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Why did the Greeks begin the Olympics?
The Greeks invented the Olympics to please their gods,especially Zeus.
Who competed in olympics?
• Only men joined the olympics.• There were no women.
Why was the Olympics in Olympia - Athens?
• Olympia was one of the oldest religious centers in the ancient Greek world. Ancient Greeks honored their gods, there.
What type of events were there?
- Stadium Racing (running) – Long distance
Race – Pentathlon
- Wrestling – Boxing
- Horse racing
- Jumping
..........
What did you receive if you won the events?
If you won the Olympics, you would receive olive branch.It isn’t about money but about honour.
When did the games begin?• The Olympics began in 776 B.C .
2-MODERN GAMES
Tek satırlık yazılarımın soldan sağa doğru serilmesini tercih ederim.3- CHANGES AND ADAPTATIONS
- WİNTER GAMES
Yazının hemen ardından resim girer.
-YOUTH GAMES
- PARALYMPICS
CHANGES AND ADAPTATIONS
After the success of the 1896 Games, the Olympics entered a period of stagnation that threatened their survival.
CHANGES AND ADAPTATIONS
The Olympic Games held at the Paris Exposition in 1900 The Games at Paris did not have a stadium; but was notable for being the first time women took part in the Games.
CHANGES AND ADAPTATIONS
When the St. Louis Games were celebrated roughly 650 athletes participated, but 580 were from the United States.The homogeneous nature of these celebrations was a low point for the Olympic Movement.
4-RECENT GAMES
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT ON HOST CITIES AND COUNTRIES
Olympics is not only a sporting event !
It has economic,cultural,political outcomes on hosting cities and
countries
Olympic Games can positively impact the local economy
i.e. After the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona,the city’s tourism incomes has incresed
After the Games,hosting cities have better sports facilities,transportation and Worldwide known reputation
Olympic Games promotes the host to a Globally known city
5- INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE
INTERNATIONAL OLYMPICS COMMITTEE
IS THE GOVERNING BODY OF THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT
Here are some of the roles of IOC;
° to make sure that there is the spirit of fairplay and no violence
° to support the organisation and sports competitions
° to place sport at the service of humanity and to promote peace
° to act against any kind of discrimination
° to encourage the principle of equality of men and women
° to fight against doping in sport
6- COMMERCIALIZATION
Commercialization of the Olympic Games
• Until the year 1972, the International Olympic Committee refused money from corporate sponsors. After the retirement of President Avery Brundage, the IOC began seriously considering the potential of television advertising markets that were being made available for it. The Olympic brand had managed to grow very big and many international sponsors wished to promote their products with its help.
• Under the suitable guidance of Juan Antonio Samaranch, the IOC harnessed the entire potential of the television. Till the year 1972, the IOC was run on a very meager budget. Avery Brundage, the president of the IOC from the year 1952 to the year 1972, refused to open the IOC’s doors to commercial sponsors because he believed that because of their influence, the decision making authority of the IOC would be mitigated.
• When he retired, the total amount of assets the IOC had was $2 million. However, after 1972, there was complete change in the way of thinking amongst the members of the IOC. In the next eight years, they managed to accumulate assets worth $45 million. In the year 1980, Juan Antonio Samaranch was elected president of the IOC and he had an aim of making the IOC financially independent.
• When he retired, the total amount of assets the IOC had was $2 million. However, after 1972, there was complete change in the way of thinking amongst the members of the IOC. In the next eight years, they managed to accumulate assets worth $45 million. In the year 1980, Juan Antonio Samaranch was elected president of the IOC and he had an aim of making the IOC financially independent.
• The Summer Olympics of the year 1984 witnessed a revolutionary change in the amount of money generated by the Organizing Committee. The committee managed to amass a total surplus of $225 million via sponsorship deals. The IOC then looked for the possession of the sponsorship rights. Samaranch started a new program called TOP (The Olympic Program) in order to increase the Olympic brand value. To acquire a membership in TOP, a company has too shell out $50 million for four years. If a company becomes a member, then it has the right to use the Olympic symbol i.e. the intersecting rings, in its advertisements.
• The Winter Olympics of 1956 were the first Olympic Games to be broadcasted on television to the entire world. Because of the widespread acceptance, the Winter Olympics of 1960 had their rights of broadcasting sold to huge broadcasting networks such as European Broadcasting Union and CBS, who paid heavy sums of money. The sale of broadcasting rights was one of the main reasons because of which the IOC managed to accumulate a huge amount of money. The costs of the rights kept increasing and CBS had to pay a staggering $375 million to obtain the broadcasting rights for the Nagano Olympics of 1998. NBC had to shell out an enormous sum of approximately $3.5 billion in order to broadcast the 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012 games.
