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8/6/2019 White Rhino Survey Packet
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20th December 2006
Dear White Rhino Holder
White Rhino Reproduction Questionnaire
The EAZA Rhinoceros TAG and the White Rhino EEP has considered this questionnaire
and support its circulation to holders in EAZA.
We recognise that it is a lengthy document and that it will require some time to completebut we would ask you to help with the survey as best as you can. We feel this is animportant part of the on-going process to understand the reproduction issues faced by
the species in our zoos and your information will be important.
Lisa Nordstrom and Ron Swaisgood have been working in this field for someconsiderable time and we can be assured that they will make good use of the data theycollect.
This survey is also being supported by the AZA Rhino Advisory Group.
Thank you for you cooperation and help to provide more information on this important
issue.
Yours sincerely
Nick LindsayChair EAZA Rhinoceros Taxon Advisory Group
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Southern White Rhino (Ceratotherium simum simum[Please Return by February 25, 2007]
Name of Facility: ______________________________________________________
Your Name:_______________________________Title: ______________________
Address:____________________________________________________________
Phone #: _______________________ Email: _______________________________
Please check here if you would like to receive a summary report of this research.
(Note: All personal information is confidential. It will only be used if follow-up questions are necessary and to provide a cabove.)
General Instructions
Please try to answer each question. We realize that you may not be able to answer some of the questions. Whyour best guess or estimate based on your experience with the rhinos. Skip questions only if you do not know
estimate.
If you dont know an answer, write a question mark (?). If your answer is a rough guess, write estimated or est.
Record NA for Not Applicable when necessary.
Write No if you are certain that this has not happened at your institution.
If you cannot answer the questions about an individual rhino but can answer for rhinos in general at yo
ALL in the spot designated for your answer.
Rhinos are considered adult at age 5.
If you prefer, please feel free to photocopy any records that address some of these questions and we can enterquestion can be answered in photocopied records provided, please write see records in the answer space.
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PART 1: GENERAL HUSBANDRY
1. Please describe the main enclosure areas provided for the rhinos:
(Note - For indoor enclosures, you do not need to enter information for each stall. Instead, please provide
TypeApprox. Area
Please circleeither ft2 or m2
% of enclosure
perimeter exposedto the public
Average
distance tothe public
Average Number of Animalsin Enclosure at same time
Time in
1 Outdoor Indoor
ft2
m2%
ft
m
# Males # Females ______
______
2 Outdoor Indoor
ft2
m2%
ft
m
# Males # Females ______
______
3 Outdoor Indoor ft2
m2% ft
m
# Males # Females____________
4 Outdoor Indoor
ft2
m2%
ft
m
# Males # Females ______
______
5 Outdoor Indoor
ft2
m2%
ft
m
# Males # Females ______
______
2. How are males and females housed at your facility? (please check yes or no)a. Are males kept together with females most of the time? No Yes - how many males b. Are males rotated in and out of the enclosure for breeding? No Yes what is the rotatioc. Are females kept together most of the time? No Yes
< 5 yrs < 5 yrs 5 yrs 5 yrs
< 5 yrs < 5 yrs 5 yrs 5 yrs
< 5 yrs < 5 yrs 5 yrs 5 yrs
< 5 yrs < 5 yrs 5 yrs 5 yrs
< 5 yrs < 5 yrs 5 yrs 5 yrs
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3. Diet. Please check all that apply: pasture grazing additional feedings frequency =Food type Type
Approximate
amount per rhino
per day
Legume Hay kg
Mixed Grass Hay kg
PelletsBrand Name:
% Protein = ________kg
Produce
(fruits and vegetables)kg
Supplements
(vitamins and minerals)Amt:__________
Mineral blockOther (please describe)
PART 2: INFORMATION ON INDIVIDUAL FEMALES
The following sections pertain to all female white rhinos born or arriving at your facility. Please fill out i
its studbook identification number. Remember if you do not know the details of an answer (e.g., cannot estim
episodes), please record a Yes, No, or a ? if you dont know. Also use NA if the question does not apply
Female Studbook ID Age at first arrivalat this institution
Current Age Female Studbook ID Age at first aat this instit
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SECTION A: SOCIAL INTERACTIONS WITH MALES
Female
Studbook
ID
How many different adult
males has this female been
exposed to when she was
less than 5 years old?
How much time is spent close
(i.e., within 15 m) to an adult
male?
(Choose one: 1-6)
During which age
classes was this
female housed with
at least one adultmale (>5 yrs. old)?
Circle all age classesthat apply:0 = birth to 1 yr.
