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WHS AP Psychology
Unit 1: Science of Psychology
Essential Task 1-3:Trace the growth of psychology with specific attention to structuralism and functionalism in the early years.
We are here
The Science of Psychology
Approaches to Psych
Growth of Psych
Research Methods Statistics
Descriptive Correlation Experiment
Case Study
Survey
Naturalistic Observation
Descriptive Inferential
Ethics
Sampling
Central Tendency Variance
Careers
Essential Task 1-3:
• Early Psychology– First Lab – Wundt– Structuralism – Titchner– Functionalism – William James
• Psychoanalytic – Freud• Behaviorism – Pavlov, Watson and Skinner• Cognitive Revolution• Contemporary Trends in Psychology
Outline
Early Psychology - Wundt
• Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Liepzig in 1879. By insisting on measurement and
experimentation he moves psychology from a philosophy to a science
Outline
This is my lab!
Structuralism
Bradford Titchner School of psychology
that stressed the basic units of experience (physical sensation, feelings, and memories) and the combinations in which they occur.
Study these ‘atoms of experience’ to get the structure of the mind
Break this down to its atoms of experience
How do you know what this is?How is your mind structured in
order to perceive it?
So what is this?
And this? How’s structuralism working for you now?
Functionalism William James
Rejects Structuralism Influenced by Darwin
Functionalism –theory of mental life and behavior that is concerned with how an organism uses its perceptual abilities to function in its environment.
Functionalists wanted to the whole system of mental processes rather than focusing on the tiny elements elements of consciousness
Functionalism also emphasized individual differences, which had a profound impact on education.
Structuralism vs. Functionalism
How would each study this situation?
Psychodynamic Psychology
• Sigmund Freud• Behavior results from forces at
work within the individual, often at an unconscious level. Often formed during childhood.
• Late 1800s• Since the person can’t access
their own unconscious, it is hard to prove or disprove this theory scientifically.
Psychodynamic = Unconscious
Behaviorism
• Studied only observable behaviors• Studied how organisms learn behaviors.• Classical Conditioning – learning that results
from things happening to you.– Ivan Pavlov – Dogs– John B. Watson – Baby Albert
• Operant Conditioning – learning that results from getting rewards or punishments.– B.F. Skinner – Skinner Box
Behaviorism
The Cognitive Revolution
• The precursors to cognitive psychology:– Gestalt psychology
• Study of how we perceive objects as whole patterns• Therapy that wishes to treat the whole person
– Humanistic psychology• Emphasizes realization of full potential• Recognizes importance of love, self esteem,
belonging, and self-actualization
The Cognitive Revolution
• Study of mental processesThinkingLearningFeelingRememberingDecision making
New Directions in Psychology
• Evolutionary psychology– Studies the adaptive value of behaviors
and mental processes• Positive psychology
– Study of the subjective feelings of happiness and well-being
– Focus is on positive attitude