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8/9/2019 WHO-Essential Medicine List Children
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WHOModelListofEssential
Medicinesfor
Children
First
List,
October
2007
Statusof
this
document
ThisisareprintofthetextontheWHOMedicines
website
http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/en/index.html
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (October 2007) -- page 1
WHOModelListofEssentialMedicinesforChildren
ExplanatoryNotes
ThisModelListisintendedforuseforchildrenupto12yearsofage.
Thecorelistpresentsalistofminimummedicineneedsforabasichealthcaresystem,listing
themostefficacious,safeandcosteffectivemedicinesforpriorityconditions.Priority
conditionsareselectedonthebasisofcurrentandestimatedfuturepublichealthrelevance,
andpotentialforsafeandcosteffectivetreatment.
Thecomplementarylistpresentsessentialmedicinesforprioritydiseases,forwhich
specializeddiagnosticormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/or
specialisttraining
are
needed.
In
case
of
doubt
medicines
may
also
be
listed
as
complementaryonthebasisofconsistenthighercostsorlessattractivecosteffectivenessina
varietyofsettings.
Thesquareboxsymbol()isprimarilyintendedtoindicatesimilarclinicalperformance
withinapharmacologicalclass.Thelistedmedicineshouldbetheexampleoftheclassfor
whichthereisthebestevidenceforeffectivenessandsafety.Insomecases,thismaybethe
firstmedicinethatislicensedformarketing;inotherinstances,subsequentlylicensed
compoundsmaybesaferormoreeffective.Wherethereisnodifferenceintermsofefficacy
andsafetydata,thelistedmedicineshouldbetheonethatisgenerallyavailableatthelowest
price,based
on
international
drug
price
information
sources.
Therapeuticequivalenceisonlyindicatedonthebasisofreviewsofefficacyandsafetyand
whenconsistentwithWHOclinicalguidelines.Nationallistsshouldnotuseasimilar
symbolandshouldbespecificintheirfinalselection,whichwoulddependonlocal
availabilityandprice.Medicinesarelistedinalphabeticalorder,withinsections.
Theformatandnumberingofthe15thWHOModelListofEssentialMedicineshavebeen
retainedbut,asindicatedinthetext,somesectionshavebeendeletedbecausetheycontain
medicinesthatarenotrelevantforchildren.
IntheListofEssentialMedicinesforChildren,twoadditionalsymbolsareused.
a indicatesthatthereisanagerestrictiononuseofthemedicines;thedetailsforeach
medicineareinTable1.
R indicatesthattheSubcommitteehasendorsedthemedicineasessentialbuthasrequested
areviewoftheefficacyandsafetytoconfirmthisdecision,ortoexpandusetoadditionalage
groups.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (October 2007) -- page 2
ThelistingofamedicineontheEssentialMedicinesListcarriesnoassuranceasto
pharmaceuticalqualityofanindividualproduct.Itistheresponsibilityofeachlocal
regulatoryauthoritytoensurethateachbrandisofappropriatepharmaceuticalquality
(includingstability)andthat,whenrelevant,differentbrandsareinterchangeable.
Dosageformsofmedicinesarelistedinalphabeticalorderandthereisnoimplicationof
preferencefor
one
form
over
another.
Standard
treatment
guidelines
should
be
consulted
for
informationonappropriatedosageforms.
Entriesofthetypeoralliquidareintendedtopermitanysolution,suspensionorotherformof
liquid.Granulesorpowderforreconstitutionasanoralliquidmaysubstitutefororalliquids,
andtypicallycarrybenefitsintheformofbetterstabilityandlowertransportcosts.Ifmore
thanonetypeoforalliquidisavailableonthesamemarket(e.g.solution,suspension,
granulesorpowderforreconstitution),theymaybeinterchangedandinsuchcasesshould
bebioequivalent.Itispreferablethatoralliquidsdonotcontainsugarandthatsolutionsfor
childrendonotcontainalcohol.
Entriesofthetypetabletareintendedtoallowvariousformsofimmediatereleasetabletsuch
asscored,uncoated,filmcoated,crushable,chewable,dispersibleetc.Entericcoating,onthe
otherhand,modifiesdrugrelease,andentericcoatedproductsareamodifiedreleasedosage
form.Crushable,chewableanddispersibletabletsmaybeeasiertoadministertopaediatric
populationsandtotheelderly.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (October 2007) -- page 3
1. ANAESTHETICS
1.1 General anaesthetics and oxygen
halothaneR Inhalation.
R Review for alternative inhalational agents.
ketamine
Injection:50
mg
(as
hydrochloride)/ml
in
10
ml
vial.
nitrousoxide Inhalation.
oxygen Inhalation(medicinalgas).
thiopental Powderforinjection:0.5g;1.0g(sodiumsalt)inampoule.
1.2 Local anaesthetics
bupivacaine
Injection:0.25%;0.5%(hydrochloride)invial.
Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:0.5%(hydrochloride)in
4mlampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.
lidocaine
Injection:1%;
2%
(hydrochloride)
in
vial.
Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:5%(hydrochloride)in
2mlampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.
Topicalforms:2%to4%(hydrochloride).
lidocaine+epinephrine
(adrenaline)
Dentalcartridge:2%(hydrochloride)+epinephrine1:80000.
Injection:1%;2%(hydrochloride)+epinephrine1:200000invial.
1.3 Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures
atropineR
Injection:1mg(sulfate)in1mlampoule.
R Relevance to current clinical practice?
diazepamR
Injection:5mg/mlin2mlampoule.
Tablet:5mg.
R Alternatives such as midazolam preferable?
morphineR Injection:10mg(sulfateorhydrochloride)in1mlampoule.
R Need for review for the next meeting.
2. ANALGESICS, ANTI PY RETICS, NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORYMEDICINES (NSAIMs), MEDICINES USED TO TREAT GOUT AND DISEASE
MODIFYI NG AGENTS IN RHEUMATOID DISORDERS (DMARDs)2.1 Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)
ibuprofena R
Tablet:200mg;400mg.
a >3 months.
R Use in children, focusing on comparative analgesic efficacy andsafety, include role of injection form in patent ductus arteriosus.
paracetamol*
Oralliquid:125mg/5ml.
Suppository:100mg.
Tablet:100mgto500mg.
*Notrecommendedforantiinflammatoryuseduetolackof
provenbenefittothateffect.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (October 2007) -- page 4
ComplementaryList
acetylsalicylicacid*
Suppository:50mgto150mg.
Tablet:100mgto500mg.
*Foruseforrheumaticfever,juvenilearthritis,Kawasakidisease.
2.2 Opioid analgesics
codeine Tablet:15mg(phosphate).
morphine
Injection:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphinesulfate)in
1mlampoule.
Oralliquid:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphine
sulfate)/5ml.
Tablet:10mg(morphinesulfate).
Tablet(prolongedrelease):10mg;30mg;60mg(morphine
sulfate).
2.3 Medicines used to treat gout
2.4 Disease modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)R
R The Subcommittee noted that there is a need for medicines for the treatment of juvenile arthritis but did notendorse any of the currently listed medicines at this time, requesting a review of this section.
3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS
chlorphenamine
a R
Injection:10mg(hydrogenmaleate)in1mlampoule.
Oralliquid:2mg/5ml.
Tablet:4mg
(hydrogen
maleate).
a >1 year.
R Review of diphenhydramine to assess comparative efficacy and safetywith chlorphenamine as a possible preferable alternative.
dexamethasoneInjection:4mgdexamethasonephosphate(asdisodiumsalt)in
1mlampoule.
epinephrine(adrenaline)Injection:1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogentartrate)in
1mlampoule.
hydrocortisone Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.
prednisolone Oralliquid:5mg/ml.Tablet:5mg;25mg.
