Who Is My Enemy? by Rich Nathan, Excerpt

8/6/2019 Who Is My Enemy? by Rich Nathan, Excerpt

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/who-is-my-enemy-by-rich-nathan-excerpt 1/35



U` waot tb màr crbg ybu. Ziàs` sòd ybur nbggòts afbut tmls

fbbh tb us lo nar` bc zr`vl`wJzbod`rvao.nbg. Tmaoh ybu.

Umb Ls Gy @o`gy2

Nbpyrlemt © 6::6 fy Vlnm Oatmao

V`qu`sts cbr locbrgatlbo smbuid f` addr`ss`d tb;

[bod`rvao, Eraod Vaplds, Glnmleao 4<0>:

Ilfrary bc Nboer`ss Nataibeloe-lo-Zufilnatlbo Data

Oatmao, Vlnm, 1<00-.

Umb ls gy ò`gy2 ; wìnbgloe p`bpi` tm` nmurnm r`k`nts / Vlnm Oatmao.

p. ng.

Loniud`s flfilberapmlnai r`c`ròn`s aod lod`x.

L^FO <5=-:->1:-6>==6-<

1. Nmurnm aod tm` wbrid. L. Tlti`.

FV110.U3 O63 6::6

631—dn61 6::1::0>=6

Aii ^nrlptur` qubtatlbos, uoi`ss btm`rwls` lodlnat`d, ar` tahò crbg tm` Mbiy Flfi`, O`w Lot`roatlboai S`rslbo®. OLS®. Nbpyrlemt © 1<5>, 1<5=, 1<=4 fy Lot`roatlboai Flfi` ^bnl`ty.

Ps`d fy p`rglsslbo bc [bod`rvao. Aii rlemts r`s`rv`d.

Aii rlemts r`s`rv`d. Ob part bc tmls pufilnatlbo gay f` r`prbdun`d, stbr`d lo a r`trl`vai

syst`g, br traosgltt`d lo aoy cbrg br fy aoy gàos—ì`ntrboln, g`nmaolnai, pmbtbnbpy,

r`nbrdloe, br aoy btm`r—`xn`pt cbr frl`c qubtatlbos lo prlot`d r`vl`ws, wltmbut tm` prlbr

p`rglsslbo bc tm` pufilsm`r.

Lot`rlbr d`sleo fy ûsao Agfs

Zrlot`d lo tm` Polt`d ^tat`s bc Ag`rlna



Tb Gariò`, gy wlc` aod f`st crlòd,

Crbg ybu L clrst màrd tm` g`ssae`

tmat K`sus“ ibv` ls cr``.

Tmrbuem ybu L daliy c`ì

tmat K`sus stlii ibv`s g`.

Ultm ybu L waot tm` wbrid tb hobw

tmat K`sus“ ibv` ls tru`.

Tb ybu L pray gy ilc` tb smbw

tmat K`sus ls lo ibv` wltm ybu.



NbotòtsZr`can` <

Anhobwi`degòts 11

1. Umb Ls Gy @o`gy2 1>

Zart 1; Ls tm` Zbstgbd`rolst Gy @o`gy2

6. Tm` Mbde`pbde` bo tm` Mlemway ><>. Pod`rstaodloe tm` Zbstgbd`rolst 0>4. Tbday“s Dlv`rslty 55

Zart 6; Ls tm` C`glolst Gy @o`gy2

0. Uas K`sus a C`glolst2 1:>3. Umat mbuid U` Tmloh bc C`glolsts2 1645. Umat Vbi s Ar` Bpò tb Ubgò

lo tm` Nmurnm2 141Zart >; Ls tm` Mbgbs`xuai Gy @o`gy2

=. Kudegòt, Tbi`raon`,aod tm` pràd bc Eay Vlemts 13>

<. Pod`rstaodloe tm` Mbgbs`xuai 1=6

Zart 4; Ls tm` O`w Ae`r Gy @o`gy2

1:. A Nibs`r Ibbh at O`w Ae`rs 6:<

Zart 0; Ls tm` Ilf`rai Gy @o`gy2

11. Zrantlnloe tm` Uìnbg` bc tm` Hloedbg 6>5

Appòdlx; Ilstloe bc U`f Ilohs 630

Obt`s 63=

Lod`x 6=3



<

Zr`can`Bo ^`pt`gf`r 11, 6::1, t`rrbrlsts mlkanh`d cbur kugfb k`ts clii`d

wltm fuslo`ssp`rsbos, studòts, wlv`s, musfaods, Nmrlstlaos, obo-

Nmrlstlaos, nmlidrò, p`bpi` ilvloe wlsìy, p`bpi` ilvloe uowlsìy—

aod v`rybo` lo f`tw`ò. Twb bc tm` mlkanh`d k`ts sgasm`d lotb tm`

twlo tbw`rs bc tm` Ubrid Trad` Nòt`r lo O`w \brh Nlty, nausloe

tm` tbw`rs“ nbiiaps` aod tm` pr`sug`d dàtms bc apprbxlgatìy 0:::

p`bpi`. Aobtm`r k`t was cibwo lotb tm` sld` bc tm` Zòtaebo lo

Uasmloetbo, D.N. A cburtm k`t nrasm`d lo a rurai nbuoty sbutmàst bc

Zlttsfurem, Zòosyivaola—tm` r`pbrt`d r`suit bc a m`rbln att`gpt fy

sbg` bc tm` passòe`rs tb r`tah` tm` piao`. Lo aii, oàriy 3::: p`b-

pi` crbg =: nbuotrl`s dl`d (aitmbuem tm` pr`nls` ougf`rs ar` dlccl-

nuit tb d`t`rglo` wltm n`rtaloty at tmls pblot).

Lo tm` wah` bc tmls t`rrbrlst attanh, a oatlboaiiy hobwo Nmrlstlao

iàd`r gad` tm`s` nbggòts; ’Tm` ANIP“s ebt tb tah` a ibt bc fiag`

cbr tmls.… L ràiiy fìl`v` tmat tm` paeaos, aod tm` afbrtlbolsts, aod

tm` c`glolsts, aod tm` eays aod tm` i`sflaos wmb ar` antlvìy tryloetb gah` tmat ao ait`roatlv` ilc`styi`, tm` ANIP, Z`bpi` cbr tm`

Ag`rlnao Uay—aii bc tm`g wmb mav` trl`d tb s`nuiarlz` Ag`rlna—

L pblot tm` cloe`r lo tm`lr can` aod say, ”\bu mìp`d tmls mappò.“‗

Tmls Nmrlstlao iàd`r iat`r apbibelz`d cbr mls lot`gp`rat` r`garhs.

Mls nbggòts, mbw`v`r, nràt`d a clr`stbrg bc oèatlv` ràntlbo.

Oug`rbus `dltbrlais fiast`d tmls Nmrlstlao iàd`r. ^bg`, uocalriy L

fìl`v`, nbgpar`d mlg tb tm` t`rrbrlsts wmb mad narrl`d but tm`

attanhs.

Gy bwo màrt was frbhò fy tm` prbcbuod ianh bc Nmrlstlaowìnbg` lgpilnlt lo tm`s` nbggòts aod tm` farrl`r tmat was

`r`nt`d tmat wlii uodbuft`diy h``p sbg` crbg nbosld`rloe tm`

nialgs bc tm` ebspì. Tm` gaousnrlpt cbr tmls fbbh was nbgpi`t`d

wìi f`cbr` tm` attanhs bo tm` Ubrid Trad` Nòt`r aod tm` Zòta-

ebo, aod wìi f`cbr` tmls Nmrlstlao iàd`r“s r`garhs ealo`d sunm

obtbrl`ty. Fut lo sbg` sòs`, tm` fbbh ybu obw mbid ls gy r`spbos`

tb tm` vl`wpblot aoobuon`d obt boiy fy tmat Nmrlstlao iàd`r fut



slon`rìy mìd fy sbg` bc gy ebbd aod d`nòt Nmrlstlao frbtm`rs

aod slst`rs. L wbuid ilh` tmls fbbh tb f` ao `xtòd`d nmaiiòe` tb tm`

p`rsp`ntlv` smar`d lo tmat uocbrtuoat` tì`vlslbo lot`rvl`w. L mbp`

tmat act`r ràdloe tmls fbbh, gaoy bc gy Nmrlstlao frbtm`rs aod

slst`rs wlii ealo o`w p`rsp`ntlv`s bo tm` qu`stlbo ’Umb ls gy

ò`gy2‗ aod wlii kblo g` lo sayloe, ’U` gust stbp smuttloe tm`

dbbr bc tm` hloedbg lo tm` can`s bc tmbs` wmbg Ebd ls lovltloe lo.

U` wlii r`s`rv` bur marsm`st kudegòts cbr bursìv`s. As w` narry

but bur glolstry bc wìnbg`, w` wlii sàsbo bur gbrai staon`s wltm

prbcbuod g`rny aod nbgpasslbo cbr a murtloe wbrid.‗

1: UMB L^ G\ @O@G\2





6>5

11Zrantlnloe tm` Uìnbg` bc tm` Hloedbg

Tm` wrlt`r bc tm` @-gali was butrae`d. m` nbuido“t fìl`v` wmat

L sald tb tm` nboerèatlbo lo tm` days prlbr tb tm` iast pr`sldòtlaiì`ntlbo. ^m` wrbt` tm`s` wbrds;

L nbuido“t fìl`v` gy àrs. \bu tbid p`bpi` tb f`nbg`

locbrg`d afbut tm` lssu`s bc bur day sunm as afbrtlbo, ran`

rìatlbos, `tmlns, aod nar` cbr tm` pbbr. Tmò ybu tbid

p`bpi` tb appiy tm` Flfi` tb tm`s` lssu`s aod tb us` ao

locbrg`d Nmrlstlao nbosnlòn` f`cbr` vbtloe. \bu aisb tbid

p`bpi` tb obt slgpiy vbt` a party ilo`. Umat ls tm` gatt`r

wltm ybu2 Umy ar` ybu sb wàh2 Mbw nao ybu naii

ybursìc a Nmrlstlao pastbr aod obt lostrunt ybur

nboerèatlbo lo tm` nbrr`nt way tb vbt`2 Dbo“t ybu nar`

afbut dlsnlpiloe p`bpi`2 Ar` ybu sb acrald bc p`bpi`“s bplo-

lbos tmat ybu wbo“t tìi tm`g tm` trutm—tmat tm`r` ls boiy

bo` truiy Nmrlstlao way tb vbt` lo tmls ì`ntlbo2

Tm` r`st bc tm` @-gali, wmlnm was twb pae`s bc sloei`-span`d

nrltlnlsg, xpialo`d mbw tm` autmbr wbuid dlsnlpi` tm` nboerèatlbo

lc sm` w`r` tm` sòlbr pastbr.

