white settlers moving west.

Hunting dropped the population of Buffalo so low they nearly became extinct.

white people became land greedy.

Many perished on reservations.

Some fought and others went peacefully.

Three tribes stood out the Sioux, the Cherokee, and the Apache.

Chief Sitting Bull 1862 angered by U.S. government not upholding treaties

they killed 1,000 settlers. Government held 1,000 Sioux captive and hanged 39.

Gold supposedly found in the Black Hills. U.S. government wanted to purchase land from Sioux, meaning they would have to move to Indian Territory.

Sitting Bull, Spotted Tail, and Red Cloud went to the capital in 1875, but President Grant could not get them to sign a treaty.

1876 U.S. sent in military to remove the Sioux. Custer’s Last Stand takes place, biggest won battle for the

Sioux people. Later they were beaten and forced off their land to Indian

reservations. On the reservations their crops failed and the government

did not pay their annuities to the Sioux. Sitting Bull planned an uprising. Sitting Bull encouraged the Ghost Dance for the supposed

Indian Messiah to come. Sent ammunition and guns to many.

December 15, 1890, Sitting Bull and his son Crowfoot, and six others, were killed by Indian Police led by General Miles.

December 29, 1890, the “Battle”, Massacre, of Wounded Knee. Three Hundred Sioux were killed. Men, women, and children. No one was spared.

January 14, 1891, the chiefs surrendered their arms and agreed to return to the reservations.

Wounded Knee Massacre Chief Red Cloud

August 1861, Cherokee Nation decides to secede from the Union, and signs a treaty with the Confederate Army.

3,000 Cherokee’s enlisted in the Confederate Army. 1,000 enlisted with the Union. 1866, Cherokee readmitted to U.S. protection, had to liberate their black slaves and give

them citizenship. 1868, large parts of Cherokee land were taken for railroad development, white

settlement, and relocation of other tribes. 1880, Whites outnumbered Indians in the Indian Territory 1887, General Allotment Act (Dawes), cost Native Americans 2/3 of their land. Curtis Act of 1895, got rid of tribal governments and forced allotment by 1901.

Cherokee women

Confederate Cherokee

men

1875, all Apaches west of the Rio Grande ordered to move to the San Carlo reservation in eastern Arizona.

Geronimo and band of followers fled to Mexico, eluding the U.S. Army for over a decade. Geronimo was an Apache medicine man.The last few months took 5,000 soldiers, 500 scouts, and up to 3,000 Mexican soldiers to

track Geronimo and his followers down. May 1882, Native American scouts find Geronimo, and he promised to return to his

people on the reservation. Lived peacefully for a year until Apache warrior Ka-ya-ten-nae was arrested and

imprisoned. He fled on May 17, 1885 with 35 warriors and 109 women and children. Scouts found him on March 25, 1886, he surrendered. Geronimo fled again, surrendered again on September 4, 1886. The government transported Geronimo and 450 Apache men, women, and children to

Florida for confinement in Fort Marion and Pickens.

Apache Indian GirlGeronimo

Dawes Severalty Act of 1887. Dissolved many tribes as legal entities, removed tribal ownership of land, and set up individual Indian family heads with 160 free acres. If the Native Americans behaved they would receive full title to their holdings, as well as citizenship in 25 years.

1879, Government funded Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania where Native American children were separated from their tribes and were taught English, white values, and customs. The school motto was “Kill the Indian and save the man”

1890’s field matrons were sent to reservations to teach Native American women how to sew and to preach the virtues of chastity and hygiene.

Carlisle Indian School

The American people got greedy for land, and took all they could.

Moved the Native Americans where ever they did not want to live.

Killed off many of the ancient tribes, destroyed families, and lost some of the history of our country and people.

Felt no remorse for what they had done to these people.

They disregarded all beliefs of this nation for two reasons, land and greed.

American flag. 2009. Photograph. Textually.org.

Carlisle Indian School Band. Photograph. National Archives at College Park, College Park, MD.

Cherokee Indian woman and child, undated. Photograph. Http://ncmuseumofhistory.org/workshops/womenshistory/SESSION2.html. By Theda Perdue.

CHEROKEE VETERANS OF COLONEL WILLIAM THOMAS' CONFEDERATE LEGION IN 1903. Photograph. Museum of the Cherokee Indian.

Chief-Red-Cloud-300.jpg. Photograph. Bgill's uploads » chief-red-cloud-300.jpg.

Curtis, Edward S. Apache Indian Girl. 1903. Photograph. Old-picture.com.

Equal sign. 2010. Photograph. Aschoolforrawnda.com.

"Geronimo." Indigenouspeople.net. Ed. Glenn Welker. Glenn Welker, 23 Nov. 2009. Web. 6 Feb. 2010. <http://www.indigenouspeople.net/geronimo.htm>.

Geronimo. Photograph. Wordpress.com. By Bruce M. Hood.

Johnston, Frances B. Learning finger songs at Carlisle Indian School. 1900. Photograph. Cumberland County Historical Society.

Kennedy, David M., Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas A. Bailey. The American Pageant. 13th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006. Print.

Martin, Ken. "Cherokee History: Part Two." Tolatsga.org. Lee Sultzman, 28 Feb. 1996. Web. 6 Feb. 2010. <http://tolatsga.org/Cherokee1.html>.

Massacre, Wounded Knee, South Dakota, December 1890. 2008. Photograph.

Http://forreasonsunknown-cem.blogspot.com/2008/12/forget-armenia-turks-should-condemn.html, Istanbul. By Cem Ryan.

Money. 2008. Photograph. MIT Libraries News. By Ryan Gray.

"Sioux Indians." Sonofthesouth.net. Son of the South. Web. 6 Feb. 2010.

<http://www.sonofthesouth.net/union-generals/sioux-indians/sioux-indians.htm>.