Who are we?

XU, Qintian

General Manager, Huadian Zibo Cogeneration Co., Ltd.

A former operator, experienced in operating

6000 kW units

50 MW units

125 MW units

LI, Zheng

Professor, Dept. of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua Uni.

Director, Tsinghua Clean Energy Research and Education Center

Doing modeling and simulation of CFB, IGCC

Development of training simulator of CFB power plant

Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion in China

Prof. Li Zheng

Director

Tsinghua BP Clean Energy Research and Education Center

October, 2004

Comparison of energy mix of China and world in 2002

Worl d' s Pr i mary Energy Composi t i on

38%

24%

26%

6% 6%

Oi l Natural Gas CoalNucl ear Energy Hydro el ect r i c

Chi na' s Pr i mary Energy Composi t i on

24. 6%

2. 7%

66. 5%

0. 6%5. 6%

Oi l Natural Gas CoalNucl ear Energy Hydro el ect r i c

China World US

Oil 24.6 38 39.8

NG 2.7 24 25.7

Coal 66.5 26 24.3

Nuclr 0.6 6 8.1

Hydro 5.6 6 2.1

Primary Energy consumption of China in 2003

67. 10%

22. 70%

7. 40% 2. 80%

coal oi l hy+nucl NG

Summary of current energy situation

The total primary energy consumption and production were 1165 Mtoe and 1120 Mtoe in 2003, respectively

Coal is still the dominant primary energy, accounts for nearly 70% in total energy mix

Oil import more than 100 Mt, energy security worry

The per capita energy consumption is only half of the world average level

The total power capacity by the end of 2003: 385 GW

Significantly increasing of energy consumption, especially oil, in recent years due to

- the faster growth of heavy industries - upgrade of consumption structure - urbanization

Projection of future energy demand

The total energy demand in 2020 will range 1750-2310 Mtoe in terms of different scenarios

Coal： 2100~2900Mt

Oil： 400~500Mt

Natural gas ： 160~200 b m3

Power generation capacity： 860-950 GW

In 2050 the total energy demand will be beyond 3500 Mtoe

Energy challenges China is facing in the future

1.The energy security The per capita energy reserves of China are very low, especially for the oil and natural gas

Oil will reach the peak production around 180Mt in 2020, after then the production will decrease

60% oil and 40% natural gas in 2020 will depend on import

100Mt coal production new capacity will be set-up before 2020

Energy challenges China is facing in the future

2. Energy efficiency improvement The energy consumption intensity of GDP of China in

2000 was 829toe/million $US, 3.15 times of world average level and 4.33 times of OECD average, attributed to 42% industrial proportion in GDP and low value added for most products, and low energy efficiency.

The specific energy consumption for most energy intensive products are as 20-50% higher than that of the industrial countries.

Energy challenges China is facing in the future

3. Environmental impact of energy pollutant The SO2 and NOx pollutant could be 40Mt and 35Mt a

nd exceed 16Mt and 19Mt of the pollutant limits, respectively, in 2020 if no additional control measures will be taken

China is the second largest CO2 emission country, it would increase in the future

China Power Industry

Year Capacity Power Generation GW TWh 1949 1.85 1980 65.86 300.6 1990 137.9 621.3 1995 217 1996 236 1997 254 1998 277 1999 294 2000 319 1346.6 2001 338.6 1483.9 2002 357 1620.0

2003 385 1901.0

Installed power capacity by primary energy (total 356 GW at the end of 2002)

核电0. 04亿千瓦

1. 1%

火电2. 66万千瓦

74. 7%

水电0. 86万千瓦

24. 2%

Coal fired266GW

Nuclear0.4GW

Hydroel86GW

Total installed capacity: 356GW

2002 年底全国火电机组分类结构Installed capacity by unit scale (2002)

30万千瓦及以上46%

20-30万千瓦17%

10-20万千瓦16%

10万千瓦以下21%

>300 MW, 46%

<100 MW, 21%

100-200MW, 16%

200-300MW, 17%

The Fast Increase Of Energy Consumption In Recent Years

GDP Growth

1995-2002 8.9%

2002-2003 9.1%

Primary energy consumption

1995-2002 1.7%

2002-2003 13.4%

Electricity consumption

1995-2002 7.3%

2002-2003 14.3%

The Fast Increase Of Energy Consumption In Recent Years

The energy consumption elasticity of GDP

1995-2002 0.2

2002-2003 1.47

The electricity consumption elasticity of GDP

1995-2002 0.82

2002-2003 1.57

Severe shortage of electricity supply

Electricity shortage occurrence in 24 province grids

Unbalanced supply and demand in 35GW of power

generation capacity

The measures addressing electric shortage

Accelerate installation of new power stations by 2.5-3.3 GW annually

Increase coal mining capacity

Close down some factories manufacturing high energy intensive products

Promote construction of new grids and upgrading old grids

Vision of coal utilization in China

CFB development in China—Domestic technologies

1980-1990: first R&D 50 units of 35-75T/h , learning CFB process

1991-2000 develop the CFB theory and design code , 200 units of 75-130T/h CFB successfully installed