Bc nburs`, gy loltlai r`spbos` was tb clr` fanh a nurt r`piy. Fut logy oàriy twb d`nad`s as a pastbr, L“g r`pàt`diy iàroloe tm` wls-

dbg bc puttloe lotb prantln` Zrbv`rfs 10;1; ’A eòti` aosw`r turos

away wratm, fut a marsm wbrd stlrs up aoe`r.‗ L fèao gy r`spbos` fy

tmaohloe tm` nbrr`spbodòt cbr m`r @-gali tb g`. L tmò prbn``d`d tb

addr`ss tm` sufstaon` bc m`r nbgpialot fy ashloe m`r s`v`rai slgpi`

qu`stlbos; Umat pr`nlsìy was tm` bo` nbrr`nt ’Nmrlstlao‗ way tb

vbt`2 Mbw `xantiy dld bo` dlsn`ro tm` nbrr`nt way2 ^lon` tm`r` ls ob

Flfi` v`rs` tmat tìis us wm`tm`r tb vbt` V`pufilnao br D`gbnrat, was





nai. K`sus o`v`r tauemt mls dlsnlpi`s tmat tm` prlgary prbfi`g lo clrst-

nòtury K`wlsm ilc` was tm` rui`rsmlp bc Kudà fy tm` Vbgaos.

Vatm`r, K`sus tauemt tmat tm` tru` ò`gy was tm` caliur` bc Ebd“s

p`bpi` tb ant ilh` tm` p`bpi` bc Ebd smbuid ant.

Lt was f`naus` tm` sait bc tm` àrtm (Ebd“s p`bpi`) mad ibst lts

saitlo`ss tmat lt f`nag` ebbd cbr obtmloe `xn`pt tb f` tmrbwo but.6

Tm` uocaltmcuio`ss bc Ebd“s p`bpi`—obt tm` antlvlty bc tmbs` butsld`

tm` nbgguolty bc caltm (tmat ls, tm` Vbgaos)—was aiways tm` cbnus

bc K`sus“ marsm`st nrltlnlsgs. Lo nbot`gpbrary nuitur`, lt wbuid obt f`

mard tb lgaelo` K`sus ashloe `vaoeìlnai aod Vbgao Natmbilnnmurnm`s sbg` pr`tty uonbgcbrtafi` qu`stlbos afbut tm` ougf`r bc

afbrtlbos br dlvbrn`s wltmlo bur bwo nmurnm`s.

Annbrdloe tb bo` afbrtlbo study nbodunt`d lo tm` gld-1<<:s, bo`

lo clv` wbgò wmb afbrt ar` ’fbro-aealo‗ br `vaoeìlnai Nmrlstlaos.

Lo 1<=<, lt was bo` lo slx, sb tm` tròd ls wbrsòloe.> A NF^/O`w

\brh Tlg`s pbii ash`d tm` cbiibwloe qu`stlbo; ’Db ybu cavbr br

bppbs` usloe tax dbiiars tb pay cbr a wbgao“s afbrtlbo lc sm` naoobt

accbrd lt2‗ Cuiiy 36 p`rnòt bc Vbgao Natmbilns cavbr`d usloe tax

dbiiars tb pay cbr a wbgao“s afbrtlbo8 boiy 46 p`rnòt bc btm`rAg`rlnaos cavbr`d tm` us` bc tax dbiiars. Umat“s gbr`, 40 p`rnòt

bc Vbgao Natmbilns fìl`v` tmat ao afbrtlbo ls a ièltlgat` d`nlslbo

’cbr aoy ràsbo durloe tm` clrst trlg`st`r,‗ annbrdloe tb a Tlg`/NOO

pbii. Lt ls apparòt tmat tm` nmurnm`s tmat mav` f`ò gbst butspbhò

rèardloe bppbsltlbo tb afbrtlbo, oagìy, `vaoeìlnai aod Vbgao

Natmbiln nmurnm`s, gust cbnus gbr` attòtlbo bo p`rsuadloe tm`

g`gf`rs wltmlo bur nmurnm`s. As tm` nbgln strlp nmarant`r Zbeb

us`d tb say, ’U` mav` g`t tm` ò`gy aod m` ls us.‗

Tm` s`nbod aod gbst trbufiloe asp`nt bc tm` Vìlelbus Vlemt“s cuod-

ralsloe i`tt`rs ls tmat tm`y bctò appài tb tm` wbrst lo us—a sìc-rlemt`bus

vl`w tmat ’slo‗ ls ibnat`d butsld` bc us ratm`r tmao a ràilty nbursloe

tmrbuem v`ry mugao màrt. Tm` r`suit ls tmat sbg`bo` wmb ls bo tm`

wrboe sld` bc a partlnuiar ’cagliy vaiu`s‗ lssu` ls rèard`d as ao

ò`gy tb f` snbro`d ratm`r tmao as a p`rsbo tb f` wbo. V`pòtaon`

ls r`qulr`d bc tm`g, fut obt bc us. Nbgpi`x lssu`s ar` r`dun`d tb

slgpilstln `ltm`r/br sbiutlbos. ^lon` w` ar` bo tm` rlemt sld` (Ebd“s

6><ZVANTLNLOE TM@ U@INBG@ BC TM@ HLOEDBG



sld`), w` nao aiways f` assur`d bc tm` uitlgat` vlntbry bc bur

partlnuiar vl`wpblot.

Aframag Ilonbio was nibs`r tb tm` trutm tmao fbtm gy `-gali

nbrr`spbodòt br tm` Vìlelbus Vlemt“s cuod-ralsloe i`tt`rs wmò m`

wrbt`, ’Lo tm` pr`sòn` bc a war, lt ls qult` pbsslfi` tmat Ebd“s

purpbs` ls sbg`tmloe dlcc`ròt crbg tm` purpbs` bc ltm`r party.‗ M`

naii`d tm` Nlvli Uar a ’puolsmgòt locilnt`d upbo us cbr bur

pr`sugptubus slos tb tm` o``dcui òd bc bur oatlboai r`cbrgatlbo as

a wmbi` p`bpi`.‗4 Ilonbio spbh` bc tm` slos bc tm` wmbi` oatlbo

ratm`r tmao cbnusloe bo bo` partlnuiar slo (siav`ry) lo bo` partlnu-iar part bc tm` nbuotry (tm` ^butm). Tm` Obrtm, as wìi as tm` ^butm,

lo Ilonbio“s glod at iàst, was lo o``d bc tm` r`cbrgatlbo aod

r`pòtaon`. Umò ash`d fy a r`pbrt`r wm`tm`r Ebd was bo tm` sld`

bc tm` Obrtm, Ilonbio ls sald tb mav` mugfiy r`spbod`d, ’Gy

nbon`ro ls obt wm`tm`r Ebd ls bo bur sld`, fut wm`tm`r w` ar` bo

Ebd“s sld`!‗ ûppbrt cbr a partlnuiar pbiltlnai pbsltlbo db`s obt lo

aod bc ltsìc pian` ao lodlvlduai bo tm` sld` bc Ebd.

N PITPV@ UAV^Lo tm` àriy 1<<:s, Kag`s Davlsbo Muot`r wrbt` a mlemiy

lociuòtlai fbbh lo wmlnm m` gad` tm` pblot tmat s`ntarlao

dlcc`ròn`s f`tw`ò Zrbt`staots aod Vbgao Natmbilns mad r`n`d`d

lo lgpbrtaon` aod obw w`r` `nilps`d fy dlvlslbos tmat rao anrbss

dòbgloatlboai ilo`s. Tm` dlvlslbo, annbrdloe tb Muot`r“s aoaiysls,

was f`tw`ò tmbs` wmb mad ao ’brtmbdbx‗ vl`w bc tm` wbrid aod

tmbs` wmb mad a ’prber`sslv`‗ vl`w.0 Br lo tm` fiuot wbrds bc Kag`s

Dbfsbo, tm` ilo`s lo tm` nuitur` ruo f`tw`ò ’tmbs` wmb say Ebd ls,

aod tmbs` wmb say Ebd ls obt.‗

Tm`bibelnai Ièailsg

Tm`r` ls a v`ry niàr ilo` tmat ruos tmrbuem Ag`rlna wltm rèard

tb n`rtalo lssu`s. Bo tm` rìlelbus crbot, tm`bibelnai ilf`railsg gay

f` vl`w`d as ao ò`gy bc flfilnai Nmrlstlaolty, lc fy ilf`railsg w`

gào a tm`bibey tmat att`gpts tb tmbrbuemiy r`nbostrunt Nmrlstlao

fìl`cs tb frloe tm`g lo ilo` wltm gbd`ro nuiturai obrgs. Mlstbrln

64: UMB L^ G\ @O@G\2ZAVT 0



Nmrlstlao fìl`cs bctò ar` afaodbo`d fy tm`bibelnai ilf`rais f`naus`

tm`y fìl`v` tm`y r`st bo butdat`d br glstahò pr`suppbsltlbos. Bo

btm`r bnnaslbos, mlstbrln Nmrlstlao fìl`cs ar` r`lot`rpr`t`d lo a

gaoo`r gbr` nbodunlv` tb tm` splrlt bc tm` ae`. Cbr `xagpi`, nò-

trai dbntrlo`s rìatloe tb tm` p`rsbo bc Nmrlst, loniudloe mls dlvlolty,

ar` r`lot`rpr`t`d tb suee`st tmat fy dlvlolty w` gào tm` gbdìloe

bc quailtl`s tb wmlnm mugaolty as a wmbi` nao asplr`.3

L mad ao uocbrtuoat` `xp`rlòn` wltm a tm`bibelnai ilf`rai sbg`

yàrs aeb. A pastbr lo bur nlty mad cbrg`d a erbup tb asslst lo cbrg-

loe a Nmrlstlao nbonlilatlbo prberag. Tm` purpbs` bc tm` piaoo`d prb-erag was tb asslst Nmrlstlaos lo s`ttiloe tm`lr dlsput`s but bc nburt.

Tm` piaooloe erbup loniud`d Nmrlstlao prbc`ssbrs bc iaw (sunm as

gysìc), Nmrlstlao attbro`ys, s`v`rai pastbrs, aod a Nmrlstlao prbc`ssbr

bc `tmlns at a ibnai s`gloary. Bo` bc tm` Nmrlstlao attbro`ys dract`d a

v`ry slgpi` stat`gòt bc caltm, wmlnm m` suee`st`d nbuid f` us`d as

a fasls cbr sì`ntloe cutur` Nmrlstlao nbonlilatlbo fbard g`gf`rs. Tm`

frl c stat gòt bc caltm nbotalo`d clv` lt`gs tmat nbuid f` nbggboiy

aer``d tb fy aii brtmbdbx Nmrlstlaos. Tm` stat`gòt bc caltm loniud`d

fìl`c lo tm` trluo` Ebd—Catm`r, ^bo, aod Mbiy ^plrlt8 fìl`c lo K`susNmrlst, wmb was cuiiy gao aod cuiiy Ebd8 fìl`c lo Nmrlst“s sanrlclnlai

dàtm cbr bur slos8 fìl`c lo Nmrlst“s pmyslnai r`surr`ntlbo8 aod fìl`c lo

Nmrlst“s r`turo tb kude` tm` wbrid.