4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS
4.1 Non-specific
charcoal,activated Powder.
4.2 Specific R
R The Subcommittee recommended that this section be reviewed for its next meeting.
acetylcysteine Injection:200mg/mlin10mlampoule.
atropine Injection:1mg(sulfate)in1mlampoule.
calciumgluconate Injection:100mg/mlin10mlampoule.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (October 2007) -- page 5
deferoxamine Powderforinjection:500mg(mesilate)invial.
dimercaprol Injectioninoil:50mg/mlin2mlampoule.
naloxone Injection:400micrograms(hydrochloride)in1mlampoule.
penicillamineR Capsuleortablet:250mg.
R Comparative effectiveness and safety versus sodium calcium edetate.
sodiumcalciumedetateR Injection:200mg/mlin5mlampoule.
R Comparative effectiveness and safety versus penicillamine.
5. ANTICONVULSANTS/ ANTIEP ILEPTICS
carbamazepine
Oralliquid:100mg/5ml.
Tablet(chewable):100mg;200mg.
Tablet(scored):100mg;200mg.
diazepam
R
Injection:5mg/mlin2mlampoule(intravenousorrectal).
R Review of benzodiazepines as alternative to diazepam (specificallyconsider comparative efficacy and safety of lorazepam and midazolam inrelation to diazepam).
phenobarbital
Injection:200mg/ml(phenobarbitalsodium).
Oralliquid:15mg/5ml(phenobarbital)or5ml(phenobarbital
sodium).
Tablet:15mgto100mg(phenobarbital).
phenytoin
Capsule:25mg;50mg;100mg(sodiumsalt).
Injection:50mg/mlin5mlvial(sodiumsalt).
Oralliquid:25mgto30mg/5ml.*
Tablet:25mg;50mg;100mg(sodiumsalt).
Tablet(chewable):50mg.
*Thepresenceofboth25mg/5mland30mg/5mlstrengthson
thesamemarketwouldcauseconfusioninprescribingand
dispensingandshouldbeavoided.
valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)
Oralliquid:200mg/5ml.
Tablet(crushable):100mg.
Tablet(enteric
coated):
200
mg;
500
mg
(sodium
salt).
ComplementaryList
ethosuximideCapsule:250mg.
Oralliquid:250mg/5ml.
6. ANTI -INFECTIVE MEDICINES
6.1 Anthelminthics R
R Review evidence of efficacy and safety of use of anthelminth/antifilarial/antischistosomal and antitrematodemedicines in children below the specified age in current licences.
6 .1 .1 I n tes t i na l an the lm in t h i cs R
albendazole Tablet(chewable):400mg.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (October 2007) -- page 6
levamisole Tablet:50mg;150mg(ashydrochloride).
mebendazole Tablet(chewable):100mg;500mg.
niclosamide*Tablet(chewable):500mg.
*Niclosamideislistedforusewhenpraziquanteltreatmentfails.
praziquantel
Tablet:150
mg;
600
mg.
pyrantelOralliquid:50mg(asembonate)/ml.
Tablet(chewable):250mg(asembonate).
6.1 .2 Ant i f i la r ia ls R
ivermectin Tablet(scored):3mg;6mg.
ComplementaryList
diethylcarbamazine Tablet:50mg;100mg(dihydrogencitrate).
6 .1 .3 An t i sch i s tosoma ls and an t i t r ema tode m ed icine R
praziquantel Tablet:600mg.
triclabendazole Tablet:250mg.
ComplementaryList
oxamniquine*
Capsule:250mg.
Oralliquid:250mg/5ml.
*Oxamniquineislistedforusewhenpraziquanteltreatmentfails.
6.2 Antibacterials
6.2 .1 Beta Lactam m ed ic ines
amoxicillin
Capsuleortablet:250mg;500mg(anhydrous).
Powderfororalliquid:125mg(anhydrous)/5ml;250mg
(anhydrous)/5ml.
amoxicillin+clavulanicacid
Oralliquid:125mgamoxicillin+31.25mgclavulanicacid/5ml
AND250mgamoxicillin+62.5mgclavulanicacid/5ml.
Tablet:500mg+125mg.
ampicillin Powderforinjection:500mg;1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
benzathinebenzylpenicillinPowder
for
injection:
900 mg
benzylpenicillin
(=1.2
million
IU)in
5mlvial;1.44gbenzylpenicillin(=2.4millionIU)in5mlvial.
benzylpenicillinPowderforinjection:600mg(=1millionIU);3g(=5millionIU)
(sodiumorpotassiumsalt)invial.
cefazolin*a
Powderforinjection:1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
*Forsurgicalprophylaxis.
a >1 month.
ceftriaxoneRPowderforinjection:250mg,1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
R
Review for safety of use in neonates.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (October 2007) -- page 7
cloxacillin
Capsule:500mg;1g(assodiumsalt).
Powderforinjection:500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Powderfororalliquid:125mg(assodiumsalt)/5ml.
phenoxymethylpenicillin
Powderfororalliquid:250mg(aspotassiumsalt)/5ml.
Tablet:250mg(aspotassiumsalt).
procainebenzylpenicillina R
Powderforinjection:1g(=1millionIU);3g(=3millionIU)in
vial.
a Not in neonates />1 month.
R Review use of procaine penicillin in neonates.
ComplementaryList
ceftazidimeR
Powderforinjection:250mg(aspentahydrate)invial.
R Review the use of ceftazidime (predominantly for pseudomonasinfections) - are there preferred alternatives for use in children?
imipenem*+cilastatin*R
Powderforinjection:250mg(asmonohydrate)+250mg(assodium
salt);500mg(asmonohydrate)+500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
*Onlylistedforthetreatmentoflifethreateninghospitalbasedinfection
duetosuspectedorprovenmultidrugresistantinfection.
R Review the use of meropenem and other penems as alternative toimipenem, specifically identifying agents useful in all age groups.
6.2 .2 Other an t ibacte r ia ls
azithromycin*a
Capsule:250mgor500mg.
Oralliquid:
200
mg/5
ml.
*Onlylistedfortrachoma.
a >6 months.
chloramphenicol
Capsule:250mg.
Oilysuspensionforinjection*:0.5g(assodiumsuccinate)/mlin
2mlampoule
*Onlyforthepresumptivetreatmentofepidemicmeningitisin
childrenolderthan2years.
Oral
liquid:
150
mg
(as
palmitate)/5
ml.
Powderforinjection:1g(sodiumsuccinate)invial.
ciprofloxacin*R
Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).
*OnlyfortreatmentofShigellainfections.
R Review of appropriate use of fluroquinolones in children.
doxycycline*R
Capsuleortablet:100mg(hydrochloride).
*Forthetreatmentofcholera.
R Review comparative safety and efficacy of tetracyclines (aretetracyclines other than doxycycline appropriate for this indication and
therefore a square box listing is appropriate?).
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (October 2007) -- page 8
erythromycinR
Capsuleortablet:250mg(asstearateorethylsuccinate).
Powderforinjection:500mg(aslactobionate)invial.
Powderfororalliquid:125mg(asstearateorethylsuccinate).
R Review macrolides used in children for specific indications and
whether erythromycin is the appropriate listed medicine. Review toconsider use in neonates (risk of pyloric stenosis with erythromycin),
relative toxicity and dosing compared to other macrolides. Include
consideration of use of other macrolides for rheumatic fever.
gentamicinR Injection:10mg;40mg(assulfate)/mlin2mlvial.