2000-2004 developing 400-670T/h demonstration, disseminating 75-220T/h widely; CFB also the first choice for waste incinerator

2004- feasibility study supercritical CFB

Characteristics: not so sensitive with coal type and fuel size

Good experience on erosion protection

Less experience on sulfur capture engineering

CFB development in China—import technologies

1992 Harbin Boiler as sub-contractor of Alhstrom to manufacture 220t/h CFB

1996 Neijiang imported 400t/ h CFB from Alhstrom

1996 Dongfang Boiler purchased 220t/h-400t/h CFB technology from Foster Wheeler

2001 Harbin Boiler purchased 100-150MWe CFB technology from EVT

2002 Shanghai purchased 100-150MW CFB technology from ABB-CE

2003 NDRC organized technology transfer of 300 MWe CFB from Alstom

Comments: good experience on boiler island engineering, lack of experience on hard coal, ( erosion, ash cooling, burnout o

f carbon)

Market of CFB in China

75-220T/h- More than 400 units in operation, more than 200 units is reserved

440T/h – 20 units is in operation, more than 150 units are reserved

670T/h – 2 units are reserved

900T/h – 15 units are reserved

Supercritical CFB in feasibility stage

A brief introduction to Huadian Zibo Cogeneration Company, Ltd.

Xu Qintian

General Manager

Huadian Zibo Cogeneration Co. Ltd.

Oct. 26, 2004

Indiana, PA, US

History and present installed capacity

Built in 1952

1969, 160MW, closed on 1999

1996, 290MW (+2x65MW)

2003, 2x135MW CFB units

Present: 447MW (4 units: 2x135+2x88.5)

Organization Chart

General manager

Deputy managers, Chief engineer

boiler

administration

turbine I & C chemical fuel electric Heat service

Logistics & community

operation

Statistical Data

Total employee: 1095 240 operators, 4 shifts

6 workshops & 1 heating service company Boiler, turbine, electric, control, chemical plant, fuel

Heating service company: industrial + residence

Logistics and community Hotel, food service, hospital, estate management

and community management, etc

New CFB units in Zibo Cogeneration Co., Ltd.

#3 CFB unit

Central control room

Overview of power plant

Parameters of the 2x135 MW reheat CFB boiler

  过热蒸汽流量  live steam flow rate: 465t/h   过热蒸汽出口压力 　 13.7MPa

  过热蒸汽温度 live steam temp.:　 540 ℃   给水温度  244℃

  再热蒸汽流量 reheat steam flow:　 411t/h   再热蒸汽进口压力　  4.06Mpa

  再热蒸汽温度 reheat steam temp.: 540℃   再热蒸汽进口温度  373.8℃　

 设计燃用淄博贫煤 收到基灰份 Aar 36.08%，干燥无灰基挥发份 Vdaf 14.77% ，收到基 低位发热量 Qnet.ar 18650 kJ/kg。

 煤种粒径要求：最大允许粒径≤  7mm， d50=0.6mm， d<200um不大于 25％。

 锅炉宽度 boiler width: 13880mm   炉膛深度 boiler depth: 7220mm

  尾部烟道宽度 2nd column width: 11930mm   尾部烟道深度 2nd column depth: 5800mm

  汽包中心线标高 drum elevation 49360mm   锅炉最高点标高 maximum elevation: 55000mm

Manufactured by Harbin Boiler Company, Ltd.

Some parts of the CFB boiler

Boiler master control diagram

Ash cooling systems

Flue gas system

Training simulation center

Problems encountered in operation

Unstable coal supplies Have to use different coals from time to time

Erosion Mainly in the conjunction part of refractory and wat

er wall

Protection shield and coating helps a lot

Blocking of ash removing system Mainly related with burning of high ash content coal

High carbon content in flyash

Breakdown of refractory

Thoughts of cooperation in CFB field

To set up a platform to enhance China-US communication and cooperation in industrial level on CFB field

Three layers of possible cooperation Communication: contacts, personnel visits &

exchange, …, to help understand culture, general energy situation, structure of industry and running manner

Experience exchange in CFB operation, maintenance, equipment procurement,…

Future business development in both countries

END

It is our sincere hope to set up good connections with ARRIPA and all associated plants.

Welcome to Zibo!