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Whole-of-Country Approach to Rural Transport – Indian
Experiences
Why Whole-of-country Approach
■ About a billion of World Population lacks adequate transport connectivity
– And there are many more who have lost it due to lack of maintenance
■ About US$95 trillion needed for infrastructure to meet SDGs
■ Transport is not just about building roads, it is about
– social and economic integration of people - for better income, jobs, SDGs
– Providing them regular access to markets, growth opportunities, and services
■ We need a whole-of-country approach to produce impacts on scale
– integrating transport and development, various modes, programs, funding sources,
geographical regions, institutions, and stakeholders
Strengthen policy and Financing
framework
Modernize transport institutions
for high performance
Integrated planning for optimal
use of various transport modes
Effective delivery of transport
Infrastructure
Maintenance of build
infrastructure
Attention to transport services,
safety, climate change and
logistics
Identifying 6 Focus Areas
Turning
Inefficiency
Scenario
into
Efficiency
More
services
per INR
Implementation delays
Neglect of maintenance
Limited capacity
High Costs
Difficult terrains
Congestion
Unutilized potential of waterways
Lack of coordination
Big infrastructure deficit
Floods & Natural Calamities
Outdated practices
Missing Bridges
Scattered Population
Land Issues
Challenges Way forward
1
2
3
4
5
6
Inadequate monitoring
Many challenges by there is a way forward
Typical Example of Whole of Country Approach
Meg
hala
ya G
row
th S
trate
gy -
agri
cult
ure
, to
uri
sm,
SM
Es,
liv
elih
oo
d …
….
Middle
Income
Meghalaya More jobs, better
income and SDGs
A well connected, efficient, good quality, transport
system
Integrated
transport
development
Plan
Innovations
in
infrastructure
delivery:
Climate
Resilience
Effective
Asset
Management
Sound sector
polices and
financing
framework
High
performing
institutions:
Increased
human
capital
Efficient
transport
operations:
Services,
safety
- Case study of PMGSY
■ A US$ 40 billion national level rural roads program
■ Main source of funding diesel cess
■ Started in 2000 as part of GOI poverty reduction strategy
■ Objective: all-weather road access to all habitations above 500 (250) population
– About 560,000 km roads delivered and 145,000 habitations connected
■ Structured framework of delivery
– Standardized procedures for project delivery
– Three tier quality assurance mechanism
– On-line Monitoring and Management and Accounting System
– Five year inbuilt maintenance provision in civil contracts
■ Partnership at national, sub-national, and local levels, and citizens
■ Continued improvement and enhancement culture
World Bank Engagement in PMGSY
National Workshop
US$8 million TA
Rural Roads I project
US$400 m
PMGSY Rural Roads Project US$1.4 billion
Supported many good
practice examples and
governance changes:
core network, ESMF,
Operations Manual,
Procurement and
contract
management,
maintenance, capacity
building, R&D,
technical documents
US$500
million
Additional
Financing for
PMGSY RR
Policy and Financing Framework
■ Policy Effeteness
– Rural Roads Vision 2020
– Rural Road Policy Framework
■ National and State
– National Maintenance policies
– State Level Maintenance
Polices
– Road Sector Modernization
Plan
■ Financing Framework
– Cess on Diesel and Petrol
– Maintenance Funds
– Market Fess
– Multilateral Funding
– Government Budgets
– Financing framework for
maintenance yet to be
strengthened
Integrated Transport Network Development Plans
■ Integrated transport planning for various transport modes
– Air, railways, roads, waterways, local paths, and foot-bridges
– Reducing logistics costs from 14 percent to 10 percent of GDP
– For optimal performance of economy and social services
■ agriculture, industries, business
■ Social services – health, education, social welfare
■ Governance, law and order
■ Regional integration and international trade
■ Optimizing network efficiency
– Internal and national corridors
– Primary, secondary, tertiary, and local network
– Network is often non-coherent and fragmented
Optimal network for rural roads PMGSY Core Network
Design Innovations to save about 20 percent Costs
IRC SP72
Guidelines for Low Cost Surface
Treatment
Best Practice Guide for Design
and Construction of Hill Roads
Innovative Designs of Bridges
and Culverts
Sand deposited due to floods Marble dust
MoorumKota stone
Local materials and industrial byproducts
Sand deposits due to
floods
Design innovations
Pre-Cast Bridges and Culverts
12
Increasing Green Cover
• Road Side plantation
• Use of bio-engineering measures for
slope protection and erosion control
• Preservation of top soil and
rehabilitation of borrow areas
20 23 20 54 80 90 158 129 164
234 238 139 193
306
153
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Fund Utilisation (Rs. in
crore)
Effectively Managing the Rural Road Assets
Road Data Collection - Hawkeye
15
Digital Cameras (2)
Pavement and R-O-WDGPS
DMI (Distance Measuring Instrument)
Laser Profiler
(2 Wheel Paths)
Vision, Strategy and Action Agenda for Entire State Road Network
Annual and Multi Year Fund Requirement (INR crore), At 2016 Prices
Year
SH & MDR Rural Roads Urban Roads Bridge Total
Grand TotalMaintenance
Developm
entMaint. Dev. Maint. Dev. Maint. Dev. Maint. Dev.