R Review of evidence on ototoxicity for the next meeting.
metronidazole
Injection:500mgin100mlvial.
Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5ml.
Tablet:200mgto500mg.
nitrofurantoin
Oral
liquid:
25
mg/5
ml.
Tablet:100mg.
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim
Injection:80mg+16mg/mlin5mland10mlampoules.
Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5ml.
Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg.
trimethoprima
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
Tablet:100mg;200mg.
a >6 months.
ComplementaryList
clindamycina
Capsule:150mg.
Injection:150mg(asphosphate)/ml.
Oralliquid:75mg/5ml.
a >1 month.
sulfadiazineR
Injection:250mg(sodiumsalt)in4mlampoule.
Tablet:500mg.
R Review on use of sulfadiazine in children - especially safety, efficacyand dosing in toxoplasmosis.
vancomycin Powderforinjection:250mg(ashydrochloride)invial.
6 .2 .3 An t i l ep rosy m ed icines
Medicinesusedinthetreatmentofleprosyshouldneverbeusedexceptincombination.Combination
therapyisessentialtopreventtheemergenceofdrugresistance.Colourcodedblisterpacks(MDT
blisterpacks)containingstandardtwomedicine(paucibacillaryleprosy)orthreemedicine
(multibacillaryleprosy)combinationsforadultandchildhoodleprosyshouldbeused.MDTblister
packscanbesuppliedfreeofchargethroughWHO.
clofazimine Capsule:50mg;100mg.
dapsone Tablet:25mg;50mg;100mg.
rifampicin Capsuleortablet:150mg;300mg.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (October 2007) -- page 9
6 .2 .4 An t i tube rcu los is m ed icines R
R The Subcommittee requested a review of medicines used for TB in children, including evidence regardingdose, and alternatives for streptomycin.
ethambutol
Oralliquid:25mg/ml.
Tablet:100mg;400mg(hydrochloride).
isoniazid
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
Tablet:100mg;300mg.
Tablet(scored):50mg.
pyrazinamide
Oralliquid:30mg/ml.
Tablet:400mg.
Tablet(dispersible):150mg.
Tablet(scored):
150
mg.
rifampicinCapsuleortablet:150mg;300mg.
Oralliquid:20mg/ml.
rifampicin+isoniazid
Tablet:
60mg+30mg.
60mg+60mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).
rifampicin+isoniazid+
pyrazinamideTablet:60mg+30mg+150mg.
streptomycin
Powderfor
injection:
1g(as
sulfate)
in
vial.
ComplementaryList
Reservesecondlinedrugsforthetreatmentofmultidrugresistanttuberculosis(MDRTB)shouldbe
usedinspecializedcentresadheringtoWHOstandardsforTBcontrol.R
R The Subcommittee has included these in recognition of the need for medicines for MDR-TB in children, buthas not reviewed evidence at this meeting and therefore the section should be reviewed for the next meeting.
amikacin Powderforinjection:1000mginvial.
capreomycin Powderforinjection:1000mginvial.
cycloserine
Capsuleor
tablet:
250
mg.
ethionamide Tablet:125mg;250mg.
kanamycin Powderforinjection:1000mginvial.
ofloxacin*
Tablet:200mg;400mg.
*Levofloxacinmaybeanalternative basedonavailabilityand
programmeconsiderations.
paminosalicylicacidGranules:4ginsachet.
Tablet:500mg.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (October 2007) -- page 10
6.3 Antifungal medicines
fluconazole
Capsule:50mg.
Injection:2mg/mlinvial.
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
griseofulvinCapsuleortablet:125mg;250mg.
Oralliquid:125mg/5ml.
nystatin
Lozenge:100000IU.
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml;100000IU/ml.
Tablet:100000IU;500000IU.
ComplementaryList
amphotericinB Powderforinjection:50mginvial.
flucytosineCapsule:250mg.
Infusion:2.5gin250ml.
potassiumiodide Saturatedsolution.
6.4 Antiviral medicines
6.4 .1 Ant iherpes med ic ines
aciclovir
Oralliquid:200mg/5ml.
Powderforinjection:250mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Tablet:200mg.
6 .4 .2 An t i r e t r ov i r a l s
Basedoncurrentevidenceandexperienceofuse,medicinesinthefollowingthreeclassesof
antiretroviralsareincludedasessentialmedicinesfortreatmentandpreventionofHIV(preventionof
mothertochildtransmissionandpostexposureprophylaxis).TheSubcommitteeemphasizesthe
importanceofusingtheseproductsinaccordancewithglobalandnationalguidelines.The
Subcommitteerecommendsandendorsestheuseoffixeddosecombinationsandthedevelopmentof
appropriatenewfixeddosecombinations,includingmodifieddosageforms,nonrefrigerated
productsandpaediatricdosageformswithassuredpharmaceuticalquality.
TheSubcommitteenotesthatscoredtabletscanbeusedinchildrenandthereforecanbeconsidered
forinclusion
in
the
listing
of
tablets,
provided
adequate
quality
products
are
available.
6 .4 .2 .1 Nuc leos ide/ Nuc leo t i de reve rse t r anscr ip tase i nh ib i to r s
abacavir(ABC)Oralliquid:100mg(assulfate)/5ml.
Tablet:300mg(assulfate).
didanosine(ddI)
Bufferedpowderfororalliquid:100mg;167mg;250mgpackets.
Capsule(unbufferedentericcoated):125mg;200mg;250mg;
400mg.
Tablet(bufferedchewable,dispersible):25mg;50mg;100mg;
150
mg;
200
mg.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (October 2007) -- page 11
emtricitabine(FTC)*a
Capsule:200mg.
Oralliquid:10mg/ml.
*FTCisanacceptablealternativeto3TC,basedonknowledgeof
thepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsof
antiretrovirals.
a >3 months.
lamivudine(3TC)Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
Tablet:150mg.
stavudine(d4T)Capsule:15mg;20mg;30mg.
Powderfororalliquid:5mg/5ml.
zidovudine
(ZDV
or
AZT)
Capsule:100mg;250mg.
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
Solutionfor
IV
infusion
injection:
10
mg/ml
in
20
ml
vial.
Tablet:300mg.
6.4 .2 .2 Non-nuc leos ide reverse t ranscr ip t ase inh ib i t o rs
efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)a
Capsule:50mg;100mg;200mg.
Oralliquid:150mg/5ml.
Tablet:600mg.
a >3 years or >10 kg weight.
nevirapine(NVP)
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
Tablet:200mg.
6.4 .2 .3 Pro t ease inh ib i t o rs
Selectionofproteaseinhibitor(s)fromtheModelListwillneedtobedeterminedbyeachcountryafter
considerationofinternationalandnationaltreatmentguidelinesandexperience.Ritonaviris
recommendedforuseincombinationasapharmacologicalbooster,andnotasanantiretroviralinits
ownright.
Thissectionwillbereviewed.Itisexpectedthatapplicationforaheatstabletabletformulation
containing200/50mglopinavir+ritonavirwillbesubmittedforthenextmeeting.
lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r) Capsule:133.3mg+33.3mg.Oralliquid:400mg+100mg/5ml.
nelfinavir(NFV)Oralpowder:50mg/g.
Tablet:250mg(asmesilate).
ritonavirOralliquid:400mg/5ml.
Oralsoliddosageform:100mg.
saquinavir(SQV)a Capsule:200mg.
a >25 kg weight.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (October 2007) -- page 12
FI XED-DOSE COMBI NATI ONS
stavudine+lamivudine+
nevirapine
Tablet:30mg+150mg+200mg.
zidovudine+lamivudine Tablet:300mg+150mg.
zidovudine+lamivudine
+
nevirapine
Tablet:300
mg
+150
mg
+200
mg.
