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Who’s Who In Coaching:Who Shaped It, Who’s Shaping It
Vikki G. Brock
November 1, 2006ICF Research Symposium
Doctoral Study Intent
Provide an accurate recording of the emergence of the coaching field:
• Recognize the influence of related professions
• Value the contributions of pioneers
• Include divergent perspectives
This is a collaborative effort for the benefit of coaching.
Research ApproachLiterature search (2005-2006)
– Internet
– Books
– Periodicals, newsletters, etc
Survey (4th quarter 2005)– 1310 respondents
Interviews (2006)– Over 150 people
Content
• Related Professions Influence
• Early Coaching Timeline
• Key Influencer Relationships
• Professional Coaching Associations
• Geographical Timeline
1950s
1879
1880s
MANAGEMENT
PSYCHOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY
SOCIALPSYCHOLOGY
ORGANIZATIONDEVELOPMENT
NEW AGE MOVEMENT
CONSULTING
LEADERSHIP
FACILITATION
PERSONNEL FUNCTION HUMAN RESOURCES
1843
1970s
1838
1930s-1950s
1973
1977
Mid-1980s1900
19th Century
1890s
LINGUISTICS
ADULT LEARNINGTRAINING
12-STEP PROGRAM1935
ADULT DEVELOPMENT*ADULT EDUCATION
1926
HPM1960s
SUCCESS MERCHANTS1937-1960
HUMANISTIC
MENTORINGPERFORMING ARTS
19th Century 1945 21st Century
ANTHROPOLOGY1800
BIOLOGY
Identified Influence from SurveyOther Influencing Discipline
ECONOMICS
PHILOSOPHY
SPORTS
1960s
Apprenticeships
TRANSPERSONAL1950s
Coaching Timeline
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
The Managerial Grid book
Beckhard OD Leader-Coachrelationship
CCL consultant-coach leadership work
OD coachinginfluenced by: Wheatley, Covey, Goleman, SengeGardner, Nevis, Cooperrider
BUSINESS COACHING INFLUENCES
Inner Game LTD
Large Group Awareness Training (LGAT)
• est• Leadership
Dynamics• LifeSpring• etc.
Personal Dev. Training•Mind DynamicsEsalen founded -explore “Human Potential”
1930s•Dale Carnegie•Napoleon Hill
1950s•Earl Nightingale•Norman Vincent Peale•L. Ron Hubbard “Scientology”•Transcendental Meditation
•Maxwell Maltz“Cybernetics”•Jose Silva “Silva Mind Control”•Thomas Harris “I’m OK, You’re OK”
Landmark Forum
PDI offers Exec. Coaching
Transformational Technologies
PERSONAL COACHING INFLUENCES
Self-help industry includes 12-step programs
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
Performance Coaching for
Managers book
Linkage Inc
APA Executive Coaching
1978 Coaching for Improved Work Performance (Fournes)
1979 Coaching: Beyond Management (Selman)A Manager’s Guide to Coaching (Megginson)
1980 Inner Game (Gallwey)Inner Game Ltd (Whitmore)
1981 Personnel Decisions International (PDI) offers Executive Coaching (Peterson)
1984 Transformational Technologies (Sellman/Erhard)
1987 The Coach: Creating Partnerships for a Competitive Edge (Stowell/Starcevich)
1987 Results Unlimited (Sally Hedges)
Early Business CoachingBooks, Services and Workshops
Early Personal CoachingBooks, Services and Workshops
1989 College for Life Planning (Leonard)
1992 Coaches Training Institute (CTI)Coach University
1998 Co-Active Coaching (Whitworth, Kimsey-House, Sandahl)
1998 Evoking Excellence in Others (Flaherty)
Julio Olalla
David Peterson
Michael Cavanagh
Fernando Flores
Rey CarrDavid
Megginson
Anthony Grant
Randall White
Frederic Hudson
David Clutterbuck
Philosophy
Psychology
Richard Kilberg
CANADA
UNITED S
TATE
S
UNITED KINGDOM
Pauline Willis
David Lane
Stephen Palmer
AUSTRALIA
Mentoring
Robert Witherspoon
James Flaherty
Jeff Auerbach
Patrick Williams
Linda Page
CHILE
Julio Olalla
Worked for WEA
SPORTS
Actors Information Project1979-1990
Madeleine Homan Rick TamlinCynthia Loy Darst Eric KohnerDavid Matthew Prior Isabel Parlett
Sponsored through
Amnesty International
Werner Erhard Associates (est)
Founded 1971
Sir John Whitmore
Fernando Flores
Thomas Leonard
Laura Whitworth
Henry Kimsey-House
Timothy Gallwey
James Flaherty
Jay Perry
ACTING
FINANCE
Transformational TechnologiesCo-founded 1984
Jim Selman
13 OtherFranchises
Alan Collins
Werner Erhard
Corporate Division
Individual Focus
Rafael Echeverria
1982
UK 1975
1974
1990s
New Ventures West
