2. Introduction 3. Why Do We Fall ILL???S o me d i s e a s e s a
r e c a u s e db yb a c t e r i a a n d s o me , s u c h asA I D S
a n d t h e c o mmo n c o l d ,a r e c a u s e d b y v i r u s e s
.N o r ma l l y , o u r i mmu n e s y s te mp r o t e c t s u s a g
a i n s td i s e a s e s . B u t s o me t i me s o u rb o d y b e c
a u s e o f t o o l i t t l es l e e p o r a l o t o f s t r e s s
-b e c o me s s o w e a k t h a t t h ei mmu n e s y s t e m d o e
s n o t w o r kp r o p e r l y a n d w e s u c c u mb tod i s e a s
e s . L u c k i l y , we c a ng e t o u r s e l v e s v a c c i n a
t e d 4. next 5. Types Of DiseasesInfectious Disease : Diseases
where microbes are theimmediate cause.Contagious diseases : A
subset of infectious diseases.Communicable diseases : Diseases
which spreadthrough an infected person to a healthy person
throughair, water, contaminated food and pathogens .Airborne
diseases : A disease that spread from air .Non-communicable
diseases :It is a medical conditionor disease which by definition
is non-infectious and non-transmissible between persons.Lifestyle
diseases : Diseases that appear to increase infrequency as
countries become more industrialized andpeople live longer. Other
contents 6. CAUSES OF DISEASES Let us look at an example. If there
is a baby suffering from loose motions ,we can say that the cause
of loose motions is an infection with a virus. So the immediate
cause of the disease is a VIRUS . Virus could have been come
through unclean drinking water. But in some cases one baby develops
loose motions while the other baby does not ? The reason could be
that the baby is not HEALTHY .As a result, it might be more likely
to have diseases when exposed to risk, whereas healthier babies
would not. 7. Genetic Difference :It is also possible that the baby
has some genetic difference that makes it more likely to suffer
from loose motions when exposed to such a virus . Without the virus
, the genetic difference or the poor nourishment alone would not
lead to loose motions .But they do become contributory causes of
the diseases. Lack of Good Nourishment: The baby is not healthy
because itis not well nourished and does not get enough food . So,
this isthe another cause . Other contents 8. CURE :A cure is the
end of a medical condition or atreatment that is very likely to end
it,while remission refers to the disappearance,
possiblytemporarily, of symptoms. Complete remission is thebest
possible outcome for incurable diseases.PREVENTION :Many diseases
and disorders can be preventedthrough a variety of means. These
includesanitation, proper nutrition,adequate exercise,
vaccinations, and other self-care and public health measures. 9.
TreatmentMedical therapies or treatments are efforts toFact
filecure or improve a disease or other healthproblem. In the
medical field, therapy issynonymous with the word
treatment.Treatments may be provided by anorganized health care
system, or informally,by the patient or family members.A prevention
or preventive therapy is a way toavoid an injury, sickness, or
disease in thefirst place. A treatment or cure is applied aftera
medical problem has already started. Atreatment attempts to improve
or remove aproblem, but treatments may not producepermanent cures,
especially in chronicdiseases. 10. How can we prevent Diseases?
There are two ways, one general and one specific to each diseases .