6 .4 .3 Othe r an t i v i r a l s
ribavirin*
Injectionforintravenousadministration:800mgand1000mgin
10mlphosphatebuffersolution.
Oralsoliddosageforms:200mg;400mg;600mg.
*Forthetreatmentofviralhaemorrhagicfeversonly.
6.5 Antiprotozoal medicines
6.5 .1 Ant iam oeb ic and an t ig ia rd ias is m ed ic ines
diloxanidea R
Tablet:500mg(furoate).
a >25 kg weight.
R Review of effectiveness and safety for amoebiasis, with emphasis oncomparative efficacy, safety, and age limits compared with oralparomomycin.
metronidazole
Injection:500mgin100mlvial.
Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5ml.
Tablet:200mgto500mg.
6.5 .2 Ant i le ishman ias is med ic ines
paromomycinSolutionforintramuscularinjection:750mgofparomomycin
basepresentasthesulfate.
sodiumstibogluconateor
meglumineantimoniate
Injection:100mg/ml,1vial=30mlor30%,equivalentto
approximately8.1%antimonyin5mlampoule.
ComplementaryList
amphotericinB Powderforinjection:50mginvial.
6 .5 .3 An t im a lar i a l m ed icines
6 .5 .3 .1 Fo r cu ra t i ve t r ea tmen t
MedicinesforthetreatmentofP.falciparummalariacasesshouldbeusedincombination. Thelist
currentlyrecommendscombinationsaccordingtotreatmentguidelines. TheSubcommittee
recognizesthatnotalloftheseFDCsexistandencouragestheirdevelopmentandrigoroustesting.
TheSubcommitteealsoencouragesdevelopmentandtestingofrectaldosageformulations.
amodiaquine*
Tablet:153mgor200mg(ashydrochloride).
*Tobeused(a)incombinationwithartesunate50mgOR
(b)maybeusedaloneforthetreatmentofP.vivax,P.ovaleand
P.malariaeinfections.
artemetherOilyinjection:80mg/mlin1mlampoule.
Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.
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artemether+lumefantrine*
Tablet:20mg+120mg.
*Notrecommendedinthefirsttrimesterofpregnancyorin
childrenbelow5kg.
artesunate*
Injection:ampoules,containing60mganhydrousartesunicacid
withaseparateampouleof5%sodiumbicarbonatesolution.
Foruse
in
the
management
of
severe
malaria.
Rectaldosageform:50mg;200mgcapsules(forprereferral
treatmentofseveremalariaonly;patientsshouldbetakentoan
appropriatehealthfacilityforfollowupcare).
Tablet:50mg.
*Tobeusedincombinationwitheitheramodiaquine,mefloquine
orsulfadoxine+pyrimethamine.
chloroquine*
Oralliquid:50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5ml.
Tablet:100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
*ForuseonlyincentralAmericanregions,foruseforP.vivax.
doxycycline*
Capsule:100mg(ashydrochloride).
Tablet(dispersible):100mg(asmonohydrate).
*Foruseonlyincombinationwithquinine.
mefloquine*Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).
*Tobeusedincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
primaquine*
Tablet:7.5mg;15mg(asdiphosphate).
*Only
for
use
to
achieve
radical
cure
of
P.vivaxandP.ovale
infections,givenfor14days.
quinine*
Injection:300mgquininehydrochloride/mlin2mlampoule.
Tablet:300mg(quininesulfate)or300mg(quininebisulfate).
*Foruseonlyinthemanagementofseveremalaria,andshould
beusedincombinationwithdoxycycline.
sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine*Tablet:500mg+25mg.
*Onlyincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
6.5 .3 .2 For p roph y lax is
chloroquine*
Oralliquid:50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5ml.
Tablet:150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
*ForuseonlyincentralAmericanregions,foruseforP.vivax.
doxycyclinea Capsuleortablet:100mg(ashydrochloride).
a >8 years.
mefloquinea Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).
a >5 kg or >3 months.
proguanil*Tablet:100mg(ashydrochloride).
*Foruseonlyincombinationwithchloroquine.
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6 .5 .4 An t i - pneum ocys tosi s and an t i t oxop lasm os is med ic ines
pyrimethamine Tablet:25mg.
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim
Injection:80mg+16mg/mlin5mlampoule;
80mg+16mg/mlin10mlampoule.
Oralliquid:
200
mg
+40
mg/5
ml.
Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg.
6 .5 .5 An t i t r y panosom a l med ic ines R
R The Subcommittee requested a review of evidence for effectiveness and safety for medicines fortrypanosomiasis in children for the next meeting.
6 .5 .5 .1 A f r i can t r y panosom iasi s
Medicinesforthetreatmentof1ststageAfricantrypanosomiasis
pentamidine*
Powderforinjection:200mg(pentamidineisetionate)invial.
*To
be
used
for
the
treatment
of
Trypanosomabruceigambiense
infection.
suraminsodium* Powderforinjection:1ginvial.
*Tobeusedforthetreatmentoftheinitialphaseof
Trypanosomabruceirhodesienseinfection.
Medicinesforthetreatmentof2ndstageAfricantrypanosomiasis
eflornithine Injection:200mg(hydrochloride)/mlin100mlbottle.
melarsoprol Injection:3.6%solution,5mlampoules(180mgofactive
compound).
6 .5 .5 .2 Amer i can t r ypanosomias i s
benznidazole Tablet:100mg.
nifurtimox Tablet:30mg;120mg;250mg.
7. ANTIM IGRAINE MEDICINES
7.1 For treatment of acute attack
ibuprofen Tablet:200mg;400mg.
paracetamol
Syrup:125mg/5ml.
Tablet:300mgto500mg.
7.2 For prophylaxis
propranolol Tablet:20mg;40mg(hydrochloride).
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8. ANTINEOPLASTIC, IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES AND MEDICINES USED INPALLI ATIVE CARE R
R The Subcommittee noted that these immunosuppressives and cytotoxics are essential for children butrequested that these medicines be reviewed for the next meeting.
8.1 Immunosuppressive medicines
ComplementaryList
azathioprinePowderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Tablet:50mg.
ciclosporin
Capsule:25mg.
Concentrateforinjection:50mg/mlin1mlampoulefororgan
transplantation.
8.2 Cytotoxic med icines
ComplementaryList
allopurinol Tablet:100mgto300mg.
asparaginase Powderforinjection:10000IUinvial.
bleomycin Powderforinjection:15mg(assulfate)invial.
calciumfolinateInjection:3mg/mlin10mlampoule.
Tablet:15mg.
chlorambucil Tablet:2mg.
cisplatin Powderforinjection:10mg;50mginvial.
cyclophosphamide Powderforinjection:500
mg
in
vial.
Tablet:25mg.
cytarabine Powderforinjection:100mginvial.
dacarbazine Powderforinjection:100mginvial.
dactinomycin Powderforinjection:500microgramsinvial.
daunorubicin Powderforinjection:50mg(ashydrochloride).
doxorubicin Powderforinjection:10mg;50mg(hydrochloride)invial.
etoposideCapsule:100mg.
Injection:20mg/mlin5mlampoule.
fluorouracil Injection:50mg/mlin5mlampoule.
mercaptopurine Tablet:50mg.
methotrexatePowderforinjection:50mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).
procarbazine Capsule:50mg(ashydrochloride).
vinblastine Powderforinjection:10mg(sulfate)invial.
vincristine Powderforinjection:1mg;5mg(sulfate)invial.
