo 19: Hoy en el norte de frica, el suroeste de Asia y Asia centralGua de estudio 19-1: La vida en el norte de frica, suroeste de Asia y Asia CentralGua de estudio 19-2: La gente y su medio ambiente

Captulo 20: La geografa fsica de frica al Sur del SaharaGua de estudio 20-1: La tierraGua de estudio 20-2: Clima y vegetacin

Captulo 21: La geografa cultural de frica al Sur del SaharaGua de estudio 21-1: Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio 21-2: La gente y su medio ambienteGua de estudio 21-3: Culturas y estilos de vida

Captulo 22: Hoy en frica al Sur del SaharaGua de estudio 22-1: La vida en frica al sur del SaharaGua de estudio 22-2: La gente y su medio Ambiente

Captulo 23: La geografa fsica del sur de AsiaGua de estudio 23-1: La tierraGua de estudio 23-2: Clima y vegetacin

Captulo 24: La geografa cultural del sur de AsiaGua de estudio 24-1: Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio 24-2: Historia y gobiernoGua de estudio 24-3: Culturas y estilos de vida

Captulo 25: Hoy en el sur de AsiaGua de estudio 25-1: La vida en el sur de AsiaGua de estudio 25-2: La gente y su medio ambiente

Captulo 26: La geografa fsica de Asia orientalGua de estudio 26-1: La tierraGua de estudio 26-2: Clima y vegetacin

Captulo 27: La geografa cultural de Asia orientalGua de estudio 27-1: Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio 27-2: Historia y gobiernoGua de estudio 27-3: Culturas y estilos de vida

Captulo 28: Hoy en Asia orientalGua de estudio 28-1: La vida en el este de AsiaGua de estudio 28-2: La gente y su medio ambiente

Captulo 29: La geografa fsica del sureste de AsiaGua de estudio 29-1: La tierraGua de estudio 29-2: Clima y vegetacin

Captulo 30: La geografa cultural del sureste de AsiaGua de estudio 30-1: Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio 30-2: Historia y gobiernoGua de estudio 30-3: Culturas y estilos de vida

Captulo 31: Hoy en el sureste de AsiaGua de estudio 31-1: La vida en el sureste de AsiaGua de estudio 31-2: La gente y su medio ambiente

Captulo 32: La geografa fsica de Australia, Oceana y AntrtidaGua de estudio 32-1: La tierraGua de estudio 32-2: Clima y vegetacin

Captulo 33: La geografa cultural de Australia, Oceana y AntrtidaGua de estudio 33-1: Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio 33-2: Historia y gobiernoGua de estudio 33-3: Culturas y estilos de vida

Captulo 34: Hoy en Australia, Oceana y AntrtidaGua de estudio 34-1: La vida en Australia, Oceana y la AntrticaGua de estudio 34-2: La gente y su medio ambiente

Spanish SummariesCaptulo 1: La manera en que los gegrafos miran el mundoCaptulo 2: La TierraCaptulo 3: Los climas de la TierraCaptulo 4: El mundo humano Captulo 5: La geografa fsica de Estados Unidos y CanadCaptulo 6: La geografa cultural de Estados Unidos y CanadCaptulo 7: Hoy en Estados Unidos y CanadCaptulo 8: La geografa fsica de LatinoamricaCaptulo 9: La geografa cultural de LatinoamricaCaptulo 10: Hoy en LatinoamricaCaptulo 11: La geografa fsica de EuropaCaptulo 12: La geografa cultural de EuropaCaptulo 13: Hoy en EuropaCaptulo 14: Captulo 14: La geografa fsica de RusiaCaptulo 15: La geografa cultural de RusiaCaptulo 16: Hoy en RusiaCaptulo 17: La geografa fsica del norte de frica, el suroeste de Asia y Asia centralCaptulo 18: La geografa cultural del norte de frica, el suroeste de Asia y Asia centralCaptulo 19: Hoy en el norte de frica, el suroeste de Asia y Asia centralCaptulo 20: La geografa fsica de frica al Sur del SaharaCaptulo 21: La geografa cultural de frica al Sur del SaharaCaptulo 22: Hoy en frica al Sur del SaharaCaptulo 23: La geografa fsica del sur de AsiaCaptulo 24: La geografa cultural del sur de AsiaCaptulo 25: Hoy en el sur de AsiaCaptulo 26: La geografa fsica de Asia orientalCaptulo 27: La geografa cultural de Asia orientalCaptulo 28: Hoy en Asia orientalCaptulo 29: La geografa fsica del sureste de AsiaCaptulo 30: La geografa cultural del sureste de AsiaCaptulo 31: Hoy en el sureste de AsiaCaptulo 32: La geografa fsica de Australia, Oceana y AntrtidaCaptulo 33: La geografa cultural de Australia, Oceana y AntrtidaCaptulo 34: Hoy en Australia, Oceana y Antrtida

Standardized Test Practice Workbook - Student EditionObjectives Addressed in the ActivitiesWorkbook OverviewPreparing for a Standardized TestActivity 1: Making InferencesActivity 2: Interpreting DiagramsActivity 3: Perceiving Cause-and-Effect RelationshipsActivity 4: Outlining Information for WritingActivity 5: Reading the Scale of Distance on a MapActivity 6: Descriptive Writing about a VisualActivity 7: Drawing ConclusionsActivity 8: Taking NotesActivity 9: Comparing and ContrastingActivity 10: Persuasive Writing about an IssueActivity 11: Detecting BiasActivity 12: Reading a Time LineActivity 13: Recognizing PropagandaActivity 14: Evaluating the Consequences of DecisionsActivity 15: Writing a News StoryActivity 16: Predicting OutcomesActivity 17: Making DecisionsActivity 18: Interpreting Primary SourcesActivity 19: Analyzing StatisticsActivity 20: Distinguishing Between Fact and OpinionActivity 21: Identifying the Main IdeaActivity 22: Writing ClearlyActivity 23: Identifying and Evaluating EvidenceActivity 24: Classifying Facts and DetailsActivity 25: Making GeneralizationsActivity 26: Using a Bar Graph to Interpret DataActivity 27: Analyzing a Political CartoonActivity 28: Forming HypothesesActivity 29: Developing a Process to Solve a ProblemActivity 30: Interpreting DataActivity 31: Recognizing Point of ViewActivity 32: Interpreting EditorialsActivity 33: Interpreting Charts and TablesActivity 34: Writing to Inform an Audience

HelpInternet LinkPrevious DocumentSearch - DocumentSearch - Full *Available on OS X and Windows in Reader 6.0.1*Page NavigatorExit