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Who Fits Where in the NAT
PRESENTED BY:
Bill Smith, Scott International Procedures
Monday, March 23 | 9:30 a.m. – 10:00 a.m.
International Operators Conference | San Antonio, TX | March 23 – 27, 2015
Who Fits Where in the North Atlantic
• Why be aware?
• A brief historical review of NAT separation standards
• Current route structures / CNS requirements / separation standards
• Future plans / changes to watch for
2
Why be aware?
Isn’t this Safety Day?
• It is Safety Day!
• Knowledge regarding route structures, CNS requirements and separation
standards is important from a Safety perspective
– Allows Operations to be flown as planned
– Allows knowledgeable application of Contingency guidance material in PANS-ATM
(DOC 4444) and Regional Supps (ICAO Doc 7030)
– Error Management becomes more and more important .. Review SOPs for currency
• NAT Airspace/equipment requirements/separation standards continually
becoming more complex
– Requires time and effort to stay abreast of the changes
3
Why be aware? Fuel Plan vs actual burn with reroute
4
FUEL TIME CORR TOGWT LDGWT AVG W/C
DEST EINN 008859 03.41 ------ 041958 033099 P086
RESV 001766 00.45 ------
ALTN 000500 00.12 ------ ALTN EICK DIST 0057 W/C P026
HOLD 000000 00.00 ------
ADDL 000498 00.13
REQD 011623 04.51 ------ BOW 027200 PAYLOAD 000800
EXTRA 002335 00.59
TAXI 000042
TTL AT BO 013958 05.50 ------ RTE MAN DIST 1914
FUEL TIME CORR TOGWT LDGWT AVG W/C
DEST EINN 007225 03.20 ------ 039958 032733 P097
RESV 001554 00.45 ------
ALTN 000500 00.12 ------ ALTN EICK DIST 0057 W/C P026
HOLD 000000 00.00 ------
ADDL 001285 00.36
REQD 010564 04.53 ------ BOW 027200 PAYLOAD 000800
EXTRA 001394 00.39
TAXI 000042
TTL AT BO 011958 05.32 ------ RTE MAN DIST 1748
Core track FL 370 Track edge FL 330
22.5% increase in trip burn!
Why be aware? General application of contingency guidance
From ICAO DOC 4444 PANS-ATM
Chapter 15.2 SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR INFLIGHT CONTINGENCIES
IN OCEANIC AIRSPACE
15.2.2.3 ……In general terms, the aircraft should be flown at a flight level and
an offset track where other aircraft are least likely to be encountered.
“YOU HAVE TO KNOW WHERE THEY ARE, TO KNOW WHERE THEY AREN’T”
5
Why be aware?
Are your SOP’s current/ adequate?
• Misunderstanding of ARINC 424 Waypoint naming convention last Spring.
– Confirm LAT/LONG as part of Navigation crosschecks?
6
A Brief History of the NAT
Sometimes knowing where you’ve been, helps identify where you’re going
7
8
In 1939
46 Flying boats crossed the NAT from Jun-Oct
https://www.iaa.ie/nac-history
• 18 hours from Ireland to Newfoundland
• Communications via Morse Code
• Traffic density not a significant problem!