Lt was, lo gy bplolbo, a stat`gòt bc caltm tb wmlnm a Vbgao

Natmbiln, a galoilo` Zrbt`staot, aod ao `vaoeìlnai nbuid aii elv`

màrty assòt—fut tm` prbc`ssbr bc tmlns dldo“t aer``. M` plnh`d up

tm` stat`gòt, aod lo a e`stur` bc utt`r dlsdalo, m` tmr`w lt bo tm`

cibbr aod sald, ’L dbo“t fìl`v` aoy bc tmls!‗ M` tmò ash`d wmy w`

mad tb adbpt a partlnuiar ’g`tapmyslnai pbsltlbo‗ lo brd`r tb db

Nmrlstlao nbonlilatlbo; ’Umy nao“t w` slgpiy cbiibw tm` `tmlns bc

1 Nbrlotmlaos 3, wmlnm lostrunts Nmrlstlaos tb s`tti` tm lr dlsput`s

but bc nburt wltmbut adbptloe a g`tapmyslnai pbsltlbo2‗

L r`spbod`d tmat ’1 Nbrlotmlaos 3 cbiibws 1 Nbrlotmlaos 0.‗ L wòt

bo tb say, ’Mbrlzbotai r`nbonlilatlbo f`tw`ò Nmrlstlaos ls rbbt`d lo

tm` v`rtlnai r`nbonlilatlbo bc a Nmrlstlao tb mls br m`r Nràtbr tmrbuem

tm` dàtm bc tm` Zassbv`r Iagf, K`sus Nmrlst. Lt ls f`naus` Nmrlst mas

641ZVANTLNLOE TM@ U@INBG@ BC TM@ HLOEDBG



f`ò sanrlcln`d tmat w` òeae` lo Nmrlstlao r`nbonlilatlbo.‗ L tmò

ash`d tm` prbc`ssbr wmat m` `xp`nt`d g` tb db lc L w`r` tb f` bo`

bc tm` nbonlilatbrs. L stat`d, ’L“g apprbanmloe Nmrlstlao nbonlilatlbo

wltm a wmbi` s`t bc g`tapmyslnai assugptlbos. Cbr `xagpi`, L wbuid

ash tm` partlnlpaots tb pray wltm g`. U`r` w` ràiiy prayloe tb a

Ebd wmb was tm`r`, br w`r` w` g`rìy òeae`d lo a psynmbibelnai

`x`rnls`2‗

Tm` prbc`ssbr ibbh`d at g` as tmbuem m` mad f`ò annbst`d fy a

Oàod`rtmai kust uocrbzò crbg a eianl`r sbg`wm`r` lo Er`òiaod.

M` g`rìy smbbh mls màd aod sald, ’Lt ls bfvlbus tmat ybu aod L mavòbtmloe lo nbggbo.‗ Tm`r` ls a v`ry smarp ilo` bc d`garnatlbo tmat

s`parat`s mlstbrln Nmrlstlao brtmbdbxy aod mlstbrln tm`bibelnai

ilf`railsg.5

Zbiltlnai Ilf`railsg

A smarp ilo` aisb s`parat`s flfilnai Nmrlstlaos crbg gaoy pbiltlnai

ilf`rais bo nrunlai nuiturai lssu`s sunm as tm` saontlty bc ilc` aod eay

rlemts.= Nbon`roloe tm` saontlty bc ilc`, tm` flfilnai vl`w ls tmat aii

mugao ilc` ls sanr`d f`naus` mugao f`loes ar` nràt`d lo tm` lgae`bc Ebd. Mugao slo mas obt ras`d tm` dlvlo` lgae`. F`naus` w` ar`

lgae` fàr`rs, tm` ilv`s bc tmbs` stlii lo tm` wbgf, tmbs` wmb mav`

dlsafliltl`s, aod tmbs` wmb ar` ìd`riy ar` òtlti`d tb tm` sag` ièai

aod gbrai prbt`ntlbos as ar` tm` ilv`s bc bur gbst ’prbduntlv`‗ aod

màitmy nltlzòs. Tm` ’saontlty bc ilc`‗ vl`w mbids tmat crbg tm`

gbgòt bc nbon`ptlbo tb tm` gbgòt bc bo`“s oaturai dàtm, v`ry

mugao f`loe ls accbrd`d ao loailòafi` Ebd-elvò rlemt tb ilc`.

Bo tm` btm`r sld` bc tm` nuiturai dlvld`, gaoy mbid tmat

p`rsbombbd aod aoy nbrr`spbodloe rlemt tb ilc` ar` g`r` sbnlai

nbostruntlbos. Pod`r tmls vl`w, prbt`ntlbo cbr mugao ilc` xlsts boiy

losbcar as n`rtalo lodlvlduais (sunm as tm` gbtm`r bc a c`tus) br

erbups (sunm as tm` ebv`rogòt) d`nld` tmat tmat ilc` ls vaiuafi`. ^b,

cbr `xagpi`, Z`t`r ^loe`r, wmb was lostaii`d as Zrlon`tbo

Polv`rslty“s clrst cuii-tlg` prbc`ssbr bc flb`tmlns at lts Nòt`r cbr

Mugao Saiu`s, fìl`v`s tmat tm` ilc` bc a mugao ls ob gbr` sanr`d

tmao tmat bc a ple br a nmlgpaoz``. Dlsglssloe tm` obtlbo bc nràtlbo

646 UMB L^ G\ @O@G\2ZAVT 0



lo tm` lgae` bc Ebd as a rìln bc sp`nl`slsg (tm` wrboecui ì`vatlbo

bc bo` sp`nl`s, oagìy, Mbgb saplòs, bv`r aobtm`r sp`nl`s, sunm as

nbws), ^loe`r advbnat`s a paròt“s rlemt tb hlii s`v`rìy dlsafi`d

fafl`s wltmlo twòty- lemt days bc flrtm. Tb tm` `tmlnlst ^loe`r, ao

locaot ls obt a p`rsbo, f`naus` lt ls obt sìc-awar`. Bo tm` btm`r

maod, siauemt`rloe ao aolgai (wmlnm ls sìc-awar`) wbuid f` wrboe.

^ìc-awarò`ss, obt nràtlbo lo tm` lgae` bc Ebd, f`nbg`s tm` o`w

afsbiut` cbr ^loe`r.<

Umò mugao ilc` ls d`niar`d tb f` vaiuafi` boiy at a n`rtalo stae`

(upbo flrtm br wltmlo twòty-`lemt days tm`ràct`r), br boiy lc lt lswaot`d , br boiy lc lt ls sìc-awar`, tm` dbbr ls bpò`d tb truiy

afbgloafi` prantln`s sunm as partlai-flrtm afbrtlbo. Lo ^`pt`gf`r

1<<>, Fròda Zratt ^mac`r, a rèlst`r`d ours` wltm tmlrt`ò yàrs bc

`xp`rlòn`, was assleo`d fy m`r oursloe aeòny tb ao afbrtlbo

niloln. F`naus` Ours` ^mac`r nbosld`r`d m`rsìc ’v`ry prb-nmbln`,‗

sm` dldo“t tmloh tmls assleogòt wbuid f` a prbfi`g. ^m` was

wrboe. Tmls ls wmat Fròda ^mac`r saw;

L stbbd at a dbntbr“s sld` as m` p`rcbrg`d tm` partlai-

flrtm afbrtlbo prbn`dur`—aod wmat L saw ls fraod`d

cbr`v`r bo gy glod. . . . Tm` gbtm`r was slx gbotms

prèoaot (63„1/6 w``hs). . . .Bo tm` uitrasbuod snr`ò, L

nbuid s`` tm` màrt fàtloe. As tm` dbntbr watnm`d tm`

fafy bo tm` uitrasbuod snr`ò, tm` fafy“s màrtfàt was

niàriy vlslfi` bo tm` uitrasbuod snr`ò.

Tm` dbntbr wòt lo wltm cbrn`ps aod eraff`d tm`

fafy“s iès aod puii`d tm`g dbwo lotb tm` flrtm naoai.

Tmò m` dìlv`r`d tm` fafy“s fbdy aod args—`v`rytmloe fut tm` màd. Tm` dbntbr h`pt tm` fafy“s màd kust losld`

tm` ut`rus. Tm` fafy“s iltti` cloe`rs w`r` niasploe aod

uoniasploe, aod mls c``t w`r` hlnhloe. Tmò tm` dbntbr

stunh tm` snlssbrs tmrbuem tm` fanh bc tm` fafy“s màd,

aod tm` fafy“s args k`rh`d but lo a cilonm, a starti` ràn-

tlbo, ilh` a fafy db`s wmò m` tmlohs tmat m` glemt caii.

Tm` dbntbr bpò`d up tm` snlssbrs, stunh a mlem-pbw`r`d

64>ZVANTLNLOE TM@ U@INBG@ BC TM@ HLOEDBG





p`rsp`ntlv` bc tm` Nmrlstlao“s rìatlbosmlp tb tm` ebv`rogòt,‗ lt ls

calr tb aosw`r, ’Tm`r` ar` flfilnai p`rsp`ntlv`s, fut ob sloeuiar

p`rsp`ntlv`.‗

^`nbod, obt aii ilf`rai p`rsp`ntlv`s ar` o`n`ssarliy aotlflfilnai. Cbr

`xagpi`, ilf`rais wbuid aigbst n`rtaloiy f` bppbs`d tb siav`ry.

Ilh`wls`, ilf`rais wbuid f` aealost nmlid iafbr, nlear`tt` sgbhloe,

aod ranlsg, kust as tm`y wbuid f` cbr `qultafi` wae`s, sac` wbrhloe

nbodltlbos, òvlrbogòtai prbt`ntlbo, aod wbgò“s rlemts. Bo tm`s`

aod a mbst bc btm`r lssu`s, gaoy flfilnai Nmrlstlaos wbuid clod

tm`gsìv`s lo sufstaotlai aer``gòt wltm tm` p`rsp`ntlv`s bc ilf`r-ais. Lod``d, w` aii buemt tb f` erat`cui tb ilf`rais cbr naiiloe attò-

tlbo tb lssu`s tmat ar` lo ilo` wltm flfilnai tm`g`s bc kustln`,

tbi`raon`, mugao dleolty, aod nbgpasslbo cbr tm` wàh.

Tmlrd, obt aii nbos`rvatlv` p`rsp`ntlv`s ar` o`n`ssarliy Nmrlstlao

br flfilnai. Cbr `xagpi`, a nbos`rvatlv` p`rsp`ntlv` gay f` cl`rnìy

oatlboailstln, adbptloe ao ’Ag`rlna clrst‗ gòtailty. Fut wmy wbuid

a Nmrlstlao mav` prlgary ibyaitl`s tb tm` Polt`d ^tat`s br sbg` btm`r

nbuotry, ratm`r tmao tb tm` wbrid nbgguolty bc wmlnm tm` Nmrlstlao

ls a part2 A nbos`rvatlv` p`rsp`ntlv` gay f` d`nld`diy aotl-lggleratlbo, a vl`wpblot tmat nbuid f` dlcclnuit tb squar` wltm

flfilnai lokuontlbos rèardloe tahloe nar` bc tm` ailò aod straoe`r.1>

A nbos`rvatlv` p`rsp`ntlv` gay cavbr uor`strlnt`d euo bwo`rsmlp

br uor`stralo`d cr`` ot`rprls`. Lo tm` Ag`rlnao butm, a nbos`rvatlv`

p`rsp`ntlv` wbuid mav` suppbrt`d siav`ry aod Klg Nrbw ièlsiatlbo.

Lo ^butm Acrlna, a nbos`rvatlv` p`rsp`ntlv` suppbrt`d apartm`ld. A

strboe nas` nbuid f` gad` tmat tm`s` nbos`rvatlv` vl`wpblots ar` 1=:

dèr``s but bc syon wltm tm` Flfi`.

Cburtm, gaoy pbiltlnlaos gbv` fanh aod cbrtm anrbss tm` ilo`s,

nausloe vò gbr` cuzzlo`ss. Tb nlt` bo` xagpi`, cbrg`r pr`sldòt

Flii Nilotbo (wmb was niàriy a ’ilemtoloe rbd‗ bc nbos`rvatlv`

attanh) sleo`d tm` clrst gakbr wìcar` r`cbrg iaw lo a eò`ratlbo aod

aisb sleo`d tm` D`còs` bc Garrlae` Ant, autmbrlzloe c`d`rai aeònl`s

aod stat` ebv`rogòts tb elv` ob vaildlty tb sag`-s`x garrlae`s.

Nilotbo“s stratèy bc trlaoeuiatlbo, tmat ls, mls adbptlbo bc pbpuiar

V`pufilnao aeòda lt`gs sunm as ’iaw aod brd`r,‗ napltai




puolsmgòt, aod faiaon`d fude`ts, curtm`r d`gbostrat`s mbw cuzzy

tm` ilo`s bc d`garnatlbo nao f`.

^nmbbi Zray`r aod Nuitur` Uars Vm`tbrln

Gaoy lssu`s db obt r`sbiv` tm`gsìv`s lotb tm` oàt flfilnai

v`rsus aotlflfilnai dlstlontlbos suee`st`d fy pbiltlnai cuod-ralsloe

i`tt`rs. Lo cant, tm` nbgpi`xlty bc appiyloe Nmrlstlaolty aod tm` Flfi`

tb nbot`gpbrary pbiltlnai lssu`s naoobt f` bv`rstat`d. Cbr `xagpi`,

lt ls bctò ass`rt`d tmat ’tm` prbfi`g lo bur snmbbis fèao wmò tm`

ûpr`g` Nburt hlnh`d Ebd aod pray`r but bc tm` pufiln snmbbiniassrbbg. Lc w` waot bur snmbbis tb stbp f`loe sb vlbiòt, w` slg-

piy o``d tb r`stbr` pray`r.‗ Dlsglssloe tm` qu`stlbo bc wm`tm`r a

nausai nboo`ntlbo f`tw`ò a ianh bc pufiln snmbbi pray`r aod snmbbi

smbbtloes nbuid `v`r f` `stafilsm`d, lt wbuid f` mìpcui cbr Nmrls-

tlaos tb anhobwi`de` tmat tm` lssu` bc pray`r lo pufiln snmbbis ls obt

at aii stralemtcbrward br slgpi`.

As a r`suit bc tm` lonràsloe dlv`rslty bc Ag`rlnao aod btm`r

U`st`ro sbnl`tl`s, mbw smaii w` pray lo tm` pufiln snmbbis2 Lc pray`r

ls tm` aosw`r, wmlnm pray`r smbuid f` bcc`r`d—tm` pray`r bc tm`Gusilgs tb Aiiam, br tm` pray`r bc Fuddmlsts, K`ws, Vbgao

Natmbilns, aeobstlns, ilf`rai Zrbt`staots, pbstilf`rais, ataolsts2 bg`

suee`st tmat f`naus` w` ilv` lo a d`gbnrany, tm` gakbrlty buemt tb

rui`. Kbmo Vawis, a prbc`ssbr bc pmlibsbpmy bc iaw, bon` sald, ’A kust

rui` ls a rui` tmat ybu wbuid waot appil`d lc ybu dldo“t hobw

wm`tm`r br obt ybu wbuid f` lo nmare`.‗ Gakbrlty rui` gah`s sòs`

tb a Nmrlstlao, lc tm` Nmrlstlao ls lo tm` gakbrlty.

Fut wbuid ybu, as a Nmrlstlao, waot gakbrlty rui` lc ybu ilv`d lo

a o`lemfbrmbbd lo Dàrfbro, Glnmleao, tmat ls <: p`rnòt Gusilg2

Ubuid ybu waot ybur nmlidrò sufk`nt`d tb pray`rs crbg tm`

Qur“ao2 Lc w` put lt tmls way, lt f`nbg`s àsl`r tb sygpatmlz` wltm

K`wlsm studòts lo Flfi`-Fìt T`xas tbwos wmbs` paròts bfk`nt tb

tm` r`nltatlbo bc tm` Ibrd“s Zray`r crbg ibudspàh`rs f`cbr` mlem

snmbbi cbbtfaii eag`s.

Ao ait`roatlv` tb gakbrlty rui` glemt f` tb mav` a ebv`rogòt

bcclnlai (br nbggltt``) dract a fiaod, lobccòslv`, eò`rln pray`r tb a






pbiltlnlao lo gy nlty stbbd f`cbr` a pr`dbgloaotiy Nmrlstlao prb-ilc`

erbup aod mìd up a Flfi` sayloe, ’Tm` prbfi`g wltm Ag`rlna ls tmat

w` mav` gbv`d away crbg tmls fbbh. L fìl`v` tmat tm` wbrds bc tmls

fbbh ar` tm` wbrds bc Ebd. Lc L ag ì`nt`d, L“g ebloe tb fas` gy

adglolstratlbo bo tmls fbbh.‗ Nmrlstlaos lo tm` nrbwd nm``r`d wlidiy.

A nibs` crlòd bc glo` wòt fanhstae` wltm tm` pbiltlnlao act`r tm`

sp``nm. Gy crlòd tbid g` tmat tmls pbiltlnlao turo`d tb bo` bc mls

ald`s aod sald, ’Nao ybu fìl`v` mbw stupld tmbs` . . . Nmrlstlaos ar`.

Gayf` o`xt tlg` L“ii mbid up plntur`s bc K`sus.‗

Bfvlbusiy, obt aii prbc`sslbos bc caltm fy Nmrlstlao pbiltlnlaos ar`loslon`r`. Fut stbrl`s sunm as tm` bo` gy crlòd tbid g`, br tm`

faoo`r màdilo`s afbut a Nmrlstlao prbs`nutbr lo butm Cibrlda wmb

was arr`st`d cbr sbilnltloe prbstltutlbo act`r gahloe tm` clemtloe bc

vln` a nòtrai tm`g` lo mls nagpaleo, smbuid gah` Nmrlstlao vbt`rs

wah` up aod tah` obtln`. U` dar` obt f` oalv` afbut tm` pbsslfli-

lty tmat d`niaratlbos bc caltm gay `ltm`r f` cais` br f` us`d lo a

gaolpuiatlv` way tb earo`r vbt`s.

Lc a naodldat`“s d`niaratlbo bc caltm ls obt a niàr fasls bo wmlnm

tb d`nld` wm`tm`r br obt tb vbt` cbr tmat naodldat`, aod lc gbst

lssu`s db obt r`sbiv` tm`gsìv`s oàtiy lotb a flfilnai v`rsus

aotlflfilnai crag`wbrh, tmò mbw smbuid a Nmrlstlao gah` d`nl-

slbos cbr br aealost a naodldat` br cbr br aealost a partlnuiar lssu`2

Lt ls m`r` tmat nòt`r`d-s`t tm`bry nbotlou`s tb prbvld` a sbiutlbo.

^BG@ GBD@^T ZVBZBÂI^ CBV

NMVL^TLAO Z PFILN @OEAE@G@OT

Lo nbotrast tb tmbs` wmb waot tb r`dun` aii lssu`s tb ’us‗ v`rsus’tm`g,‗ Ebd v`rsus aotl-Ebd, bur vl`ws v`rsus tm` vl`ws bc bur

ò`gl`s, L dbo“t fìl`v` tmat tm` fbuod`d-s`t iaoeuae` (s`` nmap-

t`r 1) bc nuitur`-wars rm`tbrln ls partlnuiariy mìpcui wmò dàiloe

wltm gaoy bc tm` nbgpi`x lssu`s lo bur nuitur`. Tmrbuembut tmls

fbbh, L mav` suee`st`d tmat nòt`r`d-s`t iaoeuae`, lo wmlnm w`

spàh afbut gbvloe tbward br away crbg a Nmrlstlao apprbanm,

wbuid f` car gbr` us`cui.

64= UMB L^ G\ @O@G\2ZAVT 0



Nòt`r`d-s`t iaoeuae` mas eràt appilnaflilty tb d`fat`s f`tw`ò

pbiltlnai nbos`rvatlv`s aod pbiltlnai ilf`rais. Lo tm` nòt`r bc a Nmrls-tlao“s apprbanm tb pbiltlns ar`, at a glolgug, tm` cbiibwloe nmar-

ant`rlstlns;

• A Nmrlstlao apprbanm ls nlvli.

• A Nmrlstlao apprbanm us`s p`rsuaslbo, obt cbrn .

• A Nmrlstlao apprbanm ls ràilstln.

• A Nmrlstlao apprbanm cbnus`s bo tm` galo tm`g`s bc tm`

flfilnai stbry ilo .

A Nmrlstlao Apprbanm Ls Nlvli

^bg` yàrs aeb L wrbt` a r`spbos` pap`r tb a nrltln bc tm`

nmarlsgatln gbv`gòt. Lo tmls partlnuiar fbbh, tm` nrltln nialg`d

tmat ’gbst nmarlsgatlns caii fanh bo tm` aii tbb àsy d`còs` tmat

vlrtuaiiy `v`ry nrltlqu` bc tm`lr gbv`gòt ls uocalr aod uohlod.

Obonmarlsgatlns, lotlgldat`d fy tmat annusatlbo, ar` `cc`ntlvìy

sliòn`d.‗10

Lo gy r`spbos`, L pblot`d but tmat lc tm` autmbr waot`d tb

uod`rstaod wmy nmarlsgatlns cbuod lt dlcclnuit tb r`n`lv` mlsg`ssae`, aii m` wbuid o``d tb db ls eb tmrbuem mls fbbh pae` fy

pae` aod slgpiy obt` tm` dlsparaeloe iafìs m` us`d aod tm` attanhs

m` gad` bo tm` gbtlvatlbos, lotìileòn`, aod brtmbdbxy bc

nmarlsgatlns. Aiboe tm` way, tm` autmbr annus`d nmarlsgatlns aod

Zòt`nbstais bc f`loe lggbrai8 ’h`ò, fut niuì`ss‗8 aotl-lotìi`ntuai8

obt car r`gbv`d crbg `xlstòtlailsg, mugaolsg, aod paeaolsg8 aod

f`loe p`rlibusiy nibs` tb o`b-Faailsg. M` tmò `xpr`ss`d surprls`

64<ZVANTLNLOE TM@ U@INBG@ BC TM@ HLOEDBG

NMVL^T



tmat nmarlsgatlns f`nbg` d`còslv` wmò m` ’spàhs tm` trutm lo

ibv`‗ tb tm`g.13 M` aisb nialg`d tmat nmarlsgatln fìl`c naus`d

lggbrai f`mavlbr, r`suit`d lo sibppy `xè`sls, aod tòd`d tb

prbdun` splrltuai nasuaitl`s.15 M` iugp`d nmarlsgatlns wltm obo-

Nmrlstlao iàd`rs sunm as ûo Gyuoe Gbbo, Kbs`pm ^gltm, @dear

Nayn`, aod I. Vbo Muffard. Cloaiiy, m` nlt`d tm` gbst èrèlbus

`xagpi`s bc `xn`ss`s crbg tm` nmarlsgatln aod Zòt`nbstai nagps,

lostàd bc nltloe galostràg prbobuon`gòts crbg iare` Zòt`nbstai

br nmarlsgatln dòbgloatlbos.

Lo 1<05, Nari Mòry, tmò tm` `dltbr bc Nmrlstlaolty Tbday, wrbt` anrltlqu` bc cuodagòtailsg tmat appil`s obt boiy tb tm` way w`

Nmrlstlaos spàh afbut ànm btm`r, fut aisb afbut p`rsbos wltm

wmbg w` dlcc`r nuituraiiy br pbiltlnaiiy;

Tm` rài faohruptny bc cuodagòtailsg mas r`suit`d

obt sb gunm crbg a ràntlboary splrlt—iagòtafi` as

tmls was—as crbg a marsm t`gp`ragòt, a splrlt bc

ibvì`sso`ss aod strlc` nbotrlfut`d fy gunm bc lts iàd`r-

smlp lo tm` r`nòt past. . . .

Tmls nmarant`r bc cuodagòtailsg as a t`gp`ragòt,

aod obt prlgarliy cuodagòtailsg as a tm`bibey, mas

frbuemt tm` gbv`gòt lotb nbot`gpbrary dlsnr`dlt. . . .

Mlstbrlnaiiy, cuodagòtailsg was a tm`bibelnai pbsltlbo8

boiy eraduaiiy dld tm` gbv`gòt nbg` tb sleolcy a

gbbd aod dlspbsltlbo as wìi.

Lc gbd`rolsg staods dlsnr`dlt`d as a p`rv`rslbo bc

snrlpturai tm`bibey, n`rtaloiy cuodagòtailsg, lo lts nbo-

t`gpbrary `xpr`sslbo, staods dlsnr`dlt`d as a p`rv`rslbobc tm` flfilnai splrlt.1=

Lt ls tmls uonlvli splrlt, tmls t`gp`ragòt bc ibvì`sso`ss, tmat

gaoy nbot`gpbrary nrltlns bc tm` Vìlelbus Vlemt annuratìy (lo gy

bplolbo) bppbs`. D. A. Narsbo pblots but tmat bo` bc tm` ràsbos cbr

Craonls ^nma`cc`r“s lociuòn` was mls aflilty tb pr`sòt mls aoaiysls

bc tm` nuitur` wltm a tàr lo mls `y`.1< Aitmbuem a p`rsbo gay mav`

dlsaer``d wltm ^nma`cc`r“s aoaiysls bc nuitur`, m` br sm` nbuid obt




dlsaer`` wltm ^nma`cc`r“s nbgpasslbo. Lt ls apprbprlat` tb ash

wm`tm`r tm` tbo` bc gunm bc nbot`gpbrary Nmrlstlao ilt`ratur` aod

prànmloe sbuods as tmbuem lt ls wrlttò br spbhò wltm tàrs lo bur

`y`s, br wm`tm`r lt sbuods kust pialo aoery.

A Nmrlstlao Apprbanm Ps`s Z`rsuaslbo, Obt Cbrn`

As w` Nmrlstlaos òeae` bur nuitur` bo a mbst bc lssu`s, bur gakbr

wàpbo ls p`rsuaslbo. Tm` Er``h wbrd p`ltmb g (bctò us`d lo tm`

sòs` bc ’tb nbovlon`‗ br ’tb p`rsuad`‗) ls us`d at iàst `lemt tlg`s

lo tm` fbbh bc Ants tb r`c`r tb tm` prbniagatlbo bc àriy Nmrlstlaos.Z`rsuaslbo ls gòtlbo`d a maic dbzò btm`r tlg`s lo tm` O`w

T`stagòt tb r`c`r tb tm` way àriy Nmrlstlaos att`gpt`d tb nmaoe`

p`bpi`“s glods tmrbuem ràsboloe.

Gaoy Nmrlstlaos tbday fìl`v` tm`r` ls a smbrtnut tb nmaoeloe tm`

gbrai iaodsnap` bc bur nbuotry tmrbuem tahloe nbotrbi bc h`y

pbiltlnai bccln`s. ’Lc w` nbuid boiy e`t a Nmrlstlao pr`sldòt,‗ gaoy

Nmrlstlaos c`ì, ’tmò w` nbuid turo tmls nbuotry arbuod.‗ Nai

Tmbgas bcc`r`d tmls fiàh ass`ssgòt bc Nmrlstlaos“ att`gpt tb

nmaoe` tm` gbrai iaodsnap` tmrbuem ièlsiatlbo;

Twb d`nad`s act`r nbos`rvatlv` Nmrlstlaos nmare`d lotb tm`

pbiltlnai aròa, frloeloe o`w vbt`rs aod gliilbos bc dbiiars

wltm tm`g lo mbp`s bc traoscbrgloe tm` nuitur` tmrbuem

pbiltlnai pbw`r, lt gust obw f` anhobwi`de`d tmat w` mav`

cali`d. U` cali`d obt f`naus` w` w`r` wrboe afbut bur

nrltlqu` bc nuitur`, br f`naus` w` ianh`d nbovlntlbo, br

f`naus` tm`r w`r` obt obuem bc us, br f`naus` tbb gaoy

w`r` i`tmareln aod uonbggltt`d. U` cali`d f`naus` w`w`r` uoafi` tb r`dlr`nt a oatlbo crbg tm` tbp dbwo. Vài

nmaoe` gust nbg` crbg tm` fbttbg up br, f`tt`r y`t, crbg

tm` losld` but.6:

L mav` s`ò tm` cc`nt bc ’fbttbg-up‗ p`rsuaslbo. Bur nmurnm mas

a v`ry pbpuiar ûoday `vòloe s`rvln` cbr ybuoe aduits lo tm`lr

twòtl`s. Gaoy bc tm`g mav` f`ò lociuòn`d fy pbpuiar g`ssae`s

afbut a wbgao“s rlemt tb nmbbs` aod a c`tus f`loe obtmloe btm`r






btm`r wbrds, tm` nmurnm gust f` ràilstln afbut tm` ilglts bc pbiltlns

lo glolst`rloe tb tm` frbad raoe` bc mugao o``ds lt can`s.

Ulicr`d GnNiay, a Tuiao` Polv`rslty prbc`ssbr crbg 1<=5 uotli

1<<<, attòd`d tm` cuo`rai s`rvln` bc a ybuoe wbgao crlòd crbg

mls uolv`rslty wmb mad dl`d wmli` elvloe flrtm tb m`r s`nbod nmlid.

GnNiay wrbt` ao butrae`d r`spbos` tb tm` glolst`r“s uibey, wmlnm

mad smbwo erbss losòsltlvlty tb tm` p`rsboai o``ds bc tm` erl`vloe

audlòn`;

Um`r` tm` r`st bc us mad f`ò stuoo`d lotb r`ci`ntlv`

sliòn`, aw`d aod nmastò`d fy tmls r`glod`r bc tm`siòd`r tmràd fy wmlnm bur ilv`s maoe, tm` glolst`r mad

btm`r tmloes lo glod. . . . M` dld obt try tb nbgcbrt m`r

cagliy aod crlòds. Obr dld m` nmaiiòe` us tb r`g`gf`r

tm` mard wbrds bc tm` Ibrd“s Zray`r, ’Tmy wlii f` dbo`.‗

Lostàd, m` sgbbtmiy iauonm`d lotb a wìi-bli`d tlrad`

aealost tm` glspian`d prlbrltl`s bc bur sbnl`ty, lo wmlnm

fliilbos bc dbiiars w`r` f`loe pbur`d lotb ’^tar Uars‗

r`sàrnm wmli` ybuoe wbgao sunm as tmls bo` w`r`

f`loe aiibw`d tb dl` bo tm` bp`ratloe tafi`. Tmat was aii

tm` glolst`r mad tb say. Mls ùibey was, lo `cc`nt, a pltnm

cbr i`ss c`d`rai spòdloe bo d`còs` aod gbr` spòdloe

bo tm` d`vìbpgòt bc g`dlnai t`nmobibey. . . . Tm` boiy

tmloe bgltt`d was ao lokuontlbo tmat w` wrlt` bur

nboer`ssgao, br Vaipm Oad`r, afbut tmls butrae`.

L nbuid mardiy fìl`v` gy àrs. Iàv` asld` tm`

ùibey“s uospàhafi` vuiearlty, lts uolotòtlboai nruìty

tb tm` wbgao“s cagliy, iàv` asld` aii tm` sìc-satlscl`daod sìc-rlemt`bus tbo` bc àsy gbrai butrae`, iàv`

asld` tm` casmlboafi` bplolbos8 iàv` asld` tm` ciaffy

aod nilnmìd quailty bc iaoeuae` aod sp``nm. L“g `vò

wliiloe tb nbon`d` cbr tm` sah` bc areugòt tmat tm`

glolst`r gay mav` f`ò rlemt lo `v`rytmloe m` sald. . . .

Obtmloe nao ait`r tm` cant tmat m` cali`d us, cali`d m`r,

aod cali`d mls naiiloe fy squaod`rloe a pr`nlbus gbgòt




cbr tm` sah` bc a s`nbod-rat` stugp sp``nm aod fy

cbrnloe us tb mbid bur sbrrbw fanh lo tm` prlvany bc bur

bwo màrts, at tm` v`ry gbgòt lt o``d`d nbggbo

`xpr`sslbo. Tmat gbgòt nao o`v`r f` r`nbv`r`d.

