Spurred by revolution in technology Originated in England
because of 1. Natural resources! Mainly Coal and Iron Ore Water
power and coal to fuel new machines Iron Ore to construct machines,
tools, and buildings Rivers for inland transportation Harbors from
which merchant ships set sail What are natural resources?
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Originated in England because. 2. The invention and improvement
of the steam engine occurred in England Who was this invented by?
3. Supportive economy and workforce 4. Willingness to invest 5.
Political stability 6. Had ALL factors of production that were
needed Land, Labor and Wealth! From England, it spread to the rest
of Europe and then United States
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1700small farms covered England Wealthy landowners bought out
small village farmers Improved farming methods (agricultural
revolution) After buying all of the land it was enclosed Enabled to
cultivate larger fields (enclosures) Landowners experimented with
more productive seeding and harvesting methods Higher crop
yields!
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Results: New agricultural methods Large landowners forced small
farmers to become tenant farmers OR give it up and move to cities
What did this lead to? (Especially for cities?)
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Britains textile industry clothed the WORLD in wool, linen, and
cotton. First industry to industrialize Late 1700 to early 1800
Several major machines modernized the cotton industry Among them
were the spinning jenny, flying shuttle, and cotton gin
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Flying Shuttle Invented by John Kay Doubled the work a weaver
could do in one day First operated by hand WEAVES the yarn into
CLOTH
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Spinning Jenny Invented by James Hargreaves Cash prize
attracted people to work to invent a spinner that could keep up
with the fast pace of the weaver (flying shuttle) Named the
spinning wheel after his daughter Allowed one spinner to work eight
threads at a time First operated by hand
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Invented by James Hargreaves Spinning Jenny
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Cotton Gin Invented by Eli Whitney Englands cotton came from
plantations in the American south Industrialization of the textile
industry in England increased the demand for cotton dramatically
1790s: removing seeds from raw cotton was VERY hard work and VERY
prickly!! 1793: cotton gin was invented to speed up the
process
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Invented by Eli Whitney American cotton production
skyrocketed.. 1.5 million pounds in 1790 to 85 million pounds in
1810!!! Cotton Gin
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Invented by James Watt 1765 Scottish Prior to his faster and
more efficient improvement it used too much fuel Watts steam engine
would work faster and more efficiently while burning less fuel.
Built a better engine to be used in factories and transportation
Steam engine makes factories have power!
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Invented by James Watt Steam Engine
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Invented by Henry Bessemer Created a process for making steel
First inexpensive process for creating steel out of iron Burned
excess carbon and impurities out of molten iron
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Invented by Henry Bessemer The Bessemer Process
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The Bessemer Process Henry Bessemer
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Developed by Edward Jenner 1 st successful vaccine Why did this
have a large impact on life?
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Discovered by Louis Pasteur French chemist Developed germ
theory of disease Mid-1800s Bacteria causes disease! While
examining fermentation process of alcohol Developed pasteurization
process Kill germs in liquids such as milk
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1. Cotton Gin 2. Spinning Jenny 3. Flying Shuttle 4. Bessemer
Process 5. Smallpox Vaccine 6. Bacteria G. Eli Whitney F. John Kay
E. Edward Jenner D. James Watt 7. Steam Engine c. John Hargreaves
b. Louis Pasteur a. Henry Bessemer Match the inventions and people
below.
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Population increase Increased standards of living for many BUT
not all Improved transportation Urbanