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Why Indicators Matter Using Outcome Indicators to Plan and Evaluate Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs Todd Rogers, PhD California Tobacco Control Program, CX Webinar July 9, 2009

Why Indicators Matter

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Why Indicators Matter Using Outcome Indicators to Plan and Evaluate Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs Todd Rogers, PhD California Tobacco Control Program, CX Webinar July 9, 2009. Plan for this Presentation. Demonstrate the importance of indicators for: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Why Indicators Matter

Why Indicators MatterUsing Outcome Indicators to Plan and Evaluate Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs

Todd Rogers, PhD

California Tobacco Control Program, CX Webinar

July 9, 2009

Page 2: Why Indicators Matter

Plan for this Presentation

• Demonstrate the importance of indicators for:– Planning and evaluating tobacco control programs– Monitoring the national tobacco control effort– Advocating for policy support and additional

resources

Page 3: Why Indicators Matter

Specific, observable, and measurable characteristics that shows progress a program is making toward achieving a specified outcome

What is an indicator?

Measuring Program Outcomes: A Practical Approach. Alexandria, VA: United Way of America; 1996

Page 4: Why Indicators Matter

Characteristics of a “Good” Indicator

• Relevant – important/useful information• Affordable – requires reasonable resources• Valid

– Appropriate – meaningful for intended use– Understandable – makes sense

• Reliable – minimal measurement error

Page 5: Why Indicators Matter

Inputs

Activities

Outputs

Outcomes

Context

Simplified Program Logic Model

Page 6: Why Indicators Matter

Focus on Program Outcomes

Outcomes

Completed effortsto disseminate

anti-tobacco/pro-healthmessages

Completed efforts to reduce and counteractpro-tobacco messages

Inputs

Activities

Completed efforts to increase tobacco

curricula and tobacco free policies

Outputs

Reduced initiationamong youth

Reduced youth smoking prevalence

School-based

prevention

Policy and Regulatory

Action

2

1

13

14

Targeted toDisparate

Populations

3

Decreased tobacco-related disparity

Reduced tobacco-related morbidity

and mortality

16

15

Completed efforts to increase restriction and

enforcement of tobacco sales to

minors

Completed efforts to increase cigarette

excise tax

5

4

Communitymobilization

Countermarketing

Long-term

State Health Department

and Partners

Reducedsusceptibility to experimentation

Decreased access

Increased price on cigarettes through tax

Increased anti-tobacco policies and programs

in schools

8

9

10

12

11

Increased in anti-tobacco attitudes,

support for policies to reduce youth initiation

7

6

IntermediateShort-term

Reduced tobacco industry influences

Increased restriction, enforcement on

restrictions on tobacco sales to minors

Page 7: Why Indicators Matter

Outcome Component 9

Reduced tobacco industry influences

Indicator 1.9.3

Extent of tobacco advertising outside stores

Page 8: Why Indicators Matter

Indicators Drive Program Planning

• Develop program outcome objectives in the context of logical model “pathways” and associated outcome indicators

• Integrate program and evaluation planning

Page 9: Why Indicators Matter
Page 10: Why Indicators Matter

Indicators Shape Program Objectives

From: Local Program Evaluation Planning Guide (December 2004)California Department of Health Services, Tobacco Control Section

Page 11: Why Indicators Matter

Local Evaluation of a “Pathway”

• Does passage of SHS policies lead to:– Increased enforcement of policies?– Increased compliance with policies?– Reductions in reported exposure to SHS?

Weber MD, Bagwell DAS, Fielding JE, Glantz SA. Long term compliance with California’s Smoke-Free Workplace Law among bars and restaurants in Los Angeles County. Tobacco Control 2003;12:269-273.

Page 12: Why Indicators Matter

Although CX was an Early Innovation in State Tobacco Control Planning and Evaluation …

Page 13: Why Indicators Matter

… There are Other National Efforts to Track Key Outcome Indicators for Tobacco Control …

Page 14: Why Indicators Matter

… and Indicators are Being Developed for Many Other Public Health Issues

Page 15: Why Indicators Matter

Indicators Are Widely Used to Track State and National Progress in Tobacco Control

Page 16: Why Indicators Matter

CDC OSH Indicator Utilization by Funded State Tobacco Control Programs

(2007-08)

Initiation SHS Cessation Total

Avail Used Avail Used Avail Used Avail Used

Short 38 25 19 18 24 23 81 66

Inter 12 11 5 5 4 4 21 20

Long 4 4 8 8 6 6 18 18

Total 54 40 32 31 34 33 120 104

TM

Page 17: Why Indicators Matter

CDC OSH Indicators Not Being Utilized by Funded State Programs (2007-08)

Indicator Type

1.6.6 Level of awareness among parents about the importance of discussing tobacco use with their children

Init ST

1.8.3 Proportion of jurisdictions with policies that control the location, number and density of retail outlets

Init ST

1.9.4 Proportion of jurisdictions with policies that regulate the extent of tobacco advertising outside of stores

Init ST

1.9.8 Extent of tobacco advertising in print media Init ST

1.9.10 Number and type of MSA violations by tobacco companies Init ST

1.9.12 Amount of tobacco industry campaign contributions to local and state politicians

Init ST

1.11.5 Proportion of young people reporting that they purchased cigarettes from a vending machine

Init IT

TM

Page 18: Why Indicators Matter

• Of 120 KOIs named by CDC, CTCP lacks data on only 22 indicators (18%):– Youth initiation – 6/54 missing (11%)– Secondhand smoke – 4/32 missing (13%)– Cessation – 12/34 missing (35%), especially on health

care provider and insurance-related indicators

CTCP Evaluation Indicators Overlap Substantially with CDC OSH Indicators

Page 19: Why Indicators Matter

State Indicator Tracking Motivates Policy and Media Advocacy Actions

Page 20: Why Indicators Matter
Page 21: Why Indicators Matter

Indicator Data Presented by CTFK in State-Specific Press Releases

Page 22: Why Indicators Matter

Summary

• Indicators help your planning and evaluation efforts

• Indicators are used to monitor state-specific and national progress

• Indicator data are used to advocate for poicy change and program support

• Indicators matter