Obtmloe tmat rìlelbo db`s ls gbr` lgpbrtaot tmao

`qulpploe us tb òdur` ilc`“s passae`s fy mìploe us tb

clod gàoloe lo palo aod ibss. Ultm gàoloe, gaoy

tmloes ar` fàrafi`. Fut bur ùibelst dld obt hobw mbw

tb elv` lt tb us. Aii m` mad tb bcc`r w`r` mls pbiltlnai

d`sld`rata.66

Nmrlstlao pbiltlnai lovbiv`gòt wlii aisb f` ràilstln afbut tm`

pbsslflilty bc bur f`loe d`n`lv`d fy c`leo`d nboc`sslbos bc caltm. L

r`c`ròn`d aril`r tm` mypbnrltlnai us` bc caltm fy a ibnai pbiltlnlao lo

bur nlty. Vàilsg r`glods us tb o`v`r clx bur mbp` bo a mugao

pbiltlnai savlbr, mbw`v`r gunm m` br sm` qubt`s tm` Flfi`. Vàilsg

aisb r`glods us bc bur bwo susn`ptlflilty tb f`loe s`dun`d fy pbw`r.

Lt ls ao lonr`dlfiy màdy xp`rlòn` tb slt lo tm` Bvai Bccln` wltm tm`

wbrid“s gbst pbw`rcui pbiltlnai iàd`r br tb f` lovlt`d tb mav` iuonmwltm tm` ebv`robr br a fle-nlty gaybr. Vàilsg r`glods us bc tm`

ilgltatlbos lgpbs`d bo us fy bur bwo o``dy èbs aod bur d`slr` tb

f` ann`pt`d fy tmbs` wmb mbid àrtmiy pbw`r.

A Nmrlstlao Apprbanm Cbiibws tm` Flfilnai ^tbry Ilo`

Umò L say tmat a Nmrlstlao apprbanm tb tm` eràt nuiturai lssu`s

bc bur day buemt tb f` flfilnai, L db obt gào tmat w` smbuid sàrnm

cbr a Flfi` v`rs` br a prbbc t`xt tb kustlcy a partlnuiar pbiltlnai br

gbrai d`nlslbo. Bctò, `vò rèardloe tm` wat`rsm`d lssu`s bcafbrtlbo aod ùtmaoasla, bo` mas tm` uonbgcbrtafi` c`ìloe tmat tm`

lot`rpr`tatlbo bc lodlvlduai Flfi` v`rs`s ls f`loe fòt tb suppbrt a

prb-ilc` pbsltlbo. Car strboe`r ls ao apprbanm tb pbiltlns (br tm` btm`r

lssu`s rals`d lo tmls fbbh, sunm as mbgbs`xuailty, c`glolsg,

pbstgbd`rolsg, br tm` O`w Ae`) tmat cbiibws tm` flfilnai stbry ilo`.

Tm` Flfi` nao f` d`snrlf`d as a draga lo tmr`` ants; Nràtlbo, tm`

Caii, aod V`d`gptlbo.




Nràtlbo

Nràtlbo tànm`s us tmat v`ry mugao f`loe, waot`d br uowaot`d,

prbduntlv` br uoprbduntlv`, afi`-fbdl`d br erbssiy d`cbrg`d, ls

nràt`d lo tm` lgae` bc Ebd. Crbg nràtlbo lo tm` lgae` bc Ebd, w`

d`rlv` bur cuodagòtai uod`rstaodloes bc tm` sanr`do`ss bc ilc` aod

tm` `quailty bc aii mugao f`loes uod`r tm` iaw. Tmls iàds tb ièai

prbt`ntlbo cbr tm` ìd`riy, tm` dyloe, tm` wàh, tm` ailò, tm` pr`-

fbro, tm` dlsafi`d, ranlai globrltl s, aod wbgò.

Tm` brdloatlbo bc wbgò lo tm` nmurnm wbuid clod erbuodloe lo

tm` flfilnai nràtlbo annbuot; ’^b Ebd nràt`d gao lo mls bwo lgae`,lo tm` lgae` bc Ebd m` nràt`d mlg8 gai` aod c`gai` m` nràt`d

tm`g.‗6> F`naus` nràtlbo lovbiv`s s`xuaiiy dlcc`ròtlat`d p`rsbos,

aod Ebd pian`d mls fi`ssloe bo m`t`rbs`xuai garrlae`, w` Nmrlstlaos

clod gunm lo tm` eay rlemts aeòda tmat ls aotltm`tlnai tb tm` flfilnai

stbry ilo`.

Tm` Caii

Ant LL bc tm` flfilnai draga ls tm` Caii . F`naus` bc slo, w` Nmrlstlaos

buemt o`v`r tb pian` oalv` nbocldòn` lo tm` gbrai ebbdo`ss bc

`ltm`r lodlvlduais br nbii`ntlv` erbups sunm as a ebv`rogòt,

nbrpbratlbos, br uolbos. As V`lombid Ol`fumr stat`d, ’Umat ls

ianhloe agboe Xilf`rai gbrailstsW, wm`tm`r rìlelbus br ratlboai, ls

ao uod`rstaodloe bc tm` frutai nmarant`r bc tm` f`mavlbr bc aii

mugao nbii`ntlv`s, aod tm` pbw`r bc sìc-lot`r`st aod nbii`ntlv`

èblsg lo aii lot`r-erbup rìatlbos.‗64 Nmrlstlaos wmb mav` a

prbcbuod flfilnai uod`rstaodloe bc tm` Caii wlii r`nbeolz` tm` o``d

cbr ilglts bo lodlvlduais aod erbups—wmat`v`r tmat lodlvlduai“s brerbup“s rìlelbus prbc`sslbo gay f`. U` ar` awar`, as a r`suit bc tm`

Caii, tmat pbw`r ls pblsbo, aod sb w` ar` susplnlbus wmò`v`r tbb

gunm uonm`nh`d pbw`r r`sld`s aoywm`r`—wm`tm`r agboe ilf`r-

ais br nbos`rvatlv`s, Nmrlstlaos br obo-Nmrlstlaos.

F`naus` bc tm` Caii, w` Nmrlstlaos tòd tb f` susplnlbus bc rbbt-

naus` `xpiaoatlbos cbr fad f`mavlbr tmat db obt nbotalo a gbrai

nbgpboòt. ^b, cbr `xagpi`, rèardloe nrlg`, Nmrlstlaos lo eò`rai




ar` susplnlbus afbut gbdìs tmat cbnus `xniuslvìy bo `dunatlbo br

`nbobglns. Umli` dunatlbo aod nbobglns uodbuft`diy piay sbg`

rbi`, a flfilnai p`rsp`ntlv` wbuid f` gbr` at mbg` wltm a gbrai

pbv`rty tm`bry bc nrlg`. Zrlon`tbo Polv`rslty prbc`ssbr aod

r`sàrnm`r Kbmo Dliuilb mas tmls tb say afbut gbrai pbv`rty;

Gbrai pbv`rty ls tm` pbv`rty bc f`loe wltmbut ibvloe, nap-

afi`, r`spboslfi` aduits wmb tànm ybu rlemt crbg wrboe.

Lt ls tm` pbv`rty bc f`loe wltmbut paròts aod btm`r

autmbrltl`s wmb mafltuat` ybu tb c`ì kby at btm`rs“ kby,

palo at btm`rs“ palo, mapplo`ss wmò ybu db rlemt, r`gbrs`wmò ybu db wrboe. Lt ls tm` pbv`rty bc erbwloe up lo tm`

vlrtuai afsòn` bc p`bpi` wmb tànm gbrailty fy tm`lr bwo

`v`ryday `xagpi` aod wmb loslst tmat ybu cbiibw sult.60

A gbrai pbv`rty tm`bry nao mìp xpialo wmy nmurnmebloe, twb-

paròt Fianh caglil`s lo tm` Klg Nrbw ^butm wmb ilv`d lo d`sp`rat`

`nbobgln stralts aod wmb mad cr`` ann`ss tb euos o`v`r xp`rlòn`d

aoytmloe ilh` tm` eaoe vlbiòn` aod mbglnld` rat`s tmat piaeu`

loo`r-nlty o`lemfbrmbbds tbday. Gbrai pbv`rty aisb `xpialos wmyglddi`-niass aod upp`r-niass wmlt` o`lemfbrmbbds ar` `xp`rlònloe

`pld`gln i`vìs bc but-bc-w`dibnh flrtms, drue afus`, nrlg`, aod

dlvbrn`.

V`d`gptlbo

Tm` aosw`r tmat Nmrlstlaos ibbh tb ls cbuod lo tm` tmlrd ant bc tm`

flfilnai draga, oagìy, r`d`gptlbo lo Nmrlst. Nmrlst aibo` ls tm` cbnus

bc Nmrlstlao mbp`. Obtmloe ìs` aod ob bo` ìs` nao f`nbg` ao

afsbiut`, annbrdloe tb tm` flfilnai stbry ilo`—obt d`gbnrany,

napltailsg, br ’cagliy vaiu`s.‗ D`gbnrany, cbr `xagpi`, nao f`

wb`cuiiy wrboe, as Aframag Ilonbio areu`d lo mls cagbus d`fat`s

wltm ^t`pmò Dbueias. Dbueias advbnat`d pbpuiar sbv`r`leoty

(d`gbnrany) cbr d`t`rgloloe wm`tm`r siav`ry wbuid spràd tb

o`wiy s`tti`d Ag`rlnao t`rrltbrl`s. Ilonbio, lo nbotrast, r`k`nt`d tm`

spràd bc siav`ry obt bo d`gbnratln prlonlpi`s, fut bo tm` prlonlpi`

bc mlem`r iaw, oagìy, tm` iaw bc Nmrlst!