2018 104 7808 1134 1964 147 430 5 165 1391 10367 11758
2019 9 8672 483 1964 3 175 4 126 499 10937 11436
2020 135 7259 542 1964 5 175 4 126 687 9524 10211
3 yr Action Agenda 248 23739 2159 5892 155 779 14 417 2576 30828 33404
2021 185 6089 899 1964 9 175 4 126 1097 8354 9451
2022 283 4131 83 1964 28 175 5 40 398 6310 6708
2023 372 3652 347 1303 321 175 5 0 1045 5130 6175
2024 600 2362 1232 1303 28 175 5 0 1865 3840 5705
7 yr Strategy 1688 39974 4720 12427 542 1478 32 584 6982 54463 61445
2025 599 2245 931 1303 31 175 5 0 1565 3723 5289
2026 555 2221 929 1303 34 175 5 0 1523 3699 5222
2027 420 2192 1716 1303 253 175 5 0 2393 3670 6064
2028 578 2314 433 1303 322 175 5 0 1338 3792 5129
2029 538 2599 877 1303 34 175 5 0 1454 4077 5531
2030 977 2688 1868 1303 76 175 5 0 2925 4166 7091
2031 920 2543 1706 1303 78 175 5 0 2709 4021 6730
2032 871 1992 1704 1303 161 175 5 0 2742 3470 6212
15 yr Vision 7147 58770 14882 22853 1532 2875 70 584 23631 85082 108713
Effective Institutions
■ National and State level Rural Road Development Agencies
■ Partnerships between national, state, and local governments, and academic institutions and
stakeholders
■ Grievance redressal – my sadak app
■ On-line Monitoring, management, and accounting systems
■ Human resources professional development agency
■ Well defined engineering and business procedures
■ Focus on research and new ways of doing business
Engineering and Business procedures
2017-2022
http://pmgsyonline.nic.in OMMAS Homepage
21
Mainstreaming Gender
■ Gender Based Employment Opportunities
■ Maintenance contracts implemented through
women self help groups
■ Studies on Improved Rural Transport Services for
Women
Challenges and possible Enhancements
■ Inefficient program delivery specifically in low capacity states
– Delays in procurement and execution of works, quality issues, low
value for money
■ High unit costs: Inefficient designs, behind the time technologies
■ Growing but still inadequate attention to maintenance
■ Low Institutional Effectiveness
■ Limited coverage: exclude small habitation, major bridges, existing
network deficiencies
Rural Roads Sector Evolution
• Strong Political Support
• Inefficient sector management
• Low Value for money
Pre PMGSY
Future
• Network efficiency • Green and climate resilience roads • Construction focus to manage the assets • Improved institutional effectiveness • HRD Development Strategy • Center of excellence • Better performance of low capacity states • Expanding PMGSY framework to non-
PMGSY roads • Road Safety • Transport services/agri. supply chain • Use of IT based tools• Strengthening partnerships • Readiness for PMGSY III • Harnessing private sector capacity • Gender
PMGSY Now
• Organized framework• Core network • Design innovations • ESMF • E-procurement • Contract Management • 3 tier quality system• Maintenance focus • OMMAS• Capacity Building • Partnerships
A well connected, efficient, and safe transport system in a cost-effective way … unlocking under-
utilized growth potential … 8 percent economic growth…. high middle income Meghalaya
Currently we are only 20 percent there
Visualizing our Vision: Project Concept
THANK YOU
26
Ashok kumar, senior highway engineer, The World Bank, New Delhi, India,