9
Post-War Years 1946-1958
https://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages/main_history.aspx
• Establishment of ICAO
• Establishment of EUR/NAT Regional Office in Paris
• Land Planes rapidly replace Flying Boats, steady increase in NAT traffic
• 1956, First NAT Regional Air Navigation Meeting with emphasis on:
• Improving communication: Air - Ground and Ground – Ground
• More precise application of separation criteria
• Higher speed operations
• Need for more timely information flow and weather info for higher
atmospheric levels
• Evolution into cyclic traffic scheme, with accompanying congestion within
minimum time (most economical) E/B and W/B flows
• Traffic congestion causes significant economic penalties for operators pushed
away (laterally and vertically) from most economical routes due to large
separation standards:
• 2000’ vertical above FL290
• 30 minutes longitudinal
• 120 nm lateral
10
Early Jet Age 1958-1965
https://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages/main_history.aspx
11
Early Jet Age 1958-1965
https://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages/main_history.aspx
• 1961 4th NAT Regional Air Navigation Meeting
• Reviewed NAT Regional Plan to meet demand for foreseeable future
• 1965 Special meeting
• Meeting endorsed 90nm LAT Separation
• Significant resistance to Reduced Lateral Separation Minimum (RLatSM)
• Status quo maintained (120nm LAT, 30 Min Long, 2000’ Vert above FL290)
• Formed NAT Systems Planning Group
• NAT SPG expected to recommend process to gain acceptance of reduced
separations
12
1965-1971
https://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages/main_history.aspx
• Collection of Coastal and Ship based RADAR Data regarding Actual Nav
Performance
• Development of statistical, computer based methods of analyzing the data
• 1970 5th NAT Regional Meeting approved adoption of composite separation, (60
nm lateral AND 1000’ vertical) after a short trial period
• Some congestion relief/ economic benefit
• NAT SPG continued work with the target of 60nm lateral separation and gradual
reduction in longitudinal separation
13
1971-Present
https://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages/main_history.aspx
• 1977- Defined/ adopted NAT MNPS Requirements
• Requirement for operational approval
• Operators unable to upgrade/ obtain approval must avoid MNPS Airspace
• Vertically (Above FL420, Below FL285)
• Restricted to Special Radio Routes (Blue Spruce)
• Continue application of composite separation with data collection/analysis to
achieve consensus on further reduction of LAT and Long Separations
• No change in Separation Minima…… no economic gain….yet
14
1971-Present
https://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages/main_history.aspx
• 1980 After 3 years of additional data collection/analysis, consensus achieved on
• Lat Separation Reduction to 60 nm
• Long Separation Reduction to 15 Min
• Later reduction of Long Sep Min to 10 min
• Economic benefits of 1977 MNPS ‘mandate’ achieved
15
1977-Present
https://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages/main_history.aspx
• Continued planning and collection/analysis of traffic data, including planning for
DATALINK capabilities
• 1997 Adoption of RVSM within NAT MNPS Airspace FL290-FL410
• Non-RVSM approved operators must avoid above or below
• May 2010 trial RLongSM to 5 min suspended in June
• 2011 re-start of trial RLongS to 5 Min using CPDLC/ADS-C
• 2013 DATALINK (CPDLC & ADS-C) Mandate for two core NAT tracks
FL360-FL390
• Non-equipped aircraft must avoid
• Above/Below/Laterally
16
1977-Present
https://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages
• Continued planning and collection/analysis of traffic data
• Including Communication, Navigation and Surveillance System performance
• Feb 2015 DATALINK (CPDLC & ADS-C) Mandate expanded to all NAT
tracks FL350-FL390
• Non-equipped aircraft must avoid increased volume of airspace
• Above/Below/Laterally
• Accompanying economic penalty
17
1960s-Present
• Graphic review of Separation Standards
18
Prior to 1970
https://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages/main_history.aspx
120NM 120NM
FL 280
FL 290
FL 350
FL 330
FL 310
Longitudinal separation 30 minutes
19
1970-1980
https://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages/main_history.aspx
FL 280
FL 290
FL 350
FL 330
FL 310
Longitudinal separation 30 minutes
FL 300
FL 340
FL 320
60NM 60NM 60NM 60NM
20 https://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages/main_history.aspx
60NM 60NM
FL 280
FL 290
FL 350
FL 330
FL 310
Longitudinal separation 15 to 10 minutes
FL 300
FL 340
FL 320
FL 410
60NM 60NM
1980- 1997
21 https://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages/main_history.aspx
FL 280
FL 290
FL 350
FL 330
FL 310
Longitudinal separation 10 minutes
FL 300
FL 340
FL 320
FL 410
60NM 60NM 60NM 60NM
1997- Present
22
Prior to 1980
https://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages/main_history.aspx
30 Min Longitudinal Separation
23
After 1980
https://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages/main_history.aspx
15 Min Longitudinal Separation
24
After 1980
https://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages/main_history.aspx
10 Min Longitudinal Separation
25
After 2011
https://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages/main_history.aspx
5 Min Longitudinal Separation trial
DATALINK Required
26
ADS-B
NAT DOC 005 2nd Ed.