Ilh`wls`, cagliy ls a ebbd, fut lt ls obt ao afsbiut` ebbd. Lo cant,

sbg` bc tm` nbot`gpbrary nbos`rvatlv` dlsnusslbo afbut cagliy

vaiu`s ls gunm nibs`r tb tm` vl`ws bc cagliy mìd fy tm` Zmarls``s

tmao tm` vl`ws mìd fy K`sus. Bo` r`nòt K`wlsm wrlt`r suggarlz`d

tm` raffloln vl`w bc cagliy tmls way; ’XTaigudlnW ilt`ratur` ls cuii bc

nbggòts aod stat`gòts bo tm` vaiu` bc cagliy ilc`. Tm` sae`s . . .

trl`d tb lov`st cagliy ilc` wltm ao aura bc mbilo`ss. Cagliy ilc` ls mìd

lo mlem vaiu` lo gbst bc tm` ilt`ratur` bc tm` ^`nbod Nbggbo-

wàitm.‗63

K`sus rèuiariy advbnat`d f`mavlbr tbward cagliy tmat tm`Zmarls``s (aod p`rmaps sbg` nbot`gpbrary cagliy-vaiu`s advbnat`s)

wbuid clod snaodaibus. Cbr `xagpi`, lo clrst-nòtury Kudalsg, tm`

bfileatlbo tb prbvld` a prbp`r furlai cbr bo`“s lgg`dlat` cagliy was

sb eràt as tb bv`rrld` aigbst aii btm`r nbosld`ratlbos.65 Fut w` ràd,

’Aobtm`r dlsnlpi` sald tb XK`susW, ”Ibrd, clrst i`t g` eb aod fury gy

catm`r.“ Fut K`sus tbid mlg, ”Cbiibw g`, aod i`t tm` dàd fury tm`lr

bwo dàd.“‗6= ^lgliariy, w` ràd tmls; ’As K`sus was sayloe tm`s`

tmloes, a wbgao lo tm` nrbwd naii`d but, ”Fi`ss`d ls tm` gbtm`r wmb

eav` ybu flrtm aod ours`d ybu.“ M` r`pil`d, ”Fi`ss`d ratm`r ar` tmbs`wmb màr tm` wbrd bc Ebd aod bf`y lt.“‗6<

U` dar` obt glss K`sus“ pblot tmat m` aibo` ls otlti`d tb afsbiut`

ibyaity, aod tmat btm`r rìatlbosmlps, sunm as bo`“s rìatlbosmlp tb

cagliy, wbrh, br nbuotry, ar` boiy rìatlv` ibyaitl`s. U` r`g`gf`r

K`sus“ wbrds;

’Db obt suppbs` tmat L mav` nbg` tb frloe pàn` tb

tm` artm. L dld obt nbg` tb frloe pàn`, fut a swbrd. Cbr

L mav` nbg` tb turo’”a gao aealost mls catm`r

a dauemt`r aealost m`r gbtm`r,

a dauemt`r-lo-iaw aealost m`r gbtm`r-lo-iaw—

a gao“s ò`gl`s wlii f` tm` g`gf`rs bc mls bwo

mbus`mbid.“

’Aoybo` wmb ibv`s mls catm`r br gbtm`r gbr` tmao

g` ls obt wbrtmy bc g`8 aoybo` wmb ibv`s mls sbo br




dauemt`r gbr` tmao g` ls obt wbrtmy bc g`8 aod aoy-

bo` wmb db`s obt tah` mls nrbss aod cbiibw g` ls obt

wbrtmy bc g`.‗>:

Cbiibwloe K`sus tah`s pr`n`dòn` bv`r `v`ry btm`r ibyaity. Lt“s obt

òbuem tb g`rìy assug` tmat Nmrlstlaos uod`rstaod tmls. ^bg`tlg`s

lo tm` dlsnusslbo bc ’tradltlboai vaiu`s,‗ ’cagliy vaiu`s,‗ br ’brtmb-

dbx vaiu`s,‗ tm` prlgany bc K`sus“ nialgs ls aii fut ibst.

V`d`gptlbo mas ao aeòt. Tmat aeòt ls obt tm` ebv`rogòt br

tm` pbiltlnai ràig, fut lt ls tm` nmurnm. Ebv`rogòt nao `x`rt eràt

pr`ssur` cbr gbrai ebbd arbuod tm` wbrid. Fut r`d`gptlbo nao boiy f` `cc nt`d fy tm` nmurnm. L ag p`rsboaiiy ònburae`d fy tm` cbnus

bo caltm-fas`d (br, ratm`r, nmurnm-fas`d) loltlatlv`s as a sbiutlbo cbr

sbnlai prbfi`gs sunm as sufstaon` afus`, mbgì`sso`ss, nmlid nar`,

aod vbnatlboai traloloe. Mbw dld w` `v`r arrlv` at a pian` bc

fìl`vloe tmat wltmbut caltm aod wltmbut tm` nmurnm, w` nbuid

uitlgatìy sbiv` gbrai prbfi`gs2

Cloaiiy, tm` `tmbs bc r`d`gptlbo ls ibv`. Tmrbuembut tmls fbbh, L

mav` r`pàt`diy r`c`rr`d tb ways tmat a frlde` bc wìnbg` mas f`ò

fulit tb tmbs typlnaiiy nbosld`r`d tb f` ò`gl`s fy gaoy nbos`rva-tlv` Nmrlstlaos. Frlde` fulidloe aigbst aiways lovbiv`s tm` prantln` bc

ibv`.

TUB ^TBVL@^ BC U@INBG@

Mbw gaoy tlg`s mav` ybu pass`d fy a mbgì`ss p`rsbo aod

d`nld`d tb h``p a sac` dlstaon` crbg wm`r` tm`y w`r` si``ploe bo

tm` str``t br bo a parh fònm2 A gao lo bur nmurnm oag`d Uliiy

mad a nmurnm fanherbuod, fut waso“t gunm lot`r`st`d lo Nmrlst. Tb

mlg, Nmrlstlaolty was a elaot ilst bc db“s aod dbo“ts—gbstiy dbo“ts.

M`r` ls Uliiy“s stbry lo mls bwo wbrds;

L“v` spòt gbst bc gy ilc` as rbbti`ss drlct`r. L was

`straoe`d crbg gy cagliy aod `v`ry btm`r hlod bc

màitmy rìatlbosmlp. L `vòtuaiiy cbuod gysìc nbg-

pi`tìy mbgì`ss, ilvloe kust sbutm bc dbwotbwo fy tm`

60= UMB L^ G\ @O@G\2ZAVT 0



rlv`r. L spòt tmr`` yàrs dbwo tm`r` aod was nbgpi`tìy

wltmbut mbp`.

A nmurnm erbup crbg Slo`yard nag` dbwo tb tm`

rlv`r bo a rèuiar fasls tb pass but cbbd aod fiaoh`ts, as

wìi as btm`r suppil`s. L fèao tb d`vìbp a rìatlbosmlp

wltm sbg` bc tm` p`bpi` wmb nag` dbwo. L was aigbst

aiways druoh, y`t tm`y h`pt bcc`rloe g` crlòdsmlp. Tm`

Nmrlstlaolty L saw lo tm`lr ilv`s was obt kust a fuonm bc

rui`s. Lostàd, tm`y w`r` bcc`rloe rìatlbosmlp.

Bo` yàr aeb, a sgaii erbup bc p`bpi` crbg tm`

nmurnm nag` tb tm` nagp wm`r` L was si``ploe. Tm`y

eav` g` cbbd aod a fiaoh`t. Fut gbst lgpbrtaot bc aii,

tm`y iald maods bo g` aod pray`d cbr g`. Tmat gbroloe,

L mad nrl`d but cbr Ebd. L mad kust nbosug`d a cbrty-

buon` fbtti` bc gait ilqubr, aod L cìt slnh`r tmao `v`r. L

cìt ilh` L was ebloe tb dl`.

Act`r L r`n`lv`d pray`r, Ebd fèao tb nmaoe` g`. L

spòt tm` o`xt w``h ebloe tmrbuem d`tbx. A pastbr at

tm` nmurnm mìp`d tb arraoe` a pian` cbr g` tb stay at amaicway mbus`. L was afi` tb e`t a kbf as wìi. L fèao

mavloe dlcclnuity at tm` maicway mbus` aod cìt ilh` ebloe

fanh tb tm` rlv`r. Tmat sag` day, tm` pmbo` raoe at tm`

maicway mbus`, aod lt was tm` pastbr bc tm` nmurnm“s

glolstry tb tm` mbgì`ss. M` tbid g` tb maoe bo aod

tmat m` wbuid naii fanh lo a iltti` wmli`. Lo ao mbur, m`

naii`d g` fanh. M` mad cbuod ao apartgòt cbr g` tb

ilv` lo. L sbbo gbv`d but bc tm` maicway mbus` aod lotb

ao apartgòt oàr bo` bc tm` caglil`s crbg tm` nmurnm.Tm`y eav` g` wbrh as ao lod`pòdòt nbotrantbr cbr a

fuslo`ss tm`y rao. L“v` f`ò sbf`r cbr bv`r a yàr. L

r`nòtiy r`nbonli`d wltm gy catm`r, aod L“g nurròtiy

att`gptloe tb r`nbonli` wltm gy sbo, wmb ls twòty-

s`vò yàrs bid.

@anm âturday L tah` erbups crbg tm` nmurnm bv`r tb

tm` rlv`r tb glolst`r tb gy bid crlòds aod tb lotrbdun`

tm`g tb gy K`sus. Tm`y s`` mbw gunm Ebd mas dbo` tb

60<ZVANTLNLOE TM@ U@INBG@ BC TM@ HLOEDBG



mìp g`. ^`v`rai bc gy bid crlòds mav` cbiibw`d g` bcc

tm` str``ts.

Tmls w``h ybu gay ònbuot`r a ’Uliiy‗ maoeloe but oàr ybur

uolv`rslty, lo crbot bc a dbwotbwo bccln` fulidloe, fy a GnDboaid“s,

br at tm` fbardwaih. Umat dlcc`ròn` wbuid lt gah` tb ybu lc ybu

sald tb ybursìc, ’Tmls gao br wbgao ls obt gy o`gy.‗ Mbw nbuid

ybu br ybur nmurnm fèlo tb prantln` tm` wìnbg` bc tm` hloedbg

wltm gò aod wbgò ilh` Uliiy2

A g`gf`r bc bur nmurnm, wmbg L“ii naii Klg, ls aobtm`r `xagpi`

bc sbg`bo` ybu glemt rèard tb f` ao ò`gy bc Nmrlstlaolty. Klgmad f`ò ao atm`lst cbr as iboe as m` nbuid r`g`gf`r. Umò m` was

a studòt at bur stat` uolv`rslty, m` mad kblo`d ao atm`lst niuf naii`d

’tm` ^bnl`ty bc Mugaolsts.‗ Tm` fasln aeòda cbr tmls niuf was tb

antlvìy dlsnburae` studòts crbg pursuloe Nmrlstlaolty. M`r` ls mbw

Klg d`snrlf`d mls lovbiv`gòt lo tmls breaolzatlbo;

Act`r L mad f`ò a g`gf`r bc tm` niuf cbr a wmli`, w`

d`nld`d tb pursu` f`nbgloe ao bcclnlaiiy saontlbo`d

studòt breaolzatlbo lo brd`r tb r`n`lv` cuodloe crbgtm` snmbbi. As part bc tm` appilnatlbo prbn`ss, w` mad tb

ì`nt ao bccln`r tb pr`sld` bv`r bur breaolzatlbo. L aer``d

tb f`nbg` tm` bccln`r aod was afi` tb nmbbs` gy bwo

tlti`. L d`nld`d bo tm` tlti` ’nmapialo,‗ f`naus` lt was y`t

aobtm`r way tb gbnh Nmrlstlaolty.

^mbrtiy act`r eraduatloe, L cbuod a kbf lo tm` gòtai

màitm clìd. L wbrh`d v`ry nibsìy wltm a wbgao oag`d

Ilsa. Ilsa wbuid bctò tìi g` tmat K`sus ibv`d g`. @vò

tmbuem L was v`ry stàdcast lo gy atm`lsg, Ilsa nbotlou`dtb smbw g` uowav`rloe hlodo`ss. m` wbuid bctò lovlt`

g` tb nmurnm, aod ànm tlg` L wbuid d`nilo` m`r

lovltatlbos. L sald L glemt tah` m`r up bo tm` bcc`r lo twb

yàrs.