1 = age 1-2
2 = age 2-3
3 = age 3-4
4 = age 4-5
How many when she was5 or more years old? 1. Never
2. Less than once per week3. Several times per week4. Nearly every day, 1 hr./day5. Nearly every day, > 1 hr./day6. Almost all the time
< 5 yrs. 5 yrs. < 5 yrs. 5 yrs.
Approxima
at what age
the earliest
knowncourtship*
an adult m
0 1 2 3 4_____# males _____# males ________ y
0 1 2 3 4 _____# males _____# males ________ y
0 1 2 3 4 _____# males _____# males ________ y
0 1 2 3 4 _____# males _____# males ________ y
0 1 2 3 4 _____# males _____# males ________ y
0 1 2 3 4 _____# males _____# males ________ y
0 1 2 3 4 _____# males _____# males ________ y
0 1 2 3 4 _____# males _____# males ________ y
0 1 2 3 4 _____# males _____# males ________ y
0 1 2 3 4 _____# males _____# males ________ y
*Courtship involves behaviors such as high levels of male hiccing vocalizations, chin resting, and genital inv
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SECTION B: COPULATIONS
Please record all information you have on copulation and health for each female. Frequency of copulation caobservation or inferred from the presence of semen on the females backside. Do not use birth of offspring to
Female
Studbook
ID
Age of First
Copulation
How often were
copulations observedfor this female?
(Choose one: 1-6)
1. Never2. Once every 2 + years3. Once a year4. 2-5 times/year5. Once every 2 months6. Once a month
Please indicate the average
duration of exposure to the
male prior to successfulbreeding with that male?
(Choose one: 1-5)
1. None2. < 1 year3. 1 - 3 years4. > 3 yrs.5. Limited exposure to
some sires and extended
with others
Has there been any evreproductive tract follvaginal discharge, vag
(Ci
If yes, please provide
and age of the femalenecessary.
< 5 yrs. 5 yrs. < 5 yrs. 5 yrs.
______ yrs old No Yes: ___________
______ yrs old No Yes: ___________
______ yrs old No Yes: ___________
______ yrs old No Yes: ___________
______ yrs old No Yes: ___________
______ yrs old No Yes: ___________
______ yrs old No Yes: ___________
______ yrs old No Yes: ___________
______ yrs old No Yes: ___________
______ yrs old No Yes: ___________
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SECTION C: FEMALE REPRODUCTION
Female
StudbookID
Approximate
Length of
ReproductiveCycles
(range in days)
Cycle Regularity
(determined by estrus
behavior during
non-pregnancy)
Choose one:1. regular (~ similar
length of time)
2. irregular (variablelength of time)
Has this female been tested for
reproductive tract infections, ovarian
cysts, or other abnormalities?
(Circle Yes or No)
If yes, what was the diagnosis?
Has this female
had any known
failed pregnanc
(i.e., abortions)
Circle Yes or
If yes, how ma
days1 2
No Yes: ________________________ No Yes: #____
days1 2
No Yes: ________________________ No Yes: #____
days1 2
No Yes: ________________________ No Yes: #____
days1 2
No Yes: ________________________ No Yes: #____
days1 2
No Yes: ________________________ No Yes: #____
days1 2
No Yes: ________________________ No Yes: #____
days1 2
No Yes: ________________________ No Yes: #____
days1 2
No Yes: ________________________ No Yes: #____
days1 2
No Yes: ________________________ No Yes: #____
days1 2
No Yes: ________________________ No Yes: #____
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Please estimate the body condition for each female as follows: (See attached photos for reference)
A: Female noticeably larger and more body fat than for B; very well-rounded body. B: Typical for wild rhino in good condition; rounded but showing hint of muscle and bone definition. C: Female body condition is less than B with bones along shoulder, spine and hindquarters visibly pro
Female
StudbookID
Describe the bodycondition of this
female when she was
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***Thank You For Your Participation!***
Please Return Survey To:
Dr. Lisa NordstromConservation and Research for Endangered Species (CRES)
Zoological Society of San Diego15600 San Pasqual Valley Rd.
Escondido, CA, USA 92027-7000
Email: [email protected] FAX: (760) 291-5428 Phone: (760) 747-8702ext. 5760
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Body Condition Reference Sheet(Adapted from Adcock, K. and R. Emslie (compilers). 2003. Monitoring African Rhino Trainers Guide,
5th edition. Module 12 - Rhino Body Condition Assessment. IUCN SSC African Rhino Specialist Group)
A: Rhino noticeably larger and more body fat than for B
B: Typical for wild rhino in good condition; rounded but showing hint of muscle andbone definition.
C: Body condition is less than B with bones along shoulder, spine and hindquartersvisibly protruding.
The rump, shoulder, neck and spineareas are filled out, so that the spineis mostly covered.