The general ways of preventing infections mostly relate to
preventing exposure.How can we prevent exposure to
infectiousmicrobes? For airborne microbes , we can prevent exposure
by providing living conditionsthat are not overcrowded . For
waterborne microbes, we can prevent exposure by providing safe
drinkingwater . This can be done by treating the water to kill any
microbial contamination. For vector-borne infections , we can
provide clean environments . This would not, for example, allow
mosquito breeding . In other words , public hygiene is onebasic key
to the prevention of infectious diseases .Next 11. Treatment Once
someone has a disease, their body functions are damaged and may
never recover completely.Treatment will take time, which means that
someone suffering from a disease is likely to be bedridden for
sometime if we can give proper treatment.The person suffering from
an infectious disease can serve as a source from where the
infection may spread to other people. This leads to the
multiplication of the above difficulties. It is because of such
reasons that prevention of diseases is better than Other contents
their cure. 12. Viruses cannot exist on their own and for survival
theyneed to spread to another host. This is because theoriginal
host may either die or eliminate the infection.Some important
routes of viral transfer include:RouteExamplesSkin contact
HPV(warts)RespiratoryColdVirus , Influenza,measles,m-
umps,rubellaFaecal-oralPolio, echo, Coxackie, HepatitisAMilk
HIV,HTLV1,CMVTransplacental Rubella ,CMV,HIVSexually Herpes1
&2,HIV,HPV,Hepatitis BInsect VectorYellow fever, Dengue
feverAnimla BiteRabbies 13. next 14. Treatment Of Viral
InfectionsSeveral antiviral drugs that are used to treat viral
infectionshave been developed over the past two decades. Many
ofthese are focussed against HIV. These do not cure HIVinfection
but stop the virus from multiplying and preventthe progress of the
disease. Another notable antiviral drugis Ribavarin against
hepatitis A Viruses in general are notoriously difficult drug
targetsas they modify and adapt themselves rapidly to build up
aresistance against the drug. Case in point is Oseltamivir(trade
name - Tamiflu) used in influenza. 15. Ebola- threw blood Measles-
threw airChicken pox- threw air Polio Yellow feverRabies
BlackdeathAIDS Influenza- Threw airOther contents 16. Bacterial
Diseases:1) Tetanus==by bacterium Colstirdium tetani2) Typorid
fever==bacterium salmonella3) Cholera==caused by vibrio cholerae4)
Plague caused by Yesenia pests5) Syphilis== bacterium Treponema
pallida6) Gonorrhea triggered by Neisseria7) Tuberculosis==Koch
bacteria8)Legionnaires disease by Legionella9)
Pneumonia==bacteria10)Anthrax==bacteria 17. What Are Bacterial
Diseases?Bacterial diseases include any type of illness causedby
bacteria. Bacteria are a type of microorganism,which are tiny forms
of life that can only be seen witha microscope. Other types of
microorganisms includeviruses, some fungi, and some
parasites.Millions of bacteria normally live on the skin, in
theintestines, and on the genitalia. The vast majority ofbacteria
do not cause disease, and many bacteria areactually helpful and
even necessary for good health.These bacteria are sometimes
referred to as goodbacteria or healthy bacteria. 18. next 19. What
are the symptoms of bacterial diseases?Symptoms of bacterial
diseases vary depending on thetype of bacterial infection, the area
of the body that isinfected, and other factors, such as the
patients ageand health history. The symptoms of bacterial
diseasescan also resemble symptoms of other diseases, such
ascolitis, influenza, and viral infections. The classicsymptom of a
bacterial infection is a Fever, although notall people with a
bacterial infection will have a fever. 20. What causes
bacterialdiseases?Bacterial diseases are caused by harmfulbacteria
(pathogenic bacteria). The vastmajority of bacteria do not cause
disease, andmany bacteria are actually helpful and evennecessary
for good health. Bacterial diseasesoccur when pathogenic bacteria
get into anarea of the body that is normally sterile, suchas the
bladder, or when they crowd out thehelpful bacteria in places such
as theintestines, vagina or mouth. Less common,bacterial infections
can occur when healthybacteria multiply uncontrollably. 21. FACT
FILEYPLL measurements do notThere are severalaccount for how
disabled ameasures used to quantifyperson is before dying, so
thethe burden imposed by measurement treats adiseases on people.
person who dies suddenlyThe years of potential life and a person
who died at thelost (YPLL) is a simple same age after decades
ofestimate of the number of illness as equivalent. Inyears that a
persons life2004, the World Healthwas shortened due to
aOrganisation calculated thatdisease. For example, if a932 million
years of potentialperson dies at the age of life were lost to
premature65 from a disease, anddeath.would probably have liveduntil
age 80 without thatIn 2004, the World Healthdisease, then that
diseaseOrganization calculated thathas caused a loss of 15 1.5
billion disability-adjustedyears of potential life.life years were
lost to diseaseand injury. Close