Bo` day Ilsa tbid g` tmat sm` ràiiy ibv`d g` (lo a

oborbgaotln way) aod tmat sm` bctò pray`d cbr g`. L

tbid m`r tmat L appr`nlat`d tm` sòtlgòt, fut L dldo“t




fìl`v` lo Ebd. Podauot`d fy gy stat`gòt, Ilsa tbid

g` tmat K`sus ibv`d g` `vò gbr` tmao sm` dld. Tmat

ràiiy lgpant`d g`. L obw mad a r`c`ròn` pblot cbr tm`

ibv` sm` was taihloe afbut. ^m` was nboslstòtiy ibvloe

tbward aii bc m`r nbwbrh`rs, aod m`r wbrds mad rài

autmbrlty.

^mbrtiy act`r bur nbov`rsatlbo, a crlòd bc glo`, Flii,

wmb was aisb a iboetlg` atm`lst, lovlt`d g` but tb

iuonm. L mad màrd tmat m` r`nòtiy mad f`nbg` ’fbro

aealo,‗ aod L `xp`nt`d tmat m` wbuid try tb nbov`rt g`.

L was obt surprls`d wmò m` puii`d but tm` Flfi` at

iuonm aod start`d smarloe tm` ebspì wltm g`. Lo a way,

Ilsa“s hlodo`ss tbward g` prlg`d g` tb màr gy crlòd“s

ebspì pr`sòtatlbo. Umò m` was clolsm`d, Flii lovlt`d

g` tb r`n`lv` Nmrlst, fut L turo`d dbwo tm` bcc`r. @vò

tmbuem L was lotrleu`d fy wmat m` mad smar`d, L dld obt

r`spbod. Flii smar`d tmat tm` ràsbo m` naii`d tb lovlt`

g` tb iuonm was tmat m` mad mad a dràg afbut g`. Lo

mls dràg, L was dyloe. L tmbuemt, ’Tmat“s w`lrd. L“g obtpiaooloe bo dyloe aoytlg` sbbo.‗

Bo` w``h iat`r L was lo tm` mbspltai wltm sploai

gòloeltls, nbgpi`tìy f`drlddò, aod L mad a d`fliltat-

loe màdanm`. As L iay tm`r`, L tmbuemt afbut gy nbo-

v`rsatlbos wltm Ilsa aod Flii. Bo` olemt L mad a v`ry vlvld

dràg. L was drlvloe gy nar aod was bv`rnbg` fy tm`

stònm bc clitm lo gy truoh. L stbpp`d tm` nar, bpò`d tm`

truoh, aod att`gpt`d tb smbvì tm` clitm but, fut lt h`pt

silpploe bcc tm` smbvì. L was pbw`ri`ss tb niào but tm`clitm lo tm` truoh bc gy nar. L awbh` crbg tm` dràg aod

ho`w wmat lt gàot. L nbuid obt dài wltm gy slo bo gy

bwo. L ho`w L o``d`d Ebd tb nmaoe` g`.

Umli` L stlii r`slst`d elvloe gy ilc` tb K`sus, L obw

fìl`v`d lo Ebd. L kust waso“t sur` tmat K`sus was tm`

way tb Ebd. Act`r sbg` lov`stleatlbo, L dlsnbv`r`d tmat

ob btm`r rìlelbo addr`ss`d tm` lssu` lo gy dràg. Ob

bo` fut Nmrlst nialg`d tb f` afi` tb wasm away gy slo.

^b L pray`d tb r`n`lv` Nmrlst lotb gy ilc`. As L was




prayloe, L cìt tmat Ebd was mbidloe g`, sayloe, ’L ibv`

ybu, gy sbo.‗

L r`nbv`r`d crbg sploai gòloeltls aod start`d tb

pursu` gy o`wcbuod caltm fy ràdloe tm` Flfi`. Act`r

e`ttloe fanh tb wbrh, L tbid Ilsa aod Flii wmat L mad

dbo`. Ilsa lovlt`d g` tb eb tb nmurnm, fut L d`nilo`d. L

tmbuemt L nbuid waih as a Nmrlstlao aibo`. Mbw`v`r, Ilsa

bpò`d m`r naiòdar aod smbw`d g` wm`r`, xantiy twb

yàrs f`cbr`, L mad prbgls`d tmat L wbuid eb tb nmurnm

wltm m`r. Gy twb yàrs w`r` up!U` attòd`d a nmurnm butrànm `vòt lo tm` sugg`r

bc 1<<0. Tm` faod tmat was piayloe lgpr`ss`d g`, aod L

was surprls`d tb màr Klggy Mòdrlx ilnhs bo tm` eultar.

Durloe tm` tànmloe, L was nmaiiòe`d tmat L mad tb

anhobwi`de` K`sus f`cbr` btm`r p`bpi` fy gahloe a

pufiln nboc`sslbo. ^b L wòt cbrward at tm` lovltatlbo aod

pufilniy prbnialg`d gy caltm lo K`sus Nmrlst.

^lon` Klg“s nbov`rslbo, m` mas i`d s`v`rai sgaii erbups, f`ò

lovbiv`d wltm tm` draga aod nmlidrò“s glolstry, i`d wbrsmlp, aod

eraduat`d crbg tm` nmurnm“s traloloe snmbbi cbr cutur` pastbrs aod

iàd`rs. Lt wbuid mav` f`ò àsy tb wrlt` bcc Klg as uorànmafi`,

`sp`nlaiiy f`naus` bc mls vbnai aod v`ry pufiln aotl-Nmrlstlao

pbsltlbos. Tm` gbst oaturai tmloe lo tm` wbrid wbuid mav` f`ò tb

r`spbod lo hlod tb Klg.

Fut nbosld`r tm` cant tmat tm` twb p`bpi` at tm` nòt`r bc twb bc

tm` gbst uopbpuiar Polt`d tat`s upr`g` Nburt d`nlslbos (at iàst

wltm Nmrlstlaos) mav` slon` f`nbg` butspbhò fìl`v`rs lo Nmrlst;Obrga GnNbrv`y (a.h.a. Kao` Vb`) aod Uliilag K. Gurray (sbo bc

obt`d atm`lst Gadaiyo Gurray B“Malr). Obrga GnNbrv`y was tm`

pialotlcc lo tm` ûpr`g` Nburt nas` (Vb` v. Uad`) tmat ièailz`d

afbrtlbo lo aii clcty stat`s. Uliilag Gurray was bo` bc tm` pialotlccs

lo tm` ûpr`g` Nburt nas` tmat prbmlflt`d pray`r lo snmbbis.

Nbosld`r curtm`r tmat tm` ’pbst`r nmlid‗ bc tm` nuitur` i`ct, Kao`

Cboda, a wbgao wmb mas f`ò vlilcl`d bv`r tm` yàrs fy gaoy

Nmrlstlao o`wsi`tt`rs aod gaeazlo`s, mas aisb d`niar`d m`r caltm lo




Nmrlst. Umat wbuid tm` ’Nmrlstlao pr`ss‗ mav` sald afbut âui, tm`

p`rs`nutbr bc tm` nmurnm, f`cbr` Dagasnus Vbad2

Tm` trutm ls, lt ls lgpbsslfi` tb hobw wmat ls ebloe bo lo tm`

màrts bc tm` ’Klgs‗ br tm` ’Kao`s‗ br tm` ’Obrgas‗ br tm`

’Uliilags.‗ Lt ls aisb lgpbsslfi` tb hobw wmat `cc`nt a ibvloe wlt-

o`ss wlii mav` bo sunm p`bpi`—ob gatt`r wmat tm`lr loltlai pbsl-

tlbos br prbt`statlbos gay f`. Obtmloe bo àrtm (br lo màvò)

nbgpar`s tb tm` kby cìt ’bv`r bo` sloo`r wmb r`pòts.‗>1 ^mar` tm`

kby! F` ao aeòt bc bo` bc Ebd“s eràt`st glrani`s. I`t Ebd us` ybu

tb prbnialg tm` wìnbg` bc tm` hloedbg tb p`rsbos n`rtalo btm`rNmrlstlaos mav` tòd`d tb tràt as ò`gl`s!

Qu`stlbos cbr V`ci`ntlbo aod Dlsnusslbo

1. Mav` ybu obtln`d a tòdòny tb d`sleoat` bo` pbiltlnai party tb f`’tm` boiy ann`ptafi` Nmrlstlao nmbln`‗2 Lc ybu mav` obtln`d tmls tòdòny, db

ybu aer`` br dlsaer`` wltm lt2

6. Umat lssu`s lo tm` nbot`gpbrary ’nuitur` wars‗ d`fat` db ybu tmlohnao f` niàriy d`t`rglo`d fy ao appài tb tm` Flfi`2 Umat lssu`s naoobt f`niàriy d`t`rglo`d fy appàiloe tb ^nrlptur`2

>. Db ybu aer`` br dlsaer`` wltm tm` autmbr“s assleoloe bc pray`r lopufiln snmbbis as a cuzzy-s`t lssu`2

4. Um`r` mav` ybu wlto`ss`d tm` afsòn` bc nlvlilty fy Nmrlstlaos lo`ltm`r a nbot`gpbrary tm`bibelnai br pbiltlnai d`fat`2

0. Appiy tm` autmbr“s ’flfilnai stbry ilo`‗ apprbanm (Nràtlbo, tm` Caii,V`d`gptlbo) tb tm` cbiibwloe; fle ebv`rogòt, s`x `dunatlbo lo pufilnsnmbbis, aod euo nbotrbi.




V@NBGG@OD@D V@ADLOE

Fbrh, Vbf`rt M. Tm` T`gptloe bc Ag`rlna; Tm` Zbiltlnai ^`duntlbo

bc tm` Iaw. O`w \brh; Tbunmstbo`, 1<<:.

Euloo`ss, Bs. Tm` Ag`rlnao Mbur; A Tlg` bc V`nhboloe aod tm`

Bon` aod Cutur` Vbi` bc Caltm. O`w \brh; Gangliiao, 1<<>.

Muot`r, Kag`s Davlsbo. Nuitur` Uars; Tm` ^trueei` tb D`clo`

Ag`rlna. O`w \brh; Fasln Fbbhs, 1<<4.

G`dv`d, Glnmaì. Mbiiywbbd vs. Ag`rlna; Zbpuiar Nuitur` aod tm`

Uar bo Tradltlboai Saiu`s. O`w \brh; Marp`rNbiilos, 1<<6.

Biashy, Garvlo. Tm` Trae`dy bc Ag`rlnao Nbgpasslbo. Uasmloe-

tbo, D.N.; Vèo`ry, 1<<6.

Tmbgas, Nai, aod @d Dbfsbo. Filod`d fy Glemt; Nao tm` Vìlelbus

Vlemt âv` Ag`rlna2 Eraod Vaplds; [bod`rvao, 1<<<.


e

Documents

Who Is My Enemy? by Rich Nathan, Excerpt