White Paper for the Remote Activating Pen

8/9/2019 White Paper for the Remote Activating Pen

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Chris Fernandes

Mr. Smith, Dr. Immel, Mr. Berry

Senior Engineering

3-31-2010

RAP: Remote Activating Pen

Weve all been there, taking a test that will make or break our lives.

Your heart pounds as each pen stroke hits the paper. The test proctor yells,

Five Minutes!" Your heart is like a beating drum. Your pen strokes fall in

rhythm with your heart. One question gets into your mind as you play your

concerto, Will I really put my pen down when the proctor calls the time?"

The proctor yells vigorously, Times up, pens down!" Its your future and

you believe that one more sentence will finish off your almost perfect paper.

The proctor doesnt notice and you finish off your paper fabulously with that

last sentence. You outwitted the proctor and the test. In todays day and

age when someone says, "Pens down", how sure are we that all pens are

down. The Sunny Daze Company will build the RAP, the Remote Activating

Pen, which will solve the problem of pens down. The RAP is a new type of

pen that is controlled when the pen is down and when the pen is up. To

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understand how the RAP works it is necessary that one understands the

fields of thought that are incorporated with the RAP which are the pen, nano-

technology, RC cars, radio signals, and the educational system.

Pens today have a special incorporation in our lives. A pen has many

values. If you ask around for a pen, you will definitely obtain one. The pen is

a sign of strength and permanency. Whenever you fill out a job application,

the employer wont take you seriously unless your application is done with a

pen. There are five types of pens today: they are ballpoint, fountain, soft tip,

rolling ball, and specialty type pens. The first type of pen, the ballpoint pen

is one of the most common pens today. The ballpoint pen works in a very

special way

.Just as the name suggests

,the tip of the pen is a ball

.To be

exact, it is a ball and socket design. Basically the ballpoint pen uses a small

rotating ball made of brass to disperse ink as you write. The goal of the

ballpoint pen is to distribute fast drying thick ink without drying out the ink in

the pen. The ink is forced down the pen due to the effect of gravity.

(http://science.howstuffworks.com/question683.htm) The next type of pen

is called a fountain pen. The fountain pen is very different from the ballpoint

pen by that instead of a ball and socket the fountain pen uses a nib, which

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resembles a crown. Also the ink for a fountain pen is highly fluid. The

fountain pen uses a capillary action to force the ink out of the pen. Capillary

action is mainly a function that uses gravity to get the ink out. It basically is

molecules of ink coming out of the notch on the nib and chains the ink

molecules together to make an ink trail. So it is ink molecules chaining

together to make it work whereas a ballpoint pen uses a ball to get the ink

out when it is pushed down.( http://www.ehow.com/how-

does_4673190_fountain-pen-work.html) The third type of pen is called a soft

tip pen, (many refer to it as a felt pen). Used to write on fabrics and

pictures, the soft tip pen is used greatly in the fashion industry. The soft tip

pen works like a sponge that is full of water. As the sponge drags across the

paper, it leaves a water streak; the soft-tip pen does exactly the same

process. The next type of pen is the rolling ball pen. This pen brings the best

parts of the ballpoint, fountain, and soft tip pens together. The roller ball

pen uses the ball and socket feature of the ballpoint, but uses the highly

fluid ink of the fountain and soft tip pens. A wick carries the ink to the ball.

Gel pens are another name for the rolling ball pen. The last types of pens are

called specialty pens. These types of pens are used for special purpose. For

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example, one specialty pen is a pen used to create the beautiful and smooth

calligraphy. Most of these pens are easily accessible to everyone. Pens will

be an important implement for life-time.

(http://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htm)

Pens have been an important tool for mankind to progress and thrive

in the world. The pen is one of the great resources that civilizations used to

record their achievements and goals. For example, the pen was used to

write many of the beautiful symphonies of Beethoven and Mozart. The pen

also was used to create the unusual, but scientific designs of Leonardo Da

Vinci. The origin of the pen can be dated back to when people started to

draw on the walls of caves. What the human kind was aiming for was to

make their stand permanent by using an instrument that would be

permanent. So 3,500 years later, people started to use feathers from birds,

such as geese, as the new pens. Some people hardened the tip of feather to

make it easier to write. Most people had to keep on repeatedly dip their

feather pens or quills in the ink. By the 1800s some people finally made the

nib for the fountain pen. The fountain pen was made by L.E. Waterman in

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1883. Waterman was an insurance salesman and when his pen leaked

ruining a sale, he took it upon himself to create a pen that wouldnt leak. He

noticed that none of the pens of his generation had way to control the flow of

ink. His idea was the capillary action. He was granted a patent from the

patent office and got to work. His design of the fountain pen started the

mold for the rest of the fountain pens made after. Not too long after the

fountain pen was created, the ballpoint pen was birthed. It was created by

separate people in two places in the world: John Loud in 1887and Van

Reisburg in 1916. The ballpoint pen became very popular after world war

two. Milton Reynolds made the ballpoint pen very popular during the 1940s,

when he took his Reynolds pen and passed them out all over the world.

