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Brain in Gear – Describe two features
GCSE 4 mark “Describe” question:
Describe two features of the Viking raid on Lindisfarne Monastery.
(4 marks)
Extension:
How long should you spend on this question?
What should you remember to do?
What should you remember not to do?
The Viking Invasions
14/09/2020Today’s Title:
Key Words:
Danegeld = A tax collected by English kings to give to the Vikings so they would leave.
Heathen = A person who does not believe in Christianity
The Viking Invasions
The Danelaw
This lesson:
Next lesson:
Who were the Vikings?
Previous lesson:
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this lesson you will:
- Outline Viking invasions of 865-878 AD
- Re-create events together in chronological order.
Is large scale
military spending
justifiable?
Fundamental British Values: Individual Liberty
Vikings in England
In 793 AD the Vikings first arrived in England. They attacked a religious monastery called Lindisfarne on an island in the North East of England. This was the first of many Viking raids that took place over the next few decades. These raids usually involved quick and violent attacks by small
groups of Viking warriors who attacked weak, badly defended Anglo Saxon villages, towns and holy places in order to get slaves and money.
However, in the year 865 AD there was a new kind of attack. This one was much larger, involving hundreds of longboats and thousands of
warriors. They came with their families and with all their possessions. These warriors were here to stay. Anglo Saxons at the time called this
attack the “Great Heathen Army”.
Your TaskRead through the information cards. Put them in order so that they tell the correct story of the Great Heathen Army. Do not glue them in until I have checked your order first.
HINT:The first card in the story is Card D. Look for links between the cards. How do they match?
CHALLENGEWhat ways would England be different today if Alfred had not won the Battle of Edington? Write a paragraph in your book.
D K
F C
AJ
L
B
H
I
E
G
Glue in these maps and explain how the Viking invasions of 865-878 changed England.
England before 865 England after 878
Why was Anglo-Saxon England such an easy target for the Vikings?
On average, about 50% of your GCSE history marks come from your explanations and your analysis. We need to get used to presenting clear
and detailed explanations of our points. On the sheet are different reasons why the Anglo-Saxon kings struggled
against the Viking invasions of 865 AD - 878 AD. For each one write 1-2 full sentences that explain in detail why that
factor meant that it was easier for the Vikings to attack.
One good technique is to “explain it twice”, for example:King Alfred was a talented and experienced military leader. This meant that in battles he was able to react quickly and effectively to changing
situations, as a result he was able to defeat the Vikings several times and forced them into a surrender.
I was able to present a more detailed explanation by using this technique.
There are many reasons why the Anglo-Saxon kings failed to hold off the Viking invaders.
The Anglo-Saxon kings did not trust each other. This meant that…
The Anglo-Saxon kings were disorganised and all tried different ways to deal with the Viking armies. For example…
The invading Vikings were experienced, hard and well trained professional warriors. The Anglo-Saxons did not have a professional army and most of their fighters were farmers who were forced to fight. As a result…
The Viking army was very mobile and hard to pin down, they only fought when they knew they could win and would not stay in one location for long. This meant that…
The Anglo-Saxons were terrified of the heathen Norse warriors. They had frightening Gods, spoke a strange language and seemed to be like devils. Because of this…
I think that the most significant reason why Anglo-Saxon England was such an easy target for the Vikings was…
Start the discussion:• I believe that ___ because...• In my opinion ___ because...• One argument may be that ___ because...• I’d like to make the point that…
Agree:• I support your point that ___ because of…• Your opinion is reasonable because...• I agree with your statement because...• Your argument is a valid one because...
Build:• Building on what... said...• In addition to ...’s statement...• I agree with your point, but should add that…• Your argument is a good one, however it needs...
Challenge:• This opinion could be questioned because…• My own view is contrasting with yours because...• I would like to challenge your argument because...• I disagree with your statement for a number of reasons...
What do you think was the MAIN REASON why Anglo-Saxon England was such an easy target for the Vikings?
What do you think was the MAIN REASON why Anglo-Saxon England was
such an easy target for the Vikings?
Question 1:
Describe two features of the Viking raid on Lindisfarne Monastery.
(4 marks)
Feature 1:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Feature 2:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Question 1:
Describe two features of the Viking raid on Lindisfarne Monastery.
