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Why are we here?
• An opportunity to discuss the practical application of Unified Command concepts – focusing on the first 30 minutes of a response
• To build a culture of better understanding and applying a confident approach to Unified Command concepts
Discussion
• Successfully transition from Incident Command to Unified Command
• Gain an understanding other first responders’ perspectives, needs, and mission
• Increased confidence applying Unified Command concepts in multidiscipline responses
• Understanding how Unity of Command can still be maintained in a Unified Command environment
3
How Will This Benefit Me and My Organization/Jurisdiction?
Strong Unified Command PROMOTES Mission Success
4
Reality !
First on Scene – Law Enforcement – Initial Actions:
• Block Traffic
• Request Additional Units
• Check Victims
• Request Fire & EMS
• Call for Wreckers
> Fire & EMS Arrive On Scene (Actions Change)
• Move into Investigative Mode
• Document, Discovery, Etc..
• Clearing Vehicles
• Clean Up
• Return to Service
Reality !
First on Scene Fire & EMS – Initial Actions:
• Block Traffic
• Establish Incident Command
• Scene Size-Up, Assessment
• Check for Victim(s)
• Request Additional Units
• Initiate Extrication, Treatment, Hazard Control
• Transport patients – Ground or Air
• Clean Up
• Documentation
• Return to Service
Reality ? ? ?
Law Enforcement – I’m in charge, why are they messing with my
scene?
– This is going to be a lot of paperwork!
– Traffic is backing up!
– Why are those fire engines blocking those lanes?
– Why do they keep taking people before I get their information?
– Why are they sending the patient to the farthest hospital?
Reality ? ? ?
Fire/EMS – I’m in charge, why are they messing with my
scene?
– Why are they blocking the scene? We need to get our trucks closer!
– They are worried about investigating the cause while we still have victims to transport!
– Why is LE delaying EMS response to the hospital?
Reality ? ? ?
VDOT – I’m in charge, its my road
– They are worried about investigating the cause, I need to open the roadway!
– Why are the lanes blocked, nothing is going on?
– Why wont they tell me what's going on?
– The TOC’s calling, I don’t know what to tell them!
Fix Reality !
Our Objectives are the SAME!
Establish Unified Command
• Incident Command:
– Single agency responsible
– Single set of objectives
• Unified Command:
– All agencies with responsibility to set common objectives
– Allows for joint decisions
– Maintains unity of command
RANK DOES NOT MATTER!
Right person - Right place - Right job
Incident Command VS. Unified Command
Advantages of Using Unified Command
• A single set of objectives is developed for the entire incident
• A collective approach is used to develop incident objectives
• Information flow and coordination are improved
• No agency’s legal authority is compromised or neglected
• Each agency has complete knowledge of the plans and actions
• Duplicative efforts are reduced or eliminated increasing the overall cost-effectiveness of the effort and minimizing potential conflicts
Establish Command
• Situational Awareness
– Units - Conditions - Actions - Needs (UCAN)
• U - What units are responding, what units are needed?
• C - What conditions are we confronted with?
• A - What actions are we taking?
• N - What resources do we need?
– Identify priorities
• L-I-P
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Establish Command
• Someone has to be in charge at the beginning
• Establish Command EARLY
• Who establishes command?
– Depends….
• Who has the biggest stake in the incident?
• Who does it logically make sense to be Command?
– If Agencies can’t agree….
• ESTABLISH UNIFIED COMMAND!!!
– Ensures that all aspects of response, including objectives are agreed upon
Establish Command
• Check in with Incident Commander
• Receive a brief on the incident
– What is going on?
– What has or is happening at this time
– What is planned to happen in the future
• Communicate Agency-Specific Issues
– Agency’s role in the response
– Concerns with current or planned operations
Establish Command
• Communications
– On scene
– TOC
• Command Post
– Who?
– What?
– Where?
– When?
– Why?
Who responds?
• Fire
• EMS
• Local Law Enforcement
• State Police
• VDOT/Contractor
• VDEM or Local EM
• Towing and Recovery
• Medical Examiner
• Media
The Incident Action Plan
Unified Command Shall:
Develop an initial action plan
Based on initial size-up and assigned resources
So that responding resources can be deployed to control the incident and provide for scene safety
• The IAP is how the tactical priorities will be achieved
• Based on Size-up
• Identifies how the available resources will be deployed and the need for additional resources
• The objective is to put the right number and type of resources in the right place to deal with the incident
• The IAP shall be revised as required
The Incident Action Plan
AAR’s methods include: • Informal
• Hot-wash (on-secene) • Debriefing back at the station
• Formal • After-action review • Post-incident analysis • Written Report
After Action Review
After Action Reviews are an important leadership responsibility. An AAR is centered on four questions: • What was expected to happen? • What actually occurred? • What went well and why? • What can be improved and how?
After Action Review
Questions?