7- SYMBOLS
THE OLYMPIC SYMBOLS
•RINGS AND FLAG•TORCH AND FLAME
•MEDALS•MOTTO
•OLIVE WREATH•MASCOT
RINGS AND FLAG
•The flag includes five rings coloured - blue, black, red,
yellow and green.
•The colours are very important because each of the countries
forming the Olympic Family has one of these colours as part of their
national flag.
FLAME AND TORCH
•The flame is lit in
ancient Olympia, Greece and
is then transported,
mostly by foot, to the site
where the next Olympics are
held.
Runners carry the torch with the Olympic Flame for short distance. This relay ends at the day of the opening ceremony in the central
stadium of these Games.
And the final carrier lit the olympic flame in the stadium and this flame is kept alight for the entire length of the
games.
THE MEDALS
The medals awarded to first, second and third place are a major
feature of the Olympics. Gold, Silver and Bronze medals are
awarded.
MOTTOThe Olympic motto is "Citius,
Altius, Fortius." These three Latin words mean “Faster, Higher,
Stronger."
OLIVE WREATH
Another important symbol is the Olive Wreath
(also called ‘kotinos').
This is a branch of olive tree
formed into a circle. This was
the ancient award for Olympic
champions.
You may think that a branch of a tree was a ‘cheap’ award,
however, the olive tree was sacred to ancient Greeks.
OLYMPİC MASCOTThe Olympic Mascot, an
animal or human figure
representing the cultural heritage
of the host country, was introduced
in 1968.
8-CEREMONIES
9- SPORTS
OLYMPİC
GAMES
Nefise HACIBEBEKOĞLU
SPORTS
AMATEURİSM AND PROFESSİONALİSM
AMATEURİSMAmateurism is performing something not
for economical matters but for pleasure. Therefore, the amateur can be described as an eager person who does not has an economical expectations.
Amateur sport can be described as sports which is not done for an income or award.
A person who has not the purpose of earning money, plays for pleasure can be described as an amateur player.
PROFESSİONALİSM
A profesional player acquires a profesion in a branch of sports for an expectation of income.
As it is seen, the disdinction between amateur or profesional players depends on the revenue generation in response to sportive activities.
The term of profesionality expresses professing for profit instead of having the purpose of fun.
10- CONTROVERSIESBOYCOTS –POLITICS- TERRORISM
OLYMPIC GAMES
CONTROVERSİES
Nefise HACIBEBEKOĞLU
BOYCOTTS
Sport has social, psychological and economical impacts both on players and the other sporting actors.
In the competitions people do not only become winners or loosers. They also satisfy their economical and social expectations.
Competitions also be an issue of an effort which reflects ethnic, nationalist, religious and political fight.
POLITICS
TERRORİSM AND VİOLENCE
The reason of the violence in sport is that the society and individuals do not perceive sport as a single game.
The feeling of winning or losing, the facts which affects players and take players backward or forward seperate sports from games. This is the source of violence in sports.
The reasons of violence in sports• Social reasons• Individual reasons• Legal reasons
Economical conditions, social environment or family structure can be the sources of individual reasons.
Behaving harshly or resorting to violence is not only practiced by economically and socially underdeveloped class.
The violence can be because of the society. The individuals who do not injure anybody can behave harshly in groups by the power of supporters and with the confidence of having partners.
The violence in sports is not restricted by followers. There are also other factors which can be cause of violence. For instance, the behaviours of security officers, directors, arbiters, media members or the inadequate qualities of sport areas can be other reasons for the violence.
Actually, sport does not creates violence. It just mediates people to externalize their instinct of violence. The source of violence is not sport but the people.
11- CONTROVERSIESDRUGS-DISCRIMINATION
DOPİNG
Doping threatens your health…
It is against the Sports Ethics…
adversely affect the career of the athlete…
GENDER AND RACİAL DİSCRİMİNATİONİN SPORT
Sports branches according to gender
Who plays sport ?
Gender equality is contrary to
Racing cannot playRacing cannot win
No racism there ıs peace…
12- CITIZENSHIP
CITIZENSHIP
IOC rules for citizenship
Reasons for changing citizenship
Citizenship changes and disputes
IOC rules for citizenship
The Olympic Charter requires that an athlete be a national of the country they compete for.
Dual nationals may compete for either country, as long as three years have passed between when the
competitor competed for his former country.
However, if the NOCs and IF involved agree, the IOC
Executive Board may reduce or cancel this period.
This waiting period exists only for those who previously competed for one nation and want to
compete for another.
