Why is Each Point on Earth Unique?

Regions

Areas of Unique Characteristics

Formal Region• Uniform region… everyone

shares one or more common characteristics.

• How are the following formal regions?

• What conclusions can you draw?

Functional Region• Organized around a node or a focal point.

• The characteristic chosen is strongest at the center of the region and diminishes outward into hinterland. (Newspapers, economics, etc)

Atlanta Braves ticket holder and new stadium location

Vernacular Region• Region that people

perceive… they believe it exists as part of their cultural identity.

• If I asked you to draw a mental map of the south… what would you draw????

Regions: Mind Mapping“The sense of place that humans possess may apply to a larger area of

the earth than to a specific point.” In groups of 4 you are going to create a gallery poster to explain the different types of regions: formal, functional, and vernacular. Using your book and notes as reference, label these types of regions on your maps and explain how they pertain to each region you have shaded. Requirements are listed below:

• At the top of your poster, create a definition of “region”• Create 3 sections on your posters for the 3 region types• Shade in an area that represents the type of region you are explaining (use the 2

U.S. maps for formal and functional but use the world map for vernacular…MAKE SURE YOUR MAP HAS A KEY!)

• Below the map on the poster paper:

1.) explain the definition of the region type

2.) Shade in your region and draw an annotation to represent the characteristic

3.) explain how your region pertains to the type

All posters should be colorful, neat and informative!

Culture• What people care

about.

• What people take care of.

• Cultural ecology= study of human environment interaction.

• Environmental determinism= how the physical environment caused social development.

Possibilism• The physical environment may limit

some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXz4SQ_lfNM

Global Environmental Processes

• Physical - Needed to understand human distribution, such as where people live and what they eat

− Climate − Vegetation− Soil − Landforms

Physical Processes: Koppen Climate System• How does climate relate to population

distribution?Wladimir Peter Köppen :German geographer, developed the Köppen climate classification system, still commonly used

Compare the white (cities) to the location of mild climates conducive to settlement

Physical Processes: Vegetation

Physical Process: Soil• Erosion and depletion of natural

resources are concerns.

Physical Processes: Landforms

• Topographic maps show landforms.

• Relief is the distance in elevation between two points and measures the extent of hilly vs. flat. The closer the contour lines the steeper… farther apart=flatter.

• How is population distribution related to topography?

Case Study: The Netherlands and Florida

• Make a T-chart on the back of your regions poster. You will tape a and a on either side of the T

• Under each thumb, explain which place is either positive/responsible environmental management

OR negative/irresponsible

• List reasons why and explain what each place did to their environment

• Dike or levee: a natural or artificial slope used to regulate water levels, prevents flooding

Negative:Positive:

Sensitive (Responsible) Environmental Modifications

• Netherlands

The Dutch considerably altered the site of the Netherlands, through the continuous creation of polders and dikes.

• “God made the Earth, and the Dutch made the Netherlands.”

Not-So-Sensitive (irresponsible/poorly

planned) Environmental Modifications

• Barrier Islands degraded and built upon.

• Wetlands – between Lake Okeechobee and the Everglades destroyed/built upon and drained.

• Kissimmee River diverted.

• “God made the world and Florida in six days, and the Army Corps of Engineers has been tinkering with it ever since.”

Environmental Management Case

Study: Hurricane Katrina 2005• Much like Florida, New

Orleans had built on marshy areas and on wetlands as the city expanded.

• Much like the Netherlands, they built a levee system to keep the “ocean out.” It was no match for Katrina.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A4AyiFhUCvc (2 minutes)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooGsvj5SeHE (4 minutes)

Key Issue Three

•Why are different places similar?

Johannesburg, South Africa

Shanghai, China

Scale… from global to local.• Scale of the world is shrinking…

globalization.

• Globalization of economy led by transnational corporations.

APHGSHS, A Transnational Corporation

• APHGSHS is a transnational corporation headquartered in Marietta, GA. The company was started by APHG students and it manufactures Yellow Jackets that are extremely warm and make the person wearing the jacket able to teleport to a different time and place. Because of this the company has become a billion dollar corporation selling to billions world wide.

Using the map below we need to decide where to put….

• Our regional headquarters (we can have 3)• Major distribution (sales and service… can have 6)• Research and development (can have 2)• Manufacturing (can have 3)

Our regional headquarters (3) HQMajor distribution (6) MDResearch and development (2) RDManufacturing (3) M

Why can transnational corporations exist????

• Modern technology provides the ability to−Move money easily−Move materials easily−Move and sell finished products easily.

−** Space-Time Compression is the reduction in time it takes for something to reach another place.

Transnational corporations remain competitive by identifying the optimal location for all of their activities… like we did with our Yellow Jacket

Corporation.

ARITHMETIC DENSITY• The total number of

objects or people in an area. (If measuring people, would take # of people and divide by area)

• A large population does not necessarily mean a high arithmetic density. China is most populous (1.3 billion people, but 140/sq.km) vs. The Netherlands which has a small amount of people ( 16 million, but 400/sq.km)

PHYSIOLOGICAL DENSITY• Number of people per unit area of

arable land, (land suitable for agriculture).

• Higher density, more difficulty the country has feeding its people.

AGRICULTURAL DENSITY• Number of farmers per unit of arable

farmland.

CONCENTRATION• If features are close,

they are clustered.

• If features are farther apart, they are dispersed.

Pattern: The geometric arrangement of objects in spaces/regions.

• Patterns of MLB teams change as population changes/ spreads.

• In first picture they are in a concentrated pattern.

• In second picture they are in a dispersed pattern.

• Concentration is NOT the same as density. Two neighborhoods can have the same density, but in different concentrations.−Picture A= 24 houses−Picture B= 32 houses−They sit on the same

amount of land, so a has a lower density, but they both have dispersed locations.

−Picture C has a high concentration.

Diffusion• Process by

which connections are made between places/ regions.

Hearth= place where innovation or idea

orginates.

Distance Decay • The farther away

two groups… the less like they will interact

• Contact diminishes with distance and eventually disappears... This is distance decay .

• Can be cultural group or econ activity… example people will only travel so far for a convenience store, but will travel a long distance for a superstore.

Let’s act it out!!• In groups of about 6, you need to read

about and discuss the 4 types of diffusion: relocation, hierarchical, contagious, stimulus (starts on pg. 37)

• Based on the ideas of the group, you need to draw an illustration, possibly like a comic strip, for 2 of them…and then come up with a quick skit to explain the other 2.

• Be prepared to share all of your ideas with the class!

RELOCATION DIFFUSION• Spread of an idea through physical

movement of people from one place to another.

EXPANSION DIFFUSION• Spread of an idea or

feature by a snowballing process.

• Can be:−Hierarchical Diffusion:

to spread by authority/power.

−Contagious Diffusion: rapid, widespread diffusion throughout a population without relocation… is contagious.

−Stimulus Diffusion: spark that starts something… spread of a principle even if actual characteristic fails to catch on.

Diffusion of culture and economy has not been equal… this is known as uneven development.• Three core

Hearth Regions− United States− Western Europe− Japan

• Those less developed countries in the periphery.− Ethiopia− Pakistan− Haiti

IN CONTRAST

TO