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8.3 Hormones and antihormones
ComplementaryList
dexamethasoneInjection:4mgdexamethasonephosphate(asdisodiumsalt)in
1mlampoule.
hydrocortisone Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.
prednisolone*
Oralliquid:5mg/ml.
Tablet:5mg;25mg.
*Prednisoneshouldbeconsideredequivalenttoprednisolone.
8.4 Medicines used in palliative care
TheWHOExpertCommitteerecognizestheimportanceoflistingspecificmedicinesinthePalliative
CareSection. Somemedicinescurrentlyusedinpalliativecareareincludedintherelevantsectionsof
theModelList,accordingtotheirtherapeuticuse,e.g.analgesics. TheGuidelinesforPalliativeCare
thatwerereferencedinthepreviouslistareinneedofupdate. TheExpertCommitteeexpects
applicationsformedicinesneededforpalliativecaretobesubmittedforthenextmeeting.
9. ANTIP ARKINSONISM MEDICINES
10. MEDICINES AFFECTING THE BLOOD
10.1 Antianaemia medicines
TheSubcommitteeproposedareviewoftheevidenceforappropriatedosecombinationsofironand
folicacidforchildrenforconsiderationatitsnextmeeting.
ferroussaltOralliquid:equivalentto25mgelementaliron/ml.
Tablet:equivalentto60mgiron.
folicacid
Tablet:
1mg;
5mg.
hydroxocobalamin Injection:1mgin1mlampoule.
10.2 Medicines affecting coagulation
phytomenadioneInjection:1mg/ml;10mg/mlin5mlampoule.
Tablet:10mg.
ComplementaryList
heparinsodium Injection:1000IU/ml;5000IU/ml;20,000IU/mlin1mlampoule.
protaminesulfate Injection:10mg/mlin5mlampoule.
warfarin Tablet:0.5mg;1.0mg;2.0mg;5.0mg(sodiumsalt).
11. BLOOD PRODUCTS AND P LASMA SUBSTITUTES
11.1 Plasma substitutes R
R The Subcommittee requested a review to determine whether these medicines are essential for children.
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11.2 Plasma fractions for specific use
AllplasmafractionsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsfortheCollection,Processingand
QualityControlofBlood,BloodComponentsandPlasmaDerivatives(Revised1992).(WHOTechnical
ReportSeries,No.840,1994,Annex2).
ComplementaryList
humannormal
immunoglobulin
Intramuscularadministration:16%proteinsolution.*
Intravenousadministration:5%;10%proteinsolution.**
Subcutaneousadministration:15%; 16%proteinsolution.*
* Indicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiency.
**IndicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiencyandKawasakidisease.
factorVIIIconcentrate Dried.
factorIXcomplex(coagulation
factors,II,VII,IX,X)concentrateDried.
12. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES
12.1 Antianginal medicines
12.2 Antiarrhythmic medicines R
R The Subcommittee noted the potential importance of these medicines in children but requested a review ofthe section before endorsing any medicine as essential.
12.3 Antihypertensive medicines R
R The Subcommittee noted the potential importance of these medicines in children but requested a review ofthe section before endorsing any medicine as essential.
12.4 Medicines used in heart failure R
RThe Subcommittee noted the potential importance of these medicines in children but requested a review ofthe section for the next meeting.
digoxin
Injection:250micrograms/mlin2mlampoule.
Oralliquid:50micrograms/ml.
Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.
furosemide
Injection:10mg/mlin2mlampoule.
Oralliquid:20mg/5ml.
Tablet:40mg.
ComplementaryList
dopamineR
Injection:40mg(hydrochloride)in5mlvial.
RReview of safety and efficacy and place in therapy of dopamine inchildren.
12.5 Antithrombotic medicinesR
RThe Subcommittee noted the potential importance of these medicines in children but requested a review ofthe section before endorsing any medicine as essential.
12.6 Lipid-lowering agents R
R The Subcommittee noted the potential importance of these medicines in children but requested a review ofthe section before endorsing any medicine as essential.
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13. DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES (topical) R
RThe Subcommittee noted the need for a review of this section with alternative possible additions to the list.
13.1 Antifungal medicines
benzoicacid+salicylicacid Ointmentorcream:6%+3%.
miconazole
Ointment
or
cream:
2%
(nitrate).
ComplementaryList
seleniumsulfide Detergentbasedsuspension:2%.
13.2 Anti-infective medicines
methylrosaniliniumchloride
(gentianviolet)R
Aqueoussolution:0.5%.
Tincture:0.5%.
RReview of new evidence from ongoing trials.
neomycinsulfate+bacitracin Ointment:5mgneomycinsulfate+250IUbacitracinzinc/g.
potassiumpermanganate Aqueoussolution:1:10000.
silversulfadiazineaCream:1%,in500gcontainer.
a >2 months.
13.3 Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines
betamethasonea Creamorointment:0.1%(asvalerate).
a Hydrocortisone preferred in neonates.
calaminelotion Lotion.
hydrocortisone
Creamor
ointment:
1%
(acetate).
13.4 Astringent medicines R
RThe Subcommittee requested a review to determine whether these medicines are essential for children.
13.5 Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation
benzoylperoxide Creamorlotion:5%.
coaltar Solution:5%.
dithranol Ointment:0.1%to2.0%.
podophyllumresin Solution:10%to25%.
salicylicacid Solution:5%.
urea Creamorointment:10%.
13.6 Scabicides and pediculicides
benzylbenzoatea R
Lotion:25%.
a >2 years.
RReview of alternatives to benzyl benzoate for use in younger children(possible role for sulphur-based preparations in younger children).
permethrin
Cream:5%.
Lotion:1%.
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14. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS
14.1 Ophthalmic medicines
fluorescein Eyedrops:1%(sodiumsalt).
tropicamide Eyedrops:0.5%.
14.2 Radiocontrast media RR The Subcommittee requested a review of possible alternative contrast agents for use in children.
ComplementaryList
bariumsulfate Aqueoussuspension.
15. DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTI CS
15.1 Antiseptics
chlorhexidine Solution:5%(digluconate)fordilution.
ethanol Solution:70%(denatured).
polyvidoneiodine Solution:10%.
15.2 Disinfectants
chlorinebasecompound Powder:(0.1%availablechlorine)forsolution.
chloroxylenol Solution:4.8%.
glutaral Solution:2%.
16. DIURETICS
furosemide
Injection:10mg/mlin2mlampoule.
Oralliquid:20mg/5ml.
Tablet:10mg;20mg;40mg.
ComplementaryList
hydrochlorothiazide Tablet(scored):25mg.
mannitolR Injectablesolution:10%;20%.
RReview of comparative efficacy, safety and place in therapy ofmannitol in children.
spironolactoneR
Oralliquid:1to20mg/ml.
Tablet:25mg.
RReview of comparative efficacy, safety and place in therapy ofspironolactone in children.
17. GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICINES
17.1 Antacids and other antiulcer medicines
aluminiumhydroxideOralliquid:320mg/5ml.
Tablet:500mg.
magnesiumhydroxide Oralliquid:equivalentto550mgmagnesiumoxide/10ml.
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ranitidine
Injection:25mg/mlin2mlampoule.
Oralliquid:75mg/5ml.
Tablet:150mg(ashydrochloride).
17.2 Antiemetic medicines
metoclopramidea
Injection:
5
mg
(hydrochloride)/ml
in
2
ml
ampoule.
Oralliquid:5mg/5ml.
Tablet:10mg(hydrochloride).
a Not in neonates.
promethazinea
Injection:25mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
Oralliquid:5mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.
Tablet:10mg;25mg(hydrochloride).
a >2 years.