If an athlete gains a new or second nationality, they do not have to wait any designated amount of time before
participating for the new or second nation.
The IOC is only concerned with issues of citizenship and nationality after individual nations have granted
citizenship to athletes.
Reasons for changing citizenship
Sometimes, athletes become citizens of new nations solely for the purpose of competing in the
Olympics.
This usually happens either because people are drawn to sponsorships and training facilities in places like the United States
or because an athlete does not qualify in their original country.
This is usually because there are many qualified athletes in an athlete’s home country and they want to be able to participate as well as help the team of their new country.
Between 1992 and 2008, there were about fifty athletes that have emigrated to the United States to compete on the US Olympic
team after having previously competed for another nation.
Citizenship changes and disputes
One of the most famous cases of changing nationality for the
Olympics was Zola Budd, a South African runner who emigrated to
the United Kingdom because there was an apartheid-era ban on the Olympics in South Africa.
Budd was eligible for British citizenship because her grandfather was born there,
but British citizens accused the government of expediting the citizenship process for her.
13-THE BEST CHAMPIONS AND MEDALISTS THROUGHOUT THE HISTORY OF OLYMPICS
14-HOST NATIONS AND CITIES
15-THE ROLE OF OLYMPIC VOLUNTEERS
THE ROLE OF OLYMPIC
VOLUNTEERS
Volunteers have been key to the success of the Olympic Games since they were first used during the 1948 Games in London.
They take on a wide variety of roles at the Olympic during the Games: from welcoming visitors to filling in forms,transporting athletes, helping out behind the scenes in the Technology team.
Olympic volunteers give their time and energy and that’s the key to the Games' success.
They’re called ‘Games makers’
16-THE EVOLUTION OF SPORTS THROUGH THE OLYMPICS
THE EVOLUTION OF SPORTS THROUGH THE OLYMPICS
• From the long-defunct tug-of-war to the resurrected tennis matches , the Olympics have evolved dramatically over the years while a few elements remain forever a part of the games.
• The inaugural modern games in 1896 offered nine sports, compared to 28 at the Olympics in London
• In the intervening decades, various events have come and gone, including baseball, golf, water motorsports and demonstration sports such as ballooning and American football.
The number of sports played during the Summer Games has grown
dramatically since 1896
Sports at the Inaugural modern Olympics
• The first Modern Olympics in 1896 consisted of nine sports, all of which are currently included in the Summer Games:
• Athletics• Cycling• Fencing• Gymnastics• Shooting• Swimming• Tennis• Weightlifting• Wrestling
Olympics in London showcase 28 officially recognized sports
• Aquatics (1896),Diving (1904),Swimming (1896),Synchronized Swimming (1984),Water Polo (1900)
• Archery (1904) Athletics (1896) Badminton (1992) Basketball (1936)• Boxing (1904) Canoe/Kayak (1936),Flatwater (1936),Slalom (1972)• Cycling (1896),Road Cycling (1896),Track Cycling (1896),Mountain Biking
(1996),BMX (2008)• Equestrian (1900),Jumping (1900),Dressage (1912),Eventing (1912)• Fencing (1896) Field Hockey (1908) Football/Soccer (1900)• Gymnastics (1896),Artistic Gymnastics (1896),Rhythmic Gymnastics
(1984),Trampoline (2000)• Handball – Team (1936) Judo (1964) Modern
Pentathlon (1912)• Rowing (1900) Rugby (1900) Sailing (1900)• Shooting (1896) Softball (1996) Table Tennis (1988)• Taekwondo (2000) Tennis (1896) Triathlon (2000)• Volleyball (1964),Volleyball (1964),Beach Volleyball (1996)• Weightlifting (1896) Wrestling (1896),Greco-Roman (1896),Freestyle
(1904)
Note that some of these events were not offered during every Summer Olympic Games between their initial appearance and now. For example, tennis was an Olympic sport from 1896 to1924. It was then removed from Olympiccompetition. But tennis has been played again atthe Olympic level since 1988.
• Along the way, very few sports have featured in every single Games: athletics, cycling, fencing, gymnastics and swimming.
• The most recent additions are taekwondo, triathlon and trampolining, all of which were added in 2000.
• Golf and rugby sevens will make their debuts in 2016.
• Among the sports that have fallen off the Olympic list are are polo, baseball and tug-of-war
17- EXAMPLES OF OVERCOMING PROBLEMS
EXAMPLES OF OVECOMING PROBLEMS IN THE OLYMPICS
THE OLYMPICS HAVE SEEN BOTH ITS GOOD AND BAD DAYS DURING ITS JOURNEY FROM EARLY B.C. TO THIS DAY.
