Why do we need packet data ?Why do we need packet data ?

In Circuit Switched Data, the data rate and delay can In Circuit Switched Data, the data rate and delay can be guaranteed and therefore is ideal for real time be guaranteed and therefore is ideal for real time services such as video transmission.services such as video transmission.

GPRS on the other hand is more suited to bursty GPRS on the other hand is more suited to bursty traffic such as web browsing and telemetry and the traffic such as web browsing and telemetry and the provision of some new network elements is necessary provision of some new network elements is necessary to provide these services. to provide these services.

When compared to Circuit Switched Data, GPRS has a When compared to Circuit Switched Data, GPRS has a number of advantages when it comes to Internet number of advantages when it comes to Internet connections and links with other packet switched connections and links with other packet switched networks. networks.

Packet Data

If a user use a circuit data and want to be If a user use a circuit data and want to be always on-line, he needs to monopolize a always on-line, he needs to monopolize a radio channel ( and pay for it ! ), even when radio channel ( and pay for it ! ), even when he does not send any datahe does not send any data

With packet data, a user can stay connected With packet data, a user can stay connected ( always on-line ) and pay only for the ( always on-line ) and pay only for the amount of data that he send/receiveamount of data that he send/receive

GPRS

An Upgrade to existing networksAn Upgrade to existing networks An integral part of EDGE and WCDMAAn integral part of EDGE and WCDMA

Radio AccessNetwork

GSM Circuit SwitchedNetwork

PSTN( Public Switched

Telephone Network )

Internet /IntranetsGPRS

Packet SwitchedAdd-on

EDGE : Conclusion ?EDGE : Conclusion ?

Faster than GPRSFaster than GPRSMuch Cheaper Much Cheaper than 3Gthan 3G

Quality of Service Classes ConversationalConversational

– Low delay, preserve time relation between packetsLow delay, preserve time relation between packets– Voice, highly intensive gamesVoice, highly intensive games

StreamingStreaming– preserve time relation between packets, delay not criticalpreserve time relation between packets, delay not critical– Streaming mediaStreaming media

InteractiveInteractive– Request response pattern, preserve data integrityRequest response pattern, preserve data integrity– Web browsingWeb browsing

BackgroundBackground– Non-time critical data, preserve data integrityNon-time critical data, preserve data integrity– Background synchronization, download …etcBackground synchronization, download …etc

Evolution : different radio access on the same core network

GSM/GPRS BTS

EDGE/GPRS BTS

WCDMA BTS

RNC

BSC

SGSN

MSC

GGSN

PSTN

PacketData

Network

IMT-2000 recommendations

Quality of service comparable to fixed Quality of service comparable to fixed voice networksvoice networks

Bit rates up to 2 MbpsBit rates up to 2 Mbps Variety of terminalsVariety of terminals Flexible architecture to add additional Flexible architecture to add additional

applicationsapplications

Region RAN options Core options 2G Basis

3G (USA) WCDMA, EDGE, cdma2000

IS-41 IS-95, GSM-1900,TDMA

3G (Europe) WCDMA, GSM, EDGE

GSM/GPRS using MAP signalling

GSM900/1800

3G (Japan) WCDMA GSM/GPRS using MAP signalling

PDC

GSM/GPRS

IS-41

3G (Korea) WCDMA, IS-95 GSM/GPRS, IS-41

IS-95

3G (Australia) WCDMA, cdma2000

GSM/GPRS GSM900/1800

3G (China) WCDMA cdma2000

GSM900/1800 IS-95

Bluetooth

Short range radio technology that enables Short range radio technology that enables many different shapes and functionalities many different shapes and functionalities from different vendors to communicate.from different vendors to communicate.

The technology operates in 2.4 GHz The technology operates in 2.4 GHz frequency.frequency.