(4 marks)
Feature 1:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Feature 2:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ther
e ar
e m
any
reas
ons w
hy th
e An
glo-
Saxo
n ki
ngs f
aile
d to
hol
d of
f the
Vik
ing
inva
ders
.
The
Angl
o-Sa
xon
king
s did
not
trus
t eac
h ot
her.
This
mea
nt th
at…
The
Angl
o-Sa
xon
king
s wer
e di
sorg
anise
d an
d al
l trie
d di
ffere
nt w
ays t
o de
al w
ith th
e Vi
king
ar
mie
s. F
or e
xam
ple…
The
inva
ding
Vik
ings
wer
e ex
perie
nced
, har
d an
d w
ell t
rain
ed p
rofe
ssio
nal w
arrio
rs. T
he A
nglo
-Sa
xons
did
not
hav
e a
prof
essio
nal a
rmy
and
mos
t of t
heir
fight
ers w
ere
farm
ers w
ho w
ere
forc
ed
to fi
ght.
As a
resu
lt…
The
Viki
ng a
rmy
was
ver
y m
obile
and
har
d to
pin
dow
n, th
ey o
nly
foug
ht w
hen
they
kne
w th
ey
coul
d w
in a
nd w
ould
not
stay
in o
ne lo
catio
n fo
r lon
g. T
his m
eant
that
…
The
Angl
o-Sa
xons
wer
e te
rrifi
ed o
f the
hea
then
Nor
se w
arrio
rs. T
hey
had
frig
hten
ing
Gods
, spo
ke
a st
rang
e la
ngua
ge a
nd se
emed
to b
e lik
e de
vils.
Bec
ause
of t
his…
I thi
nk th
at th
e m
ost s
igni
fican
t rea
son
why
Ang
lo-S
axon
Eng
land
was
such
an
easy
targ
et fo
r the
Vi
king
s was
…
Prac
tice
your
exp
lana
tions
.
Belo
w a
re d
iffer
ent r
easo
ns w
hy th
e An
glo-
Saxo
n ki
ngs s
trug
gled
aga
inst
the
Viki
ng in
vasio
ns o
f 86
5 AD
-87
8 AD
. For
eac
h on
e w
rite
1-2
full
sent
ence
s tha
t exp
lain
why
that
fact
or m
eant
that
it
was
eas
ier f
or th
e Vi
king
s to
atta
ck.
Why
was
Ang
lo-S
axon
Eng
land
such
an
easy
targ
et fo
r the
Vik
ings
?
D) The first ever Viking raid in England happened in 793 AD on the holy island of Lindisfarne. The monastery was attacked and destroyed. Over the next few decades Vikings begin to attack England, Scotland and Ireland regularly.
K) The kingdoms of England had gotten used to Viking raids, but in 852 there was a much larger attack. Hundreds of Viking ships landed in England, where they stayed all winter before returning to Scandinavia. This troubled the English kings – why had they come?
F) Finally, the powerful kingdom of Wessex tried to hold off the Vikings. They were doing a good job until their leader, King Ethelred died. His talented brother, Alfred became the new King of Wessex. He decided to pay the Vikings Danegeld so that they would leave.
C) After being paid Danegeld to leave Wessex, the Vikings returned to York. They spent a couple of years rebuilding their exhausted army. They kept demanding payment from the other English Kingdoms, King Buhred of Mercia refused and in 874 AD the Vikings returned and destroyed his army, conquering Mercia.
A) With their new capital city and thousands of new Viking ships arriving to support them, the Great Heathen Army were eager for more. They attacked the Mercian city of Nottingham. King Bruhed of Mercia and King Ethelred of Wessex teamed up to try and fight them, but were beaten.
J) After destroying Kent the Vikings headed north, to Northumbria. Here two Anglo-Saxon men were fighting each other to be king. The clever Vikings were able to defeat and kill both kings easily and conquer the divided kingdom. York became their capital city and they renamed it “Yorvik”.
L) King Alfred may have been hiding in the swamps, but he was not beaten. He sent out messages and raised a new army. He set out to fight the Vikings once more, and this time at the Battle of Edington he destroyed the Great Viking Horde.