17.3 Anti-inflammatory medicines
17.4 Laxatives R
R The Subcommittee noted the potential importance of these medicines in children but requested a review ofthe section before endorsing any medicine as essential.
17.5 Medicines used in diarrhoea
17 .5 .1 Ora l r ehyd ra t i on
oralrehydrationsalts
glucose: 75mEq
sodium: 75mEqormmol/l
chloride: 65mEqormmol/l
potassium:
20mEq
or
mmol/l
citrate: 10mmol/l
osmolarity: 245mOsm/l
glucose: 13.5g/l
sodiumchloride: 2.6g/l
potassiumchloride: 1.5g/l
trisodiumcitratedihydrate+: 2.9g/l
+trisodiumcitratedihydratemaybereplacedbysodiumhydrogen
carbonate(sodiumbicarbonate)2.5g/l.However,asthestabilityofthis
latterformulationisverypoorundertropicalconditions,itisonly
recommendedwhenmanufacturedforimmediateuse.
17.5 .2 Med ic ines fo r d ia r rhoea in ch i ld ren
zincsulfate*R
Oralliquid:in10mgperunitdosageforms.
Tablet:in10mgperunitdosageforms.
*Inacutediarrhoeazincsulfateshouldbeusedasanadjunctto
oralrehydrationsalts.
R Review of availability of appropriate dosage forms.
17 .5 .3 An t i d ia r rhoea l ( sym p tom a t i c ) m ed icines i n adu l t s
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18. HORMONES, OTHER ENDOCRINE MEDICINES AND CONTRACEPTIVES
18.1 Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes R
R The Subcommittee noted the need for adrenal hormones and requested that appropriate products bereviewed for possible inclusion.
18.2 Androgens
18.3 Contraceptives
18 .3 .1 Ora l ho rm ona l con t racep t i ves
18 .3 .2 I n jec tab le ho rmona l con t racep t i ves
18 .3 .3 I n t r au te r i ne dev i ces
18 .3 .4 Ba r r i e r m e thods
18.3.5 Implantable contraceptives
18.4 Estrogens
18.5 Insulins and other antidiabetic agents
insulininjection(soluble) Injection:40IU/mlin10mlvial;100IU/mlin10mlvial.
intermediateactinginsulinInjection:40IU/mlin10mlvial;100IU/mlin10mlvial
(ascompoundinsulinzincsuspensionorisophaneinsulin).
ComplementaryList
metforminR Tablet:500mg(hydrochloride).
RReview of public health relevance of this medicine in children.
18.6 Ovulation inducers
18.7 Progestogens
18.8 Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines
levothyroxineTablet:25micrograms;50micrograms;100micrograms
(sodiumsalt).
ComplementaryList
Lugolssolution Oralliquid:about130mgtotaliodine/ml.
potassiumiodide Tablet:60mg.
propylthiouracilR
Tablet:50mg.
R Review of use of propylthiouracil in children and appropriateness ofcarbimazole as an alternative.
19. IMMUNOLOGICALS
19.1 Diagnostic agents
AlltuberculinsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsforTuberculins(Revised1985).WHO
ExpertCommitteeonBiologicalStandardization.Thirtysixthreport.(WHOTechnicalReportSeries,
No.745,1987,Annex1).
tuberculin,purifiedprotein
derivative
(PPD)
Injection.
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19.2 Sera and immunoglobulins
AllplasmafractionsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsfortheCollection,Processingand
QualityControlofBlood,BloodComponentsandPlasmaDerivatives(Revised1992).WHOExpert
CommitteeonBiologicalStandardization.Fortythirdreport.(WHOTechnicalReportSeries,No.840,
1994,Annex2).
antitetanusimmunoglobulin
(human)Injection:
500
IU
in
vial.
antivenomimmunoglobulin*Injection.
*Exacttypetobedefinedlocally.
diphtheriaantitoxin Injection:10000IU;20000IUinvial.
rabiesimmunoglobulin Injection:150IU/mlinvial.
19.3 Vaccines
SelectionofvaccinesfromtheModelListwillneedtobedeterminedbyeachcountryafter
consideration
of
international
recommendations,
epidemiology
and
national
priorities.
The
list
below
detailsthevaccinesforwhichthereiseitherarecommendationfromtheStrategicAdvisoryGroupof
ExpertsonImmunization(SAGE)
(http://www.who.int/immunization/sage_conclusions/en/index.html)and/oraWHOpositionpaper
(http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/positionpapers/en/index.html).Thissitewillbe
updatedasnewpositionpapersarepublishedandcontainsthemostrecentinformationand
recommendations.AllvaccinesshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsforBiological
Substances.
TheSubcommitteenotedtheneedforvaccinesusedinchildrentobepolyvalent.
BCGvaccine
choleravaccine
diphtheriavaccine
hepatitisAvaccine
hepatitisBvaccine
Haemophilusinfluenzaetypeb
vaccine
influenzavaccine
Japaneseencephalitisvaccine
measlesvaccine
meningococcalmeningitis
vaccine
mumpsvaccine
pertussisvaccine
pneumococcalvaccine
poliomyelitisvaccine
rabiesvaccine
rotavirusvaccine
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rubellavaccine
tetanusvaccine
typhoidvaccine
varicellavaccine
yellowfever
vaccine
20. MUSCLE RELAXANTS (PERIPHERALLY-ACTING) ANDCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS R
R The Subcommittee recommended a review of the alternatives available for use in children.
neostigmine
Injection:500microgramsin1mlampoule;2.5mg(metilsulfate)
in1mlampoule.
Tablet:15mg(bromide).
suxamethoniumInjection:50mg(chloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
Powder
for
injection:
(chloride),
in
vial.
vecuronium Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.
ComplementaryList
pyridostigmineInjection:1mgin1mlampoule.
Tablet:60mg(bromide).
21. OPHTHALMOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS R
R The Subcommittee requested a review of newer medicines for potential additions to this list.
21.1 Anti-infective agents
aciclovir Ointment:3%W/W.
gentamicin Solution(eyedrops):0.3%(sulfate).
tetracycline Eyeointment:1%(hydrochloride).
21.2 Anti-inflammatory agents
prednisolone Solution(eyedrops):0.5%(sodiumphosphate).
21.3 Local anaesthetics
tetracaineaSolution(eyedrops):0.5%(hydrochloride).
a Not in preterm neonates.
21.4 Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines
21.5 Mydriatics
atropine*a
Solution(eyedrops):0.1%;0.5%;1%(sulfate).
*ORhomatropineorcyclopentolate.
a >3 months.
ComplementaryList
epinephrine(adrenaline)R
Solution(eyedrops):2%(ashydrochloride).
R Review of anti-infective eye drops, identifying which are mostappropriate for use in children.
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22. OXYTOCICS AND ANTIOXYTOCICS
22.1 Oxytocics
22.2 Antioxytocics (tocolytics)
23. PERITONEAL DIALY SIS SOLUTION
ComplementaryList
intraperitonealdialysis
solution(ofappropriate
composition)
Parenteralsolution.
24. PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC MEDICINES
24.1 Medicines used in psychotic disorders R
RThe Subcommittee requested a review of appropriate antipsychotics for use in children.
chlorpromazine
Injection:25mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
Oral
liquid:
25
mg
(hydrochloride)/5
ml.
Tablet:10mg;25mg;50mg;100mg(hydrochloride).
haloperidol
Injection:5mgin1mlampoule.
Oralliquid:2mg/ml.
Oralsoliddosageform:0.5mg;2.0mg;5.0mg.
24.2 Medicines used in mood disorders
24.2 .1 Med ic ines used in depress ive d isorders
ComplementaryList
fluoxetineaCapsuleortablet:20mg(presentashydrochloride).
a >8 years.