Today the biggest pen companies are Bic, Papermate, and Pilot. They

produce enough pens to wrap around the world seven times!

(http://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htm)

The pen interacts with many environments such as education. The

educational system is a big part of daily life. The typical school starts with

pre-school, kindergarten, elementary school, middle school, high school,

and then college. Throughout all forms of school there is bound to be a test

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that has to be taken. May it be either for chemistry or for a mathematics

exam; the result is always the same. The exam needs a utensil to be done

with and one of those utensils is a pen. Another place that the pen should be

used is in standardized tests such as the SATs, ACTs, and even the MCAT.

In these tests, it is done by pencil because the test givers believe that if a

student makes a mistake it can be changed. Also most of these exams

nowadays have an essay portion to be done. This part of the test can be the

hardest for many students. These essays last for 25 to 30 minutes and can

be a grueling endeavor. Since the essay is usually at the beginning of the

test, how you do on the essay can affect your performance for the rest of the

test. Therefore having a strong essay will help you keep you in the right

mindset. It is our belief that these tests should be done in pen from now on

because pen is a smoother way to write than pencil which is a smeary and

breakable utensil. Also on the tests it is said that when students second-

guess themselves they should have stayed with the first answer. The RAP

will eliminate the second-guess method by keeping the mark they make

permanent. Another aspect to the test is that the proctors have to call the

time and when the pens should touch the paper or when they should not.

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This is a problem that has bugged many test proctors across the nation. Now

the RAP will solve this problem once and for all.

Another field that is incorporated into the RAP is nano-technology.

Nano-technology is a very recent subject, yet the advancements of nano-

technology are astounding. Nano means one billionth which is a very small.

The very basic understanding of nano-technology is that it is a field that

tries to make big things small. Nano-technology in the real world deals with

molecules and atoms. Nano-technology started in the early twentieth

century with the discovery of nano-particles by Richard Adolf Zsigmondy. He

also used the first nanometer to see things that were smaller than a light

wave. Later in 1959, Richard Feynman and other scientists met at Caltech to

talk about how to manipulate atoms and molecules with a device. Feynman

thought that the best way to achieve progress was to give up a one thousand

dollar prize to the first one who built a nanometer. This prize was claimed in

the next year to Feynmans astonishment. Feynman offered another prize of

one thousand dollars to the person who could put the whole Britannica

encyclopedia on the tip of a pin. Tom Newman achieved this in 1985. In

1974 a real definition of what nano-technology was stated, " Nano-

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technology mainly consists of the processing of, separation, consolidation,

and deformation of materials by one atom or one molecule." (Norio) Some of

the things that nano-technology has created are the washable bed mattress

and nanosliver wound dressing for burn

victims. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_nanotechnology#cite_note-

Taniguchi-6) One of the best companies to demonstrate nano-tech is Apple.

Apple is famous for their iPod. In its span of ten years the iPod has changed

dramatically. The original iPod was big and bulky and some of the features

brought it down. The iPod of today is a sleek and way smaller than its

original. Essentially these changes did not happen overnight, it took years of

changes and modifications. In the end the iPod is getting smaller that is why

the current iPod has the name iPod nano.

An area of information that is essential to understanding the RAP is RC

cars. RC cars began in the 1960s. The engines for the cars were available

since the 1940s, but the radio control system was only came out in the

60s. These cars were 1/8 scale pan cars using .19 cubic inch 2-stroke model

airplane engines. By the 1970s RC cars were gas and electric. The gas cars

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used a fuel made up of nitrogen, methanol, and lubricant. After electric cars

emerged in 1974, off-road RC cars came out. Originally designed for on-road

smooth surface use such as parking lots, some RC cars were modified for

Off-road use. By the 1980s there was an explosion of popularity in the RC

car industry, which is why, the first world championships were held in 1980.

Soon later the first Off-road Championship began in 1985. In the 1990s the

RC car industry got intense when the speed of the RC cars went up a level.

The usual speed for RC cars was around 35 miles per hour, in the 90s the

speeds were over 75 miles per hour. (http://www.rccartips.com/rc-

history.htm)

A basic knowledge of radio signals is important in understanding how

the RAP operates. A radio signal is an electromagnetic wave. These

electromagnetic waves can vary from microwaves, infrared rays, radio

waves, visible light waves, to x-rays, gamma rays, and ultraviolet rays. To

create a radio wave there has to be electricity flowing through an object.