Newfield Network
ONT
OLO
GIC
AL
1976
1982
1975
Management and Consulting
Ken Blanchard Robert
Hargrove
1990
1985
Werner Erhard “est”Warren Patrick Penn “Leadership Dynamics ”Ravelle, White, Hanley, Afremow “Lifespring”Thomas Willhite “PSI World Seminars”Howard Nease “Personal Dynamics”Alexander Everett “Inward Bound”John Quinn “Lifestream”Bob White “Life Dynamics” (Japan)John Enright “ARC Seminars”Stewart Emery “Actualizations”Randy Ravelle “Context Associated”
Esalen Carl Rogers Timothy LearyRobert Bly B. F. SkinnerFritz Perls Gregory BatesonAlan Watts Richard AlpertStanislav Grof Milton Erickson
Findhorn Spiritual and New Age FocusDavid Spangler
1974 May Lectures (UK)Sir John Whitmore- Werner Erhard, Gestalt, Psychosynthesis- Brought Findhorn and Esalen together
1930s Dale CarnegieNapoleon Hill
1950s Earl NightingaleNorman Vincent PealeL. Ron Hubbard “Scientology”Maxwell Maltz “Cybernetics”Jose Silva “Silva Mind Control”
1960s Alexander Everett Mind Dynamics”
Organization Development
1950s
Findhorn1962UKEsalen
1962USA
National Training Laboratories (NTL)
1947 USA
Success Merchants
1930s-1960sUSA
Tavistock1946 (1921)
UK
Large Group Awareness
Training (LGAT)1970s-1980s
Transpersonal Psychology
1970sHumanistic Psychology
1950s
“T” and “S” Groups1960 Edwin Nevis1970s John Carter
Tim Gallwey—Sports 1974
Performance
Personal Development
Transpersonal Psychology
Humanistic Psychology
Carl RogersAbraham Maslow
Fritz PerlsVirginia SatirAlbert Ellis
Roberto AssagioliAldous HuxleyStanislof Grof
Michael MurphyAlan Watts
Werner ErhardAlexander Everett
Joe SilvaL. Ron HubbardDale CarnegieNapoleon Hill
Sir John WhitmoreGraham Alexander
Myles Downey(and many others)
Business/ Organization
CoachingUnited Kingdom
United States
Jim SelmanWerner Erhard
(and many others)
Transformational Technologies
1980
1980
1984
1975
• National Training Laboratories (NTL)
• Tavistock• Gestalt PrinciplesBusiness
Coaching
Organization Development
Psychology
Marshall GoldsmithJim SelmanFernando FloresMary Beth O’Neill
Management Consulting
Richard KilburgDavid PetersonRobert WitherspoonRandall WhiteAnthony GrantDavid Lane
Frederic Hudson
Adult Learning and Development
David MegginsonKen BlanchardStephen CoveyFerdinand Fournies
Leadership Development
Sir John WhitmoreTimothy GallweyGraham AlexanderMyles DowneyRichard Strozzi-Heckler
Sports
David ClutterbuckDavid MegginsonEric Parsloe
Mentoring
New York Coaching AlliancePersonnel Decisions Inc.
Hudson InstituteNational Coaching Network
Int’l Assn Ontological CoachesCoaches Training Institute
Collaboration 1990
International Coach
Federation 1998 & on
Coach U
Founded 1992Sold 1996 toSandy Vilas
Coachville
Founded June 2, 2001
International Associationof Coaches
Launch 1995Spun off 1997
Idea in May 2002Spun off March 11, 2003
Coaches TrainingInstitute
Co-Founded 1992
Laura WhitworthHenry Kimsey-HouseKaren Kimsey-House
Professional and Personal
CoachesAssociation
1995
Became one in
Dec.1997
College for Life
Planning1989-1991
International Association of Personal and
Professional Coaches1993
Invite
d—de
cline
d
International Coach
Federation 1997
Coaching Associations
1994 1995 1996 1997 ⇔ 2002 2003 2004 2005
IAPPC PPCA
ICF
PCMA NABC WABCCanada
EMCC
IAC
AC
APECS
ACTO ICCO GSAEC
BPS-SGPC
APS-IGPC
Australia
JCAJapan1999
CCAChina
United States
United Kingdom
European
Geographical Spread of CoachingEarliest Coaching Program or Company
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
United States – Inner Game “Timothy Gallwey”
United Kingdom – Inner Game “Sir John Whitmore”
Switzerland
Austria
France
Hong Kong - China
JapanAustraliaSingapore
KoreaItaly
Beginnings of CoachingBusiness Coaching1980 United States – Timothy Gallwey
United Kingdom – Sir John Whitmore
Personal Coaching1989 United States – Thomas Leonard
Common Threads Worldwide1960s-80s Humanistic & Transpersonal Psychology1970s-80s Large Group Awareness Training1980s Consulting, OD & Leader Development
In Summary…
Werner Erhard popularized personal growth
Thomas Leonard popularized coaching
Neither founded either field