Whole Body Terms Dr. Michael P. Gillespie

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1

Whole Body Whole Body TermsTerms

Dr. Michael P. Dr. Michael P. GillespieGillespie


Chapter Goals

D

efine terms that apply to the structural organization of the body.

I

dentify the body cavities and recognize the organs contained within those

cavities.

L

ocate and identify the anatomical and clinical divisions of the abdomen.

L

ocate and name the anatomical divisions of the back.


Chapter Goals

B

ecome acquainted with terms that describe

positions, directions, and planes of the body.

I

dentify the meanings for new word elements and use

them to understand medical terms.


Structural Organization of the Body

C

ELLS

T

ISSUES

O

RGANS

S

YSTEMS



C

ells—Fundamental units of all

living things

M

ajor parts of a cell include:• chromosomes• nucleus• cell membrane• cytoplasm


Structural Organization of the BodyC

ELL—the fundamental unit of all living things


m

etabolism

a

nabolism

c

atabolism

c

ell membrane

c

hromosomes

c

ytoplasm

D

NA

Study Section 1e

ndoplasmic reticulum

g

enes

k

aryotype

m

etabolism

m

itochondria

n

ucleus


Structural Organization of the BodyC

ells are specialized to carry

out individual functions.

S

ome cell types• Epithelial cell• Fat cell• Nerve cell• Muscle cell





T

issues

D

ifferent tissue types include: Epithelial Tissue Muscle Tissue Connective Tissue Nerve Tissue



O

rgans: Different types of tissue combine to form

an organ

S

ystems: Groups of organs working together to

perform complex functions


a

dipose tissue

c

artilage

e

pithelial cells

h

istologist

l

arynx

p

harynx

p

ituitary gland

Study Section 2t

hyroid gland

t

rachea

u

reter

u

rethra

u

terus

v

iscera


C

ranial

T

horacic

A

bdominal

P

elvic

S

pinal

Body Cavities and Organs

Brain

Lungs and heart

Stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas

Portions of the small and large intestines, bladder, rectum

Nerves of the spinal cord

Cavity Cavity Organ(s)Organ(s)


Body CavitiesI

dentify the body cavities in

the figure


Body CavitiesB

ody cavities are the

spaces within the body

that contain internal

organs (viscera).


QUICK QUIZ:

1. Which body cavity contains the

pleural cavity and the mediastinum?

A. cranial

B. pelvic

C. spinal

D. thoracic


QUICK QUIZ:

2. Which body cavity contains

the peritoneum?A.abdominalB.pelvicC.spinalD.thoracic


Organs of the Abdominopelvic and Thoracic Cavities


Organs of the Abdominopelvic and Thoracic Cavities


a

bdominal cavity

c

ranial cavity

d

iaphragm

d

orsal (posterior)

m

ediastinum

Study Section 3p

leura

p

leural cavity

s

pinal cavity

t

horacic cavity

v

entral (anterior)


Abdominopelvic Regions

Regions

• Right Hypochondriac region• Left Hypochondriac region • Epigastric region • Right Lumbar region• Left Lumbar region • Umbilical region • Right Inguinal region• Left Inguinal region• Hypogastric region






Abdominopelvic Quadrants

Q

uadrants • Right upper quadrant (RUQ) • Left upper quadrant (LUQ)• Right lower quadrant (RLQ) • Left lower quadrant (LLQ)






Anatomical Divisions of the Back

C

ervical

T

horacic

L

umbar

S

acral

C

occygeal






QUICK QUIZ:

3. Name the abdominopelvic region

that is located in the central region

near the navel.A. inguinalB. umbilicalC. lumbarD. hypochondriac


QUICK QUIZ:

4. Name the abdominopelvic region

that is located in the lower middle

below the umbilical region.A. inguinalB. epigastricC. lumbarD. hypogastric


Positions, Directions, and Planes of the Body

Positional and Directional Terms • Anterior (ventral) • Posterior (dorsal) • Deep • Superficial • Proximal • Distal • Inferior • Superior


Positional and Directional Terms





P

ositional and Directional Terms (cont’d)• Medial• Lateral• Supine• Prone



P

lanes of the Body • Frontal (coronal) • Sagittal (lateral) • Transverse (cross-sectional or axial)






Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes

a

bdomin/o abdomen

a

dip/o fat

a

nter/o front

b

ol/o to cast (throw)

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning



c

ervic/o neck (of the body or uterus)

c

hondr/o cartilage

c

hrom/o color

c

occyg/o coccyx (tailbone)




crani/

o skull

cyt/o

cell

dist/o

far, distant

dors/o

back portion of the body



Combining Forms, Suffixes and Prefixes

h

ist/o tissue

i

li/o ilium (of the pelvic bone)

i

nguin/o groin

k

ary/o nucleus




l

ater/o side

l

umb/o lower back

m

edi/o middle

n

ucle/o nucleus




p

elv/i pelvis

p

oster/o back, behind

p

roxim/o nearest

s

acr/o sacrum




s

arc/o flesh

s

pin/o spine, backbone

t

hel/o nipple

t

horac/o chest

t

rache/o trachea, windpipe




u

mbilic/o navel, umbilicus

v

entr/o belly side of the body

v

ertebro vertebra(e), backbone(s)

v

iscer/o internal organs




a

na- up

cata- down

epi- above

hypo- below

inter- between

meta- change




-eal pertaining

to

-iac pertaining to

-ior pertaining to

-ism process,

condition

-ose pertaining to,

full of

-plasm formation

-somes bodies

-type picture,

classification

SuffixSuffix Meaning Meaning


QUICK QUIZ:

5. Which term means process

of cutting the skull?A. thoracotomyB. craniotomyC. diskectomyD. arthroscopy


Pronunciation Guide Review

ā

as in āpe

ē

as in ēven

ī

as in īce

ō

as in ōpen

ū

as in ūnit

ă

as in ăpple

ĕ

as in ĕvery

ĭ

as in ĭnterest

ŏ

as in pŏt

ŭ

as in ŭnder


PronunciationE

xamples:

a

dipose ĂD-ĭ-pōs

c

audal KAWD- ăl

d

istal DĬS-tăl

t

rachea TRĀ-kē-ă

Documents

Whole Body Terms Dr. Michael P. Gillespie