When electricity is run through a nail for example, it creates a electrical and

magnetic field. If you coil a wire around the nail then run electricity through

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the nail and wire coil the field will get stronger. When electricity is flowing it

creates a wave and also when the electricity is not flowing. Therefore if the

electricity was continuously turned on and off we could create a series of

waves to make a frequency that could be sent to a transmitter.

(http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-

do-you-make-a-radio-wave.html)

This realization of the importance of how these fields are incorporated

into the pen is important. Yet, all these fields lack something very adequate

to what is needed for todays purposes. Nano-tech today is lacking a new

cutting edge instrument that demonstrates how going big can prove to be

better than going small. Therefore, the state of mind is going big to start out

then going small later on. The hope is that the RAP will start a new trend like

the iPod, where it will improve over time. Another thing that can be

improved by nano-tech is that nano-tech does not always look cool. The RAP

will be an instrument that will be pleasing to the eyes. Pens today lack a

control action, where the user of the pen has to take unnecessary and time-

wasting effort to click the pen. Pens also have a certain history of ink

explosions and pen jams, which means that pens today lack simple function

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and use of the pen itself. The educational system is also another place that

lacks control. For example, when students take a test, test proctors lack the

control of whether pens are down. These proctors need a new device that

will help them control the test takers and them the edge to control the test.

The Sunny Daze Company envisioned a perfect model for the RAP

(Remote Activating Pen). It began with a simple idea of how to enhance the

perfect test. Once the problem was fully realized, the RAP was thought up to

meet the demands. The RAP was to be built using a thin, but pliable casing

made of plastic or a thin metal to make a strong pen. The RAP would be

parallel to regular pens by using similar ink and similar design, specifically

the ballpoint pen model compared to the fountain and soft-tip pen models.

After a great deal of time of Sunny Daze spent understanding the pen

anatomy, we decided that fountain pens and soft-tip pens would not suffice

because soft-tip pens bleed through the paper and fountain pens are hard to

work and understand for first time users on the day of the test. The RAPwould use a simple radio transmitter to start the pen to write and another

signal to put the pen back up for the pens down phase. The inside of the RAP

would be a small energy source wired up to the receiver (for the transmitter)

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and the motor which would be hooked up to the electrical actuator. The

actuator is a small piece of metal, which would move the pen cartridge up

and down. The RAP was originally designed to be sold in sets for the radio

signal to activate as many pens as possible.

Here at Sunny Daze, we understand that every product has its

limitations. The RAP is no different than any other product. We understood

that certain things would be possible for the RAP. For example, we know that

miniaturizing certain materials to fit inside the RAP would be doable, but

very difficult. A problem with miniaturizing is that since the materials are

very small and brittle it is very easy to break and lose them. Another

problem with miniaturizing the materials to fit compactly within the pen is

that here at Sunny Daze we are under a strict budget. Therefore it is very

difficult for us to spend copious amounts of money to create a pen that could

work half the time. Also we do not have the necessary funds to reach the

goal of making a set of pens for use; instead one was built to design the

components and examples of the RAP. The materials to create this product

are out in society, but they are out of reach of us at Sunny Daze, such as

thin metal and environmental and recyclable materials. Just as it was a great

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idea to use thin metal for the casing, the plan to use the ballpoint pen model

for the RAP was a great idea at first, but further thought into as how this

model would affect the quality of the test shows that it was not a good idea.

We at Sunny Daze decided to use the roller ball model for its fluidity and

slick writing style. The most important thing that was realized was that we

would save a great deal of time and effort by not making a small pen,

instead we would

create a model

that would be a

lot larger than a

pen.

Some days

after completing

copious amounts of research, we at Sunny Daze decided to start by

gathering materials for the giant pen model. We gathered a variety of

materials such as: a three foot black PVC pipe which is supposed to serve as

the pen casing, two yellow oil funnel cones to serve as the pen tip, and a RC

car and controller to serve as the receiver and transmitter for the controls of

the pen. When Sunny Daze first started to tackle this project, we thought

that an actuator would be what would move the pen up and down. An

actuator is a device that uses electrical energy to move up and down. When

energy is put into the actuator it goes out and when energy is put in again

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(Copley, RC


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the actuator moves back in. After doing extensive research on the actuator

and contacting many other companies we came to the conclusion that an

actuator would not suffice to move the pen up and down. We decided that a

relay would be the final piece that would power the actuator problem. A

relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to

operate a switching mechanism; in this case it was to turn on whatever

would move the pen cartridge up and down. Finally, after struggling to find a

device that could move the pen cartridge up and down, we found a device

called a solenoid, which could move the pen cartridge up and down. A

solenoid is very similar to a relay.

