Whitepaper 3D Human Models...ISO 7250 Anthropometry/ Essential dimensionsofthehuman bodyforthetechnical design ISO 15535 General requirementsforestablishinganthropometricdatabases

Whitepaper

3D Human ModelsTypes, Applications, Benefits

© Competence Centre for Virtual Reality and Cooperative Engineering w. V. – Virtual Dimension Center (VDC)

Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Kfm. Christoph RundeVirtual Dimension Center (VDC) FellbachAuberlenstr. 1370736 Fellbachwww.vdc-fellbach.de

Types, Applications, Benefits

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes

Objective & Benefit Description dimensionsAreas of application

Digitization

Content

� Application classes 3D human models

� Objective and benefits 3D human models

� Description dimensions

� Areas of application

� Recording, digitization� Recording, digitization

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

Application classes 3D human models

� Digital design and testing of (technical) systems for human use (examples: usability, accessibility, visibility, comfort, safety, protection, crash, orthotics, prosthetics)

� Digital design and testing of technical systems taking into account the presence of humans: human as a physical influencing variable, for example in simulation models (examples: crash, airflow cockpit, vibration analysis seat)

Application classes

simulation models (examples: crash, airflow cockpit, vibration analysis seat)

� Physical simulation of body functions (examples: forces, flow)

� Design, test, training of processes with the involvement of other actors/ avatars (examples: military training environments, emergency response simulators)

� Training and education on digital people (example: surgery)

� Virtual human as a trainer for the improvement of knowledge transfer

� Media, entertainment, infotainment, tele conferences

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

Objective and benefits 3D human models

� Avoidance of (accident/ life) danger

� Consideration of many age groups, percentiles, somatotypes in the system design: hedging product functionality for large part of the population is achievable

� Objective, repeatable statements about comfort

Objective & Benefit

� Meaningful simulation results (physics) partially only possible taking a human model into account

� Realistic but risk-free military and medical simulators: better training effect

� Diagnostic support

� Simulation environments with avatars cheaper in the medium term than field exercises; independent of disturbing influences (like weather)

� Increase entertainment value, improve transfer

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

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Description dimensions 3D human models

Description dimensions

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Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

Areas of application

� Engineering: design workplaces, cockpit, work processes, tools, sports equipment, (protective) clothing

� Defense: training, battlefield simulation

� Medicine: training surgery, design implant with CT data, simulation as


implant with CT data, simulation as diagnostic support

� Fashion design

� Entertainment: games, film

� Education: digital trainers

Areas of application for digital human models [Badler, Norman (1997): Virtual Humans for

Animation, Ergonomics, and Simulation. Los Alamitos, Calif.: IEEE Computer Society

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

Jack (Siemens PLM)

Anthropometric models

� Comfort and accessibility analyses

� Visibility analyses

� Collision checks (e.g. in the vehicle area)


� Realistic motion simulation

� Anthropometry database for statistical body shape sizing

� Automatic, statically-based generation of body types based on three specific measures

� Skeleton with bones and joints (kinematics), angle restrictions RTT Ramsis (RTT)

IDO:Ergonomics (ICIDO)

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

Anthropometric models

� Fashion design

� Virtual prototyping of fashion,styling evaluation

� Generation of patterns


Fashion visualization (Wurzel-Medien)

Fashion visualization (RTT)

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

Biomechanics models

� Digital atlases and analysis of CT and MRI data

� Spatial representation of human anatomy for education/ training

� CT and MRI data can also be displayed immersively

DigiHom

(Fraunhofer IPA)


immersively

� Spatial work (navigation, sections) possible

Google Body Browser

(Google)

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

Biomechanics models

� Analysis of the human locomotor system

� Muscle and joint forces

� Elastic energy in tendons

� Muscle activity

� Development of prostheses and implants


Human locomotor system

(AnyBody)

� Development of prostheses and implants

� Ergonomic investigations

� Motion analyses in sports

� Rehabilitation

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

Biomechanics models

� Graphic and haptic representation of invasive procedures with associated equipment (endoscopes, laparoscopes, ...) for training


Virtual surgery with associated haptic interface (The Medical News (2010):

http://www.thaimedicalnews.com)

Laparoscope- simulator Endoscope- simulator

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

Physics simulation models

� Analysis of flow and structure simulation results

� Spatial representation and interaction for the analysis of simulation results


Flow simulation

aneurism (Visenso)

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

Physics simulation models

� Load calculation for implants based on FEM and MKS

� Product AnyBody: set kinematics of the vertebrae

� Product ANSYS: FEM analysis (load, strength) of the vertebra implant based


strength) of the vertebra implant based on vertebra kinematics

Implant calculation

(CADFEM, Anybody)