B) In 865 the Norse launched a full scale invasion. 10,000 battle hardened warriors landed on the east coast of England. Led by two brothers, Ivar the Boneless and Halfdan Ragnarson, they were a terrible threat to the English kingdoms. The English called this invasion the “Great Heathen Army”.
H) After destroying Buhred’s army, the Vikings now controlled all the English kingdoms apart from Wessex. In 878 AD they returned to finish the job. They fought and beat back King Alfred of Wessex, almost destroying his army and forcing him to hide in the swamps of south west England.
I) With his army beaten, King Bruhed of Mercia decided to pay the Vikings Danegeld to stop attacking him. The Vikings moved to East Anglia. The King of East Anglia decided to fight, but his army was destroyed and he was captured. The Vikings violently killed him, terrifying the other English kings.
E) After the terrible Battle of Edington, the Vikings were finally beaten. King Alfred made a deal with them. It said that the Vikings could keep the land that they already controlled (The English called this new land the “Danelaw”), but they could not attack any more Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. The Vikings agreed and England was finally at peace.
G) The Great Heathen Army landed in Kent, in the South-East of England. The King of Kent tried to pay them “Danegeld” a large amount of money so that they would leave. They took the Danegeld but attacked Kent anyway, destroying many towns and cities.
D) The first ever Viking raid in England happened in 793 AD on the holy island of Lindisfarne. The monastery was attacked and destroyed. Over the next few decades Vikings begin to attack England, Scotland and Ireland regularly.
K) The kingdoms of England had gotten used to Viking raids, but in 852 there was a much larger attack. Hundreds of Viking ships landed in England, where they stayed all winter before returning to Scandinavia. This troubled the English kings – why had they come?
F) Finally, the powerful kingdom of Wessex tried to hold off the Vikings. They were doing a good job until their leader, King Ethelred died. His talented brother, Alfred became the new King of Wessex. He decided to pay the Vikings Danegeld so that they would leave.
C) After being paid Danegeld to leave Wessex, the Vikings returned to York. They spent a couple of years rebuilding their exhausted army. They kept demanding payment from the other English Kingdoms, King Buhred of Mercia refused and in 874 AD the Vikings returned and destroyed his army, conquering Mercia.
A) With their new capital city and thousands of new Viking ships arriving to support them, the Great Heathen Army were eager for more. They attacked the Mercian city of Nottingham. King Bruhed of Mercia and King Ethelred of Wessex teamed up to try and fight them, but were beaten.
J) After destroying Kent the Vikings headed north, to Northumbria. Here two Anglo-Saxon men were fighting each other to be king. The clever Vikings were able to defeat and kill both kings easily and conquer the divided kingdom. York became their capital city and they renamed it “Yorvik”.
L) King Alfred may have been hiding in the swamps, but he was not beaten. He sent out messages and raised a new army. He set out to fight the Vikings once more, and this time at the Battle of Edington he destroyed the Great Viking Horde.
B) In 865 the Norse launched a full scale invasion. 10,000 battle hardened warriors landed on the east coast of England. Led by two brothers, Ivar the Boneless and Halfdan Ragnarson, they were a terrible threat to the English kingdoms. The English called this invasion the “Great Heathen Army”.
H) After destroying Buhred’s army, the Vikings now controlled all the English kingdoms apart from Wessex. In 878 AD they returned to finish the job. They fought and beat back King Alfred of Wessex, almost destroying his army and forcing him to hide in the swamps of south west England.
I) With his army beaten, King Bruhed of Mercia decided to pay the Vikings Danegeld to stop attacking him. The Vikings moved to East Anglia. The King of East Anglia decided to fight, but his army was destroyed and he was captured. The Vikings violently killed him, terrifying the other English kings.
E) After the terrible Battle of Edington, the Vikings were finally beaten. King Alfred made a deal with them. It said that the Vikings could keep the land that they already controlled (The English called this new land the “Danelaw”), but they could not attack any more Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. The Vikings agreed and England was finally at peace.
G) The Great Heathen Army landed in Kent, in the South-East of England. The King of Kent tried to pay them “Danegeld” a large amount of money so that they would leave. They took the Danegeld money but attacked Kent anyway, destroying many towns and cities.
CORRECT ORDER
Question 1:
Describe two features of Scandinavian life and society between 700 AD – 1066 AD.
(4 marks)
Feature 1:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Feature 2:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