24.2 .2 Med ic ines used in b ipo la r d isorders R
RThe Subcommittee noted the potential importance of these medicines in children but requested a review ofthe section before endorsing any medicine as essential.
24.3 Medicines used in generalized anxiety and sleep disorders R
RThe Subcommittee noted the potential importance of these medicines in children but requested a review ofthe section before endorsing any medicine as essential.
24.4 Medicines used for obsessive compu lsive disorders and panic attacks R
RThe Subcommittee noted the potential importance of these medicines in children but requested a review ofthe section before endorsing any medicine as essential.
24.5 Medicines used in substance dependence programmes R
R The Subcommittee noted the potential importance of these medicines, particularly in neonates, butrequested an assessment of the evidence before endorsing any medicine as essential.
25. MEDICINES ACTING ON THE RESPIRATORY TRACT
25.1 Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
budesonideInhalation(aerosol):50microgramsperdose(dipropionate);
250micrograms(dipropionate)perdose.
epinephrine(adrenaline)Injection:1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogentartrate)in
1mlampoule.
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salbutamol
Injection:50micrograms(assulfate)/mlin5mlampoule.
Metereddose inhaler (aerosol): 100 micrograms (as sulfate) per
dose.
Oralliquid:2mg/5ml.
R Review of the place in therapy of oral salbutamol preparations in
children, with particular emphasis on efficacy and safety in asthma andin the wheezy child with acute respiratory tract infection.
Respiratorsolutionforuseinnebulizers:5mg(assulfate)/ml.
Tablet:2mg;4mg(assulfate).
R As for oral liquid.
25.2 Other medicines acting on the respiratory tract
caffeinecitrateInjection:20mg/ml(equivalentto10mgcaffeinebase/ml).
Oralliquid:20mg/ml(equivalentto10mgcaffeinebase/ml).
26. SOLUTIONS CORRECTING WATER, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASEDISTURBANCES
26.1 Oral
oralrehydrationsalts Seesection17.5.1.
potassiumchloride Powderforsolution.
26.2 Parenteral
glucose Injectablesolution:5%;10%isotonic;50%hypertonic.
glucosewithsodiumchloride
Injectablesolution:4%glucose,0.18%sodiumchloride
(equivalent
to
Na+
30
mmol/l,
Cl
30
mmol/l);
5%
glucose,
0.9%
sodiumchloride(equivalentto150mmol/lNa+and150mmol/l
Cl); 5%glucose,0.45%sodiumchloride(equivalentto75mmol/l
Na+and75mmol/lCl).
potassiumchlorideSolution:11.2%in20mlampoule
(equivalenttoK+1.5mmol/ml,Cl1.5mmol/ml).
sodiumchlorideInjectablesolution:0.9%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+154mmol/l,
Cl154mmol/l).
sodiumhydrogen
carbonate
Injectablesolution:1.4%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+167mmol/l,
HCO3 167mmol/l).
Solution:8.4%in10mlampoule(equivalenttoNa+1000mmol/l,
HCO31000mmol/l).
sodiumlactate,compound
solutionInjectablesolution.
26.3 Miscellaneous
waterforinjection 2ml;5ml;10mlampoules.
27. VITAMI NS AND MINERALS R
R The Subcommittee noted the need for a review of this section of the list to meet public health needs in
children.
ascorbicacid Tablet:50mg.
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cholecalciferol*
Capsuleortablet:400IU;1000IU.
Oralliquid:400IU/ml.
*Ergocalciferolcanbeusedasanalternative.
iodine
Capsule:200mg.
Iodized
oil:
1
ml
(480
mg
iodine);
0.5
ml
(240
mg
iodine)
in
ampoule(oralorinjectable);0.57ml(308mgiodine)indispenser
bottle.
pyridoxine Tablet:25mg(hydrochloride).
retinol
Capsule:50000IU;100000IU;200000IU(aspalmitate).
Oraloilysolution:100000IU(aspalmitate)/mlinmultidose
dispenser.
Tablet(sugarcoated):10000IU(aspalmitate).
Watermiscibleinjection:100000IU(aspalmitate)in
2ml
ampoule.
riboflavin Tablet:5mg.
sodiumfluoride Inanyappropriatetopicalformulation.
thiamine Tablet:50mg(hydrochloride).
ComplementaryList
calciumgluconate Injection:100mg/mlin10mlampoule.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (October 2007) -- page 27
Table1:Medicineswithagerestrictions
atropine >3months
azithromycin
>6months
benzylbenzoate >2years
betamethasonetopicalpreparations Hydrocortisonepreferredinneonates
cefazolin >1month
chlorphenamine >1year
clindamycin >1month
diloxanide >25kgweight
doxycyline >8years
efavirenz >3yearsor>10kgweight
emtricitabine >3months
fluoxetine >8years
ibuprofen >3months
mefloquine >5kgor>3months
metoclopramide Notinneonates
procainebenzylpenicillin Notinneonates/>1month
promethazine >2years
saquinavir >25kgweight
silversulfadiazine >2months
tetracaine Notinpretermneonates
trimethoprim
>6months
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (October 2007) -- page 28
INDEX
abacavir(ABC).................................................. . 10
acetylcysteine............ ........................................... 4
acetylsalicylicacid.................................................. 4
aciclovir ........................................................ 10,23
albendazole .......................................................... 5
allopurinol................................................. ........... 15
aluminiumhydroxide....................................... 19
amikacin ........................................................ ......... 9
amodiaquine .................................................... .. 12
amoxicillin.......................................................... .. 6
amoxicillin+clavulanicacid.............................. 6
amphotericinB ............................................... 10,12
ampicillin................................ .............................. 6
antitetanusimmunoglobulin(human)........... 22
antivenomimmunoglobulin............................ 22
artemether .......................................................... 12
artemether+lumefantrine ............................... 13
artesunate ........................................................... 13
ascorbicacid................. ...................................... 25
asparaginase........................................................ . 15
atropine....................................................... 3,4,23
azathioprine............................................... ........... 15
azithromycin ........................................................ 7
bariumsulfate ..................................................... . 19
BCGvaccine ....................................................... 22
benzathinebenzylpenicillin......... ...................... 6
benznidazole...................................................... 14
benzoicacid+salicylicacid ............................. 18
benzoylperoxide..... .......................................... 18
benzylbenzoate....... .......................................... 18
benzylpenicillin ................................................... 6
betamethasone................................................... 18
bleomycin .................................................. ........... 15
budesonide.......................... ............................... 24
bupivacaine.......................................................... 3
caffeinecitrate......................... ........................... 25
calaminelotion .................................................. 18
calciumfolinate ................................................... . 15
calciumgluconate ......................................... 4,26
capreomycin ........................................................... 9
carbamazepine............................... ...................... 5
cefazolin.......................................... ...................... 6
ceftazidime .................................................... ......... 7
ceftriaxone............................................................ 6
charcoal,activated............................................... 4
chlorambucil....................................................... .. 15
chloramphenicol......................... ......................... 7
chlorhexidine ..................................................... 19
chlorine
base
compound .................................. 19
chloroquine ........................................................ 13
chloroxylenol ..................................................... 19
chlorphenamine................................................... 4
chlorpromazine ................................................. 24
cholecalciferol.................................................... 26
choleravaccine .................................................. 22
ciclosporin............................................................ 15
ciprofloxacin ........................................................ 7
cisplatin................................................................ 15
clindamycin ........................................................... 8
clofazimine........................................................... 8
cloxacillin ............................................................. 7
coaltar ......................................................... ....... 18
codeine.................................................................. 4
cyclophosphamide ................................................ 15
cycloserine.............................................................. 9
cytarabine............................................................. 15
dacarbazine .......................................................... 15
dactinomycin........................................................ 15
dapsone ................................................................ 8
daunorubicin........................................................ 15
deferoxamine....................................................... 5
dexamethasone.............................................. 4,16
diazepam.......................................................... 3,5
didanosine(ddI)................................................ 10
diethylcarbamazine ................................................ 6
digoxin................................................................ 17
diloxanide........................................................... 12
dimercaprol.......................................................... 5
diphtheria
antitoxin.......................................... 22
diphtheriavaccine............................................. 22
dithranol............................................................. 18
dopamine.............................................................. 17
doxorubicin .......................................................... 15
doxycycline .................................................... 7,13
efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)..................................... 11
eflornithine......................................................... 14
emtricitabine(FTC)........................................... 11
epinephrine(adrenaline).........................4,23,24
erythromycin ....................................................... 8
ethambutol........................................................... 9
ethanol ........................................................ ........ 19
ethionamide............................................................ 9
ethosuximide .......................................................... 5
etoposide............................................................... 15
factorIXcomplex(coagulationfactors,II,VII,IX,
X)concentrate................................................. 17