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

Avatars

� Digital trainer

� Multimodal communication:speaking, gesturing, pointing at thesame time


Assistant Steve explains, what has to be done (University of

Southern California )

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

Avatars

� Use of human models as independent actors

� Creation of parametric movements

� Models programmed or behavior-based


based

� Special modeling and animation tools, animation libraries

� Processing motion-capturing data

� Additional plug-ins (e.g. fabric simulation)

� Morphing (e.g. for facial animation)

� Hair simulationVirtual actress from the game „Heavy Rain“

[Heavy Rain - Playstation 3 (2010), http://www.heavyrainps3.com]

Specialised software: Poser (left) and MakeHuman (right)

(POSER - Complete 3D Figure Design & Animation http://poser.smithmicro.com/poser.html ,

MAKEHUMAN - Open Source Tool for making 3D charakters, http://www.makehuman.org)

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

Avatars

� Provision of action scenarios

� Re-enactment of production scenarios: leadership, pay systems

� Education/ training, team training, operational planning, reviewing procedures, virtual accident exercises,

Learn2work

Korion


procedures, virtual accident exercises, practicing the operation

� Re-enactment of disaster scenarios, reconstruction of procedures/ operations related to disasters and subsequent rescue operations

� Acceptance of buildings and plants: checking the suitability for evacuation, for the isolation of an accident

ADMS

ETC Simulation, Florida/USA

XVR

E-Semble, Netherlands

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

Recording, digitization

� Countrywide series measurement (e.g. iSize)

� Body scanner: surface model

� Computer Tomography (CT):especially bones

� Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):

Digitization

3D body scanner (Vitus)

� Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): especially tissues and organs

� Force-torque sensors

Recording the force-path curve

(here: using animal preparation)

Source: TU München

CT data (Wikipedia)

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

Motion capturing

� Recording the positions of limbs and joints

� Transfer to avatar

Recording, digitization

Digitization

Motion capturing (optical, magnetic, mechanical and gyroscopic) [Tümmler, Jörn (2007): avatars in real-

time simulation. Dissertation, Kassel University Press GmbH, Kassel]

� Real-time capability

� High realism of movements

� Optical, electromagnetic, mechanical, gyroscopic

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

� Brechter, Matthias: Entwicklung einer Auswahlsystematik für digitale Menschmodelle. Masterthesis, Hochschule Reutlingen, 2010

� Badler, Norman (1997): Virtual Humans for Animation, Ergonomics, and Simulation. Los Alamitos, Calif.: IEEE Computer Society

� Bubb, Heiner: A Scientific perspective of digital human models: past, present, and future. In: Duffy, Vincent; R aton, Boca: Handbook of Digital Human Modelling.CRC Press, 2009

� Jens Mühlstedt, Hans Kaußler und Birgit Spanner-Ulme: Programme in Menschengestalt: Digitale Menschmodelle für CAx- und PLM-Systeme. The Software Incarnate: Digital Human Models for CAx- andPLMSystems. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, 2/2008

Literature

Digitization

PLMSystems. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, 2/2008

Organisations� Global Human Body Models Consortium, www.ghbmc.com

� SAE G-13 Committee on Digital Human Modelling Technology http://www.sae.org/standardsdev/aerospace/g13.htm

� IEA Technical Committee on Human Simulation and Virtual Environments (TC HSVE), http://www.iea.cc/02_about/Technical%20Committees/Human%20Simulation%20and%20Virtual%20Environments.html

� International Society for Human Simulation http://www.societyhumansimulation.org/

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

� ISO 7250 Anthropometry / Essential dimensions of the human body for the technicaldesign

� ISO 15535 General requirements for establishing anthropometric databases

� ISO 15536-1/-2 Ergonomics - Computer manikins and body templates

� ISO 13407 User-oriented design of interactive systems

� ISO 20685 3-D scanning methodologies for internationally compatible

Norms, guidelines, committees

Digitization

� ISO 20685 3-D scanning methodologies for internationally compatibleanthropometric databases

� ISO/IEC 19774 Information technology - Computer graphics and image processing –Humanoid Animation (H-Anim)

� DIN EN 547-1/3 Body measurements of humans

� VDI 3633-6 Simulation - Illustration of the personnel in simulation models

� VDI 4499 Part 4 Features and Limitations of Human Models, German Guideline

Vorstellung VDC

Application classes


Digitization

Members regarding this topic

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© Competence Centre for Virtual Reality and Cooperative Engineering w. V. – Virtual Dimension Center (VDC)

Virtual Dimension Center (VDC) FellbachAuberlenstraße 1370736 Fellbachwww.vdc-fellbach.de

Documents

Whitepaper 3D Human Models...ISO 7250 Anthropometry/ Essential dimensionsofthehuman bodyforthetechnical design ISO 15535 General requirementsforestablishinganthropometricdatabases