Who lives where, and Who lives where, and Why?Why?

AP Environmental ScienceAP Environmental Science

Mrs. PerrymanMrs. Perryman

AdaptationsAdaptations

Organisms “want” to Organisms “want” to be well suited to their be well suited to their environment.environment.

Kangaroo Rat

AdaptationsAdaptations

HabitatHabitat Mohave DesertMohave Desert Extreme Heat during Extreme Heat during

the daythe day Extreme cold at nightExtreme cold at night Little WaterLittle Water Plants adapted with Plants adapted with

small seedssmall seeds

Adaptations-Structures Adaptations-Structures and behaviorsand behaviors

Living in BurrowsLiving in Burrows Cheek pouches open Cheek pouches open

to their shoulders for to their shoulders for more storage.more storage.

Foot StompingFoot Stomping Kicking sandKicking sand specialized kidney’s specialized kidney’s

that allow them to that allow them to conserve water.conserve water.

AdaptationsAdaptations

An inherited trait An inherited trait that increases the that increases the chances that an chances that an individual organism individual organism can survive IN can survive IN THAT HABITATTHAT HABITAT

What are some of What are some of the adaptations of the adaptations of the polar bear?the polar bear?

Will they survive?Will they survive?

Natural SelectionNatural Selection

Unequal survival Unequal survival and reproduction and reproduction that results from that results from the presence or the presence or absence of absence of particular traits.particular traits.

Kangaroo Rat vs Urban Rat

Five Points of Evolution byFive Points of Evolution by

All organisms have the ability to produce All organisms have the ability to produce more offspring then can survive.more offspring then can survive.

The environment contains “things” that kill The environment contains “things” that kill organisms.organisms.

Individuals in a population vary Individuals in a population vary genetically, or differ, in their traits.genetically, or differ, in their traits.

Some inherited traits give individuals an Some inherited traits give individuals an advantage in coping with environmental advantage in coping with environmental change.change.

Individuals with advantageous traits tend Individuals with advantageous traits tend to survive and reproduce more offspring.to survive and reproduce more offspring.

EvolutionEvolution

A change in the A change in the genetic genetic characteristics of a characteristics of a population from population from one generation to one generation to the next.the next.

Peppered Moth

Natural SelectionNatural Selection There is variation in traits.There is variation in traits.

For example, some beetles are For example, some beetles are green and some are brown. green and some are brown.

There is differential There is differential reproduction.reproduction.Since the environment can't support Since the environment can't support unlimited population growth, not all unlimited population growth, not all individuals get to reproduce to their individuals get to reproduce to their full potential. In this example, green full potential. In this example, green beetles tend to get eaten by birds beetles tend to get eaten by birds and survive to reproduce less often and survive to reproduce less often than brown beetles do. than brown beetles do.

There is heredity.There is heredity.The surviving brown beetles have The surviving brown beetles have brown baby beetles because this brown baby beetles because this trait has a genetic basis. trait has a genetic basis.

End result:End result:The more advantageous trait, brown The more advantageous trait, brown coloration, which allows the beetle coloration, which allows the beetle to have more offspring, becomes to have more offspring, becomes more common in the population. If more common in the population. If this process continues, eventually, this process continues, eventually, all individuals in the population will all individuals in the population will be brown. be brown.

Critical Factors and Tolerance Critical Factors and Tolerance LimitsLimits

ExtinctionExtinction

The irreversible The irreversible loss of a speciesloss of a species

ExtirpatedExtirpated

An organism that was An organism that was once found in a once found in a region, is no longer region, is no longer found in that found in that location, but still location, but still exists.exists.

In Illinois the Wolf is In Illinois the Wolf is considered extirpated considered extirpated (although there have (although there have been some unconfirmed been some unconfirmed sightings in Southern and sightings in Southern and Central Illinois)Central Illinois)

Darwin and WallaceDarwin and Wallace

Darwin publishes Darwin publishes Origin of Species in Origin of Species in 18591859

Types of EvolutionTypes of Evolution

Divergent- on Divergent- on ancestor becomes ancestor becomes many speciesmany species

Convergent- Convergent- unrelated species unrelated species begin to look alike begin to look alike usually do to usually do to ecosystem ecosystem demandsdemands

Co-Evolution-Co-Evolution-process in which process in which many protective or many protective or defensive defensive adaptations exert adaptations exert selective pressureselective pressure

Convergent EvolutionConvergent Evolution

Co-EvolutionCo-Evolution

  Bumblebees and the flowers they pollinate have co-evolved so that both have become dependent on each other for survival.