• Increasing number of aircraft equipped
• Addition of ADS-B service areas based on ground antenna locations and ATS
provider capability
• Permits increased areas where surveillance separation (5-10nm) rather than
procedural separation between A/C pairs when DCPC can be established
27 NAVCANADA AIC 29/13
28 http://www.isavia.is/english/air-navigation/ads-b/
29
Future plans-Nov 2015
https://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages/main_history.aspx
• Trial RLatSM to ½ degree Latitude (25nm based on ‘gentle slope rule’) on three
core tracks within Data Link Mandate FLs
• Will require RNP4
• Non-RNP 4 equipped aircraft will have to avoid these tracks/FLs vertically
or horizontally
30
NOV 2015
FL 340
FL 350
FL 410
FL 390
FL 370
FL 360
FL 400
FL 380
25NM
60NM 60NM 60NM
25NM
31
RLatSM tracks
NAT DOC 008 Application of Separation Minima Nov 2014
30nm
32
Future Plans-Dates TBD
• Expand DLM to entire NAT Region….FLs yet TBD
• Non-equipped aircraft must avoid vertically or laterally (ADS-B service area)
• Expand Airspace where RLatSM is used…… FLs determined by DLM FLs
• Non- RNP 4 equipped aircraft will have to avoid these tracks/FLs vertically
or horizontally
• ‘Mixed Mode’ (RNP4 and RNP10) operations expected outside OTS
• ADS-B surveillance airspace should be available for non CPDLC/ADS-C
equipped flights………. exact definitions TBD
NAT DOC 009 Service Development Roadmap June 1, 2014
33
Future Plans-2015
• MNPS Airspace to be re-defined as PBN Airspace
• New MNPS approvals will be based on RNP10 or RNP4 specification
• Former MNPS approved aircraft still able to operate within airspace
• Target date 2020 all aircraft in NAT PBN airspace will have RNP10 or RNP4
specification approval. Former MNPS Authorization no longer valid
NAT DOC 009 Service Development Roadmap June 1, 2014
34
Future Plans-Dates TBD
• Expand ADS-B based surveillance service/ separation standards to entire NAT
Region
• Based on
• ADS-B Receivers installed on LEO Satellites (Iridium Next)
• ATS Provider capabilities
• DCPC
• May reduce/eliminate need for NAT OTS
NAT DOC 009 Service Development Roadmap June 1, 2014
35
How to Stay Aware
• Near Term
• AIPs and AICs from NAT ATS Provider States
• http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/ais-online
• NAT OPS Bulletins
• http://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages/EUR-and-NAT-
Document.aspx?RootFolder=%2FEURNAT%2FEUR%20and%20NAT%20Documents%2FNAT%20D
ocuments%2FNAT%20OPS%20Bulletins&FolderCTID=0x012000DAF95319EADD9946B510C5D7B5
95637D00AA5EB47B299B9A4BAD1968B24E18655C&View={2666E7DD-5F4E-4E64-B16A-
CF142A1E5BC9}
36
How to Stay Aware
• Longer Term
• NAT DOC 005 Future ATM Concept of Operations for the NAT Region
• http://www.icao.int/EURNAT/EUR%20and%20NAT%20Documents/NAT%20Documents/NAT%20Doc
%20005/NAT%20Doc005%202nd%20Ed-Nov%202012.pdf
• NAT DOC 009 (as revised) NAT Service Development Roadmap
• http://www.icao.int/EURNAT/EUR%20and%20NAT%20Documents/NAT%20Documents/NAT%20Doc
%20009%20-%20NAT%20SDR/NAT%20Doc%20009,%20Ed1%20-
%20NAT%20SDR%20(Aug2014).pdf
NAT DOC 009 Service Development Roadmap June 1, 2014
37
How to Stay Aware
• Longer Term
• Reports of NAT SPG Meetings
• http://www.icao.int/EURNAT/Pages/EURNAT-Meetings-NATSPG.aspx
38 NAT DOC 009 Service Development Roadmap June 1, 2014
39
THANK YOU!