Where the relay is like a switch, the

solenoid is a coil of wire that becomes

a magnetic when current is flowing

through it that acts as a switch. We

soon came to realize that under that

sleek hood of the RC car lay more

than just a receiver and transmitter.

The RC car housed the steering

system, which was perfect for moving the pen cartridge up and down. To the

side is a picture of what the steering system and motor of the RC car look

like. Its motor was the perfect size to fit inside the PVC pipe.

Now that all the materials had been gathered we started to build. We

dismantled the RC car so that only the battery pack, motor, circuit board,

and frame remained. The picture to the side shows what the RC car looks

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(Copley,


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like down to its bare form. We cut the black PVC pipe in half long-ways to

show a cross section of the pen to demonstrate what is going on inside the

pen. We also cut the oil funnel cone in half to fit with the PVC pipe. We hot-glued half of the yellow funnel to half of the black PVC pipe to express what

the cross-section of a pen represents. The next step was to cut the RC car in

thirds to obtain the motor and battery pack. Since the PVC pipe is not very

wide, we cut it into thirds and did not use the last third since it has no

function for the RAP. We took out the wheels of the car because they have

no use. Since the RC car had a switch in place to turn on the power we

removed it and started to tinker with the circuitry of the RC car. This turned

out to be a very bad decision on the behalf of Sunny Daze. The circuit was

beyond repair so we decided to go to the solenoid design. The solenoid that

we acquired uses electromagnetic system to hold a small metal rod in place.

The solenoid was a pull solenoid instead of a push one. We decided to

experiment with the solenoid for a good deal of time. It was clear after ten

minutes that direct current into the solenoid made it very hot and the pull

was so strong that the metal rod could not be pulled out. After several

attempts to cool down the solenoid we attached a ten ohm resistor to the

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solenoid. With the resistor in place it cooled down the solenoid and the force

holding the metal rod in was considerably less.The metal rod has a cut in

the front for extensions. Sunny Daze used that space to attach a small bar

that bent towards the other end of the solenoid. This way, when the solenoid

pulls, the bar will push in the same direction. When the power is off, a

spring will default the piston out of the solenoid.

We had found the perfect part for the pen. We still needed a

transmitter and receiver. Since the first RC car was what we needed, we

bought another car and took that transmitter and receiver. We attached the

solenoid to the receiver and it start to work. While working with pens up to

that date we realized that we would need a way to keep the pen in place. We

decided to use a catch. A catch holds the pen in place then releases it. With

all of the necessary components made, we hot-glued the solenoid and

receiver in the pen which made the pen complete.

The concept of the RAP was to bring the pen cartridge back into the

pen to insinuate pens down. This was done by turning on the remote

controls for the RAP. Next step, a button is pushed on the remote controls

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and a signal is sent within a specific range to all active pens. Once the signal

reaches the receiver it turns on the power and activates the solenoid. The

solenoid puts power into the RC car motor and pushes the pen cartridge

down. This is the start phase of the RAP for the beginning of tests. The end

phase is very similar to the start phase. A button is pushed and a signal is

sent to the RAP. This signal makes the solenoid move back and pushes the

pen cartridge back up therefore ending the test.

Plans for the future have been made for the RAP, such as a controlled

mechanical pencil and eraser. The RAP is the first step to new products in

nano-technology and pens. The natural use of this product in schools and the

work environment will create a better productivity. Now the public has a

chance to reach out to common nano-technology. We at Sunny Daze are

sure of two things: This product is the first step into many other projects and

it is clear that this product will have a great impact on society.

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Works Cited

"HowStuffWorks "How Does a Ball Point Pen Work?"" Howstuffworks "Science"

Web. 16 Feb. 2010. 11 Jan 2001

.

Pen History." Home. Web. 16 Feb. 2010.

.

"How Does a Fountain Pen Work? | EHow.com." EHow | How To Do Just About

Everything! | How To Videos & Articles. Web. 17 Feb. 2010.

.

"How Do You Make a Radio Wave?" Welcome to QRG. Web. 3 Mar. 2010.

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.

"RC Car History." RC Car Tips - Remote Control Cars, Radio Controlled Trucks, and

R/C Hobby Shops. Web. 8 Mar. 2010. .

Norio Taniguchi, "On the Basic Concept ofNano-Technology," Proc. Intl. Conf.

Prod. Eng. Tokyo, Part II, Japan Society of Precision Engineering, 1974.

"History of Nanotechnology - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia." Main Page -

Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 6 Mar. 2010.

.

Copley, Sonja.Actuator. 2010. Photograph. Rohnert Park.

Copley, Sonja.RC Car. 2010. Photograph. Rohnert Park.

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Documents

White Paper for the Remote Activating Pen