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WHY DO OCEANS AND CONTINENTS HAVE DIFFERENT THERMAL PROPERTIES?
Continents heat up and cool down more quickly than oceans.
•Differences in Specific Heat.
•Differences in Latent Heat Flux.
•Differences in the Penetration of Radiation.
•Differences in Mixing.
•Differences in Specific Heat.The quantity of energy required to raise afixed weight (1 Kg) of a substance (1°k, 1°C or 1.8°F).
•Differences in Latent Heat Flux.
•Differences in the Penetration of Radiation.
•Differences in Mixing.
•Differences in Specific Heat.The quantity of energy required to raise afixed weight (1 Kg) of a substance (1°k, 1°C or 1.8°F).
•Differences in Latent Heat Flux.The proportion of insolation directed towards changing the state of water (melting or evaporation) which does not change the temperature of the immediate environment.•Differences in the Penetration of Radiation.
•Differences in Mixing.
•Differences in Specific Heat.The quantity of energy required to raise afixed weight (1 Kg) of a substance (1°k, 1°C or 1.8°F).
•Differences in Latent Heat Flux.The proportion of insolation directed towards changing the state of water (melting or evaporation) which does not change the temperature of the immediate environment.•Differences in the Penetration of Radiation.The depth of a substance over which a fixed quantity of insolation is distributed ~ “Concentration/dilution”.
•Differences in Mixing.
•Differences in Specific Heat.The quantity of energy required to raise afixed weight (1 Kg) of a substance (1°k, 1°C or 1.8°F).
•Differences in Latent Heat Flux.The proportion of insolation directed towards changing the state of water (melting or evaporation) which does not change the temperature of the immediate environment.•Differences in the Penetration of Radiation.The depth of a substance over which a fixed quantity of insolation is distributed ~ “Concentration/dilution”.
•Differences in Mixing.The ability of the substance to redistribute energy within itself once the energy has been delivered.
-
+ +
SPECIFICIC HEAT:
OHH
Water molecule
-
+ +
SPECIFICIC HEAT:
- -+ +
OHH
Water molecule
Hydrogen bonds
-
+ +
SPECIFICIC HEAT:
- -+ +
OHH
Water molecule
Hydrogen bonds
20,000 KJ
-
+ +
SPECIFICIC HEAT:
- -+ +
OHH
Water molecule
Hydrogen bonds
Water Soil
20,000 KJ
1Kg H2O 1Kg soil
-
+ +
SPECIFICIC HEAT:
- -+ +
OHH
Water molecule
Hydrogen bonds
Water Soil
20,000 KJ
1Kg H2O 1Kg soil
Specific heat:4200 KJ Kg-1 °K-1 2500 KJ Kg-1 °K-1
-
+ +
SPECIFICIC HEAT:
- -+ +
OHH
Water molecule
Hydrogen bonds
Water Soil
20,000 KJ
1Kg H2O 1Kg soil
T↑~5°K
Specific heat:4200 KJ Kg-1 °K-1 2500 KJ Kg-1 °K-1
20,000 4,200
-
+ +
SPECIFICIC HEAT:
- -+ +
OHH
Water molecule
Hydrogen bonds
Water Soil
20,000 KJ
1Kg H2O 1Kg soil
T↑~5°K
T↑8°K
Specific heat:4200 KJ Kg-1 °K-1 2500 KJ Kg-1 °K-1
20,0002,500
LATENT HEAT FLUX:
Ground Heat Ground Heat
SensibleHeat
SensibleHeatLatent
Heat
Oceans Continents
LatentHeat
LATENT HEAT FLUX:
Ground Heat Ground Heat
SensibleHeat
SensibleHeat
LatentHeat
LatentHeat
Oceans Continents
More water available to change the state of over oceans than continents. Thus proportion to Latent Heat Flux is higher
LATENT HEAT FLUX:
Ground Heat Ground Heat
SensibleHeat
SensibleHeat
LatentHeat
LatentHeat
Oceans Continents
If a higher proportion of the available insolation is diverted to Latent Heat, then a lower proportion is available for Ground and Sensible Heat
LATENT HEAT FLUX:
Ground Heat
SensibleHeat
SensibleHeat
LatentHeat
LatentHeat
Oceans Continents
If a higher proportion of the available insolation is diverted to Latent Heat, then a lower proportion is available for Ground and Sensible Heat
Ground Heat
Changes in surface and air temperatures
No changes in temperatures
PENETRATION OF RADIATION:
Oceans Continents
Liquid Solid
CONTINENTOCEAN
Dep
th
Dep
th
Greater depth of penetration in the liquid ocean compared to solid continents
Assume equal Ground Heat Flux
PENETRATION OF RADIATION:
Oceans Continents
Temperature Temperature
Liquid Solid
CONTINENTOCEAN
Dep
th
Dep
th
Equal Areas
Equal quantities of energy represent equal areas “heated”. Oceans “deep” but “cool surface” – continents “Shallow”, but “warm surface”
Cool
Warm
Calm
Warm
Cooler
Coolest
MIXING:
Least Dense
Denser
Most Dense
Stable Profile – little mixing.
CalmRough
Warm
Cooler
Coolest
MIXING:
Wave Energy – surface mixing.
CalmRough
Salty
Warm
Cooler
Coolest
MIXING:
Saline Waters – more dense, promote vertical mixing.
Evaporation
CalmRough
Salty
Warm
Cooler
Coolest
Cold
MIXING:
Cool surface waters – (ice melting) more dense, promote vertical mixing.
CalmRough
Salty
Warm
Cooler
Coolest
Cold
MIXING:
Cool surface waters – (ice melting) more dense, promote vertical mixing.
No equivalent processes within the continental surfaces.