It is designed to be small and power It is designed to be small and power efficient and is expected to be included in a efficient and is expected to be included in a huge variety of devices ( mobile phone, huge variety of devices ( mobile phone, PDA, computer …etc )PDA, computer …etc )

Requirements for Bluetooth :

Low powerLow powerLow costLow costSmall footprintSmall footprintSpeech and data transmissionSpeech and data transmissionIt has to work worldwideIt has to work worldwide

Directional vs Omni Directional

Main features

Omni directionalOmni directional Not limited to point to point connectionNot limited to point to point connection Small LAN can be set upSmall LAN can be set up Can serve as short range Internet bridgeCan serve as short range Internet bridge Short radio ( 10 m – 100 m, depend on Short radio ( 10 m – 100 m, depend on

power )power ) Bit rate ( 433 kbps for symmetric transfer Bit rate ( 433 kbps for symmetric transfer

and 722 kbps for asynchronous transfer )and 722 kbps for asynchronous transfer )

Available Bit RatesType Symmetric Asymmetric Asymmetric

Downlink UplinkDM1 108.8 108.8 108.8DH1 172.8 172.8 172.8DM3 258.1 387.2 54.4DH3 390.4 585.6 86.4DM5 286.7 477.8 36.3DH5 433.9 721 57.6

Bluetooth networking profile

Piconet ( up to 8 units )Piconet ( up to 8 units ) Scatternet Scatternet Bluetooth has a maximum of 79 frequencies.Bluetooth has a maximum of 79 frequencies.

PiconetPiconet

Piconet

Jasa Nilai Tambah GSM Jasa Nilai Tambah GSM

The 5 M’s

MovementMovement : escaping the fixed place : escaping the fixed place MomentMoment : expanding the concept of : expanding the concept of

timetime Me Me : extending myself and my : extending myself and my

communitycommunity MoneyMoney : expanding financial resources : expanding financial resources MachineMachine : empowering gadgets : empowering gadgets

Movement : escaping the fixed place

MobilityMobility LocalityLocality GlobalityGlobality Home BaseHome Base PositioningPositioning

Mobility

E.g. Car driver looking for the nearest hotelE.g. Car driver looking for the nearest hotel The service keep track of where you are and The service keep track of where you are and

dynamically offer you the most appropriate dynamically offer you the most appropriate service or information as you moveservice or information as you move

The service should move beyond any The service should move beyond any location and its information automatically location and its information automatically as you drive on past itas you drive on past it

Locality

The service provide specific The service provide specific local information.local information.

E.g. Weather, local E.g. Weather, local entertainment …etcentertainment …etc

Globality

Some services need to provide the same Some services need to provide the same information worldwideinformation worldwide

E.g. CNN News, Wall Street Financial E.g. CNN News, Wall Street Financial News …etcNews …etc

Home BaseHome Base

If the service knows where your home base If the service knows where your home base interest is, it can provide the home-town interest is, it can provide the home-town informationinformation

Positioning

Identifying the physical presence of Identifying the physical presence of mobile phonesmobile phones

Moment – expanding the concept of time

PlanPlan PostponePostpone Fill timeFill time Catch UpCatch Up Multi-taskMulti-task Real-TimeReal-Time

12

3

6

9

12

4

578

1011

Moment Planning is critical to efficient use of time. E.g. see what the Planning is critical to efficient use of time. E.g. see what the

team members are doing to try to find a common time for a team members are doing to try to find a common time for a meetingmeeting

Postpone : Making last minutes change or last minute Postpone : Making last minutes change or last minute decision.decision.

Filling time : doing things with sudden idle time, e.g. reading Filling time : doing things with sudden idle time, e.g. reading e-mail while waiting at airport, read the news in the taxie-mail while waiting at airport, read the news in the taxi

Catching up : trying to recover lost time, e.g. reading Catching up : trying to recover lost time, e.g. reading yesterday’s newspaperyesterday’s newspaper

Multi-tasking : to do multiple things at the same time Multi-tasking : to do multiple things at the same time Real-time : delivering services when they occur ( stock price Real-time : delivering services when they occur ( stock price

information )information )