factorVIIIconcentrate ......................................... 17
ferroussalt.......................................................... 16
fluconazole......................................................... 10
flucytosine............................................................ 10
fluorescein.......................................................... 19
fluorouracil .......................................................... 15
fluoxetine ............................................................. 24
folicacid ..................................................... ........ 16
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (October 2007) -- page 29
furosemide ................................................... 17,19
gentamicin...................................................... 8,23
glucose ........................................................ ........ 25
glucosewithsodiumchloride ......................... 25
glutaral...................................... .......................... 19
griseofulvin ...................................................... .. 10
Haemophilusinfluenzae
type
b
vaccine............. 22
haloperidol......................................................... 24
halothane .............................................................. 3
heparinsodium.................................................... . 16
hepatitisAvaccine ............................................ 22
hepatitisBvaccine.................................... ......... 22
humannormalimmunoglobulin.......................... 17
hydrochlorothiazide.............................................. 19
hydrocortisone......................................... 4,16,18
hydroxocobalamin ............................................ 16
ibuprofen........................................................ 3,14
imipenem+cilastatin ............................................. 7
influenzavaccine........................... .................... 22
insulininjection(soluble)................................. 21
intermediateactinginsulin.............................. 21
intraperitonealdialysissolution(ofappropriate
composition) ................................................... . 24
iodine ............................................................ ...... 26
isoniazid ............................................................... 9
ivermectin............................................................ . 6
Japaneseencephalitisvaccine.......................... 22
kanamycin..................................................... ......... 9
ketamine ............................................................... 3
lamivudine(3TC) .............................................. 11
levamisole............................................................. 6
levothyroxine..................................................... 21
lidocaine ...................................................... ......... 3
lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)................ 3
lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r)............................ 11
Lugolssolution .................................................. . 21
magnesiumhydroxide...................................... 19
mannitol........................................................ ....... 19
measlesvaccine ................................................. 22
mebendazole........................................................ 6
mefloquine ......................................................... 13
melarsoprol ........................................................ 14
meningococcalmeningitisvaccine ................. 22
mercaptopurine ................................................... . 15
metformin.................................................. ........... 21
methotrexate....................................................... .. 15
methylrosaniliniumchloride(gentianviolet)18
metoclopramide................................................. 20
metronidazole................................................ 8,12
miconazole ......................................................... 18
morphine .......................................................... 3,
4
mumpsvaccine...................... ............................ 22
naloxone ............................................................... 5
nelfinavir(NFV) ................................................ 11
neomycinsulfate+ bacitracin .......................... 18
neostigmine........................................................ 23
nevirapine(NVP) .............................................. 11
niclosamide.......................................................... 6
nifurtimox .......................................................... 14
nitrofurantoin ...................................................... 8
nitrous
oxide........................................................ 3
nystatin............................................................... 10
ofloxacin................................................................. 9
oralrehydrationsalts.................................. 20,25
oxamniquine .......................................................... 6
oxygen .................................................................. 3
paminosalicylicacid.............................................. 9
paracetamol.................................................... 3,14
paromomycin..................................................... 12
penicillamine ....................................................... 5
pentamidine....................................................... 14
permethrin ......................................................... 18
pertussisvaccine ............................................... 22
phenoxymethylpenicillin ................................... 7
phenytoin ............................................................. 5
phytomenadione ............................................... 16
pneumococcalvaccine...................................... 22
podophyllumresin ........................................... 18
poliomyelitisvaccine ........................................ 22
polyvidoneiodine............................................. 19
potassiumchloride............................................ 25
potassiumiodide ............................................ 10,21
potassium
permanganate................................. 18
praziquantel......................................................... 6
prednisolone .............................................4,16,23
primaquine......................................................... 13
procaine benzylpenicillin................................... 7
procarbazine......................................................... 15
proguanil............................................................ 13
promethazine..................................................... 20
propranolol ........................................................ 14
propylthiouracil ................................................... 21
protaminesulfate ................................................. 16
pyrantel ................................................................ 6
pyrazinamide....................................................... 9
pyridostigmine ..................................................... 23
pyridoxine.......................................................... 26
pyrimethamine .................................................. 14
quinine................................................................ 13
rabiesimmunoglobulin.................................... 22
rabiesvaccine..................................................... 22
ranitidine............................................................ 20
retinol.................................................................. 26
ribavirin.............................................................. 12
riboflavin............................................................ 26
rifampicin......................................................... 8,9
rifampicin+isoniazid......................................... 9
rifampicin+isoniazid+pyrazinamide ............ 9
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ritonavir .............................................................. 11
rotavirusvaccine ............................................... 22
rubellavaccine................................................... 23
salbutamol........................................................ .. 25
salicylicacid....................................................... 18
saquinavir(SQV)............................................... 11
seleniumsulfide .................................................. . 18
silversulfadiazine ............................................. 18
sodiumcalciumhenobar .................................... 5
sodiumchloride................................................. 25
sodiumfluoride................................................. 26
sodiumhydrogencarbonate............................ 25
sodiumlactate,compoundsolution ............... 25
sodiumstibogluconateor meglumine
antimoniate.................................................... 12
spironolactone ..................................................... . 19
stavudine(d4T).................................................. 11
stavudine
+
lamivudine
+
nevirapine............. 12
streptomycin ........................................................ 9
sulfadiazine ................................................... ......... 8
sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine.......................... 13
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim............... 8,14
suraminsodium ................................................ 14
suxamethonium........................ ......................... 23
tetanusvaccine .................................................. 23
tetracaine ............................................................ 23
tetracycline......................................................... 23
thiamine.............................................................. 26
thiopental ............................................................. 3
triclabendazole .................................................... 6
trimethoprim ....................................................... 8
tropicamide........................................................ 19
tuberculin,purifiedproteinderivative(PPD)21
typhoidvaccine ................................................. 23
urea ..................................................................... 18
valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)...................... 5
vancomycin............................................................ 8
varicellavaccine ................................................ 23
vecuronium........................................................ 23
vinblastine............................................................ 15
vincristine ............................................................ 15
warfarin ............................................................... 16
waterforinjection ............................................. 25
yellowfevervaccine ......................................... 23
zidovudine(ZDVorAZT)............................... 11
zidovudine+lamivudine................................. 12
zidovudine+lamivudine+nevirapine.......... 12
zincsulfate ................................................... ...... 20