SOME OF THE MAJOR ISSUES, WHICH CAUSED PROBLEMS, WERE POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT, DOPING, BOYCOTIİNG AND VIOLENCE.
AND THE INJURIES
SWIMMING INJURIES
• The main injuries associated with swimming are shoulder injuries, rotator cuff tendonitis often in the form of or other overuse problems caused by not taking adequate rest between sessions.
ATHLETICS INJURIES
Injuries in athletics will always occur because athletes are consistently pushing themselves to achieve better results.
FOOTBALL INJURIES
Football is very much a contact sport and there are many impact injuries that frequently occur. Football head injuries like lacerations and concussion are common, as are shoulder fractures, broken fingers and even whiplash.
WRESTLING INJURIES
• Football and wrestling are the two high school sports that have the highest risk of serious injury to athletes
• The most serious wrestling injuries affect the shoulder, elbow, knee and neck.
BOXING INJURIES
• Boxing injuries are unavoidable because of the confrontational and aggressive nature of the sport.
• head injuries in boxing are common, making it an incredibly dangerous sport. A large percentage of boxers are said to sustain some kind of brain injury during their career
WEIGHT LIFTING INJURIES
• Weight training injuries are often muscular injuries that result from an athlete pushing themselves too hard to go further with what they can lift.
GYMNASTICS INJURIES
Gymnastics injuries are incredibly common as the sport involves stretching, jumping, twisting, extending and all of the other motions that often lead to injury.
• Gymnastic injuries can range from strained, pulled and torn muscles to dislocated, fractured and broken bones
18- STORIES OF COMPANIONSHIP AMONG THE ATHLETES
COMENIUS PROJECT
NİMET BAHRI KUTLUÖZEN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL ANKARA-TÜRKİYE
‘’ STORIES OF COMPANIONSHIP AMONG THE ATHLETS’’
Tek satırlık yazılarımın soldan sağa doğru serilmesini tercih ederim.
INSPIRATIONAL OLYMPIC STORIES
The Olympic spirit is best expressed in the Olympic Creed:
"The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well."
INSPIRATIONAL OLYMPIC STORIES
THE JAMAICAN BOBSLED TEAM,CALGARY 1988
INSPIRATIONAL OLYMPIC STORIES
THIS IS JAMAICA, AS YOU SEE JAMAICA AND SNOW DON’T GO TOGETHER
HOW COULD JAMAICA, A COUNTRY OF YEAR ROUND SUNSHINE AND BEACHES, POSSİBLY COMPETE WITH
SNOWBOUND PLACES LİKE NORWAY İN A SPORT LİKE BOBSLEDDİNG
INSPIRATIONAL OLYMPIC STORIES
INSPIRATIONAL OLYMPIC STORIES
The team consisting of Devon Harris (Lieutenant in the Second Battalion, Jamaican Army) , Dudley Stokes (Captain from the JDF Air Wing ), Michael White ( A private in the National Reserves ), and Nelson Stokes (A railway engineer) debuted at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta. There they quickly became a fan favorite largely because of their status position as the ultimate ‘underdog’ story of the games.
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INSPIRATIONAL OLYMPIC STORIES
Not only was there the novelty of having a tropical country compete in a cold-weather sport, but they had very little practice going down a bobsled track before, and they borrowed spare sleds from other countries to compete. In a show of worldly brotherhood, other bobsledders were quick to give them guidance and support.
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INSPIRATIONAL OLYMPIC STORIES
PROVİNG ONCE AGAİN: İMPOSSİBLE İS NOTHİNG
INSPIRATIONAL OLYMPIC STORIES
LAWRENCE LEMIEUX, THE CANADIAN SAILOR IN FINN CLASS, SEUL 1988
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INSPIRATIONAL OLYMPIC STORIES
On September 24, 1988, the sailing competition was underway at Pusan, 450 kilometers from SouthKorea capital of Seoul, the main Olympic site. At the time, the 470 and Finn classes were running races on their respective courses. The wind suddenly picked up…
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INSPIRATIONAL OLYMPIC STORIES
Sailing conditions suddenly turned dangerous, 15 knot wind escalated to 35 knot and the sea became choppy…
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INSPIRATIONAL OLYMPIC STORIES
Seeing two sailors thrown into the water from the Singapore team, Lawrence abondened the race and rescued them…
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INSPIRATIONAL OLYMPIC STORIES
He was second in the race at that time, due to the rescue he finished in 22. place. The İnternatıonal Yacht Racing Unıon decided to award him with the 2. place.
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INSPIRATIONAL OLYMPIC STORIES
INDEED, WINNING IS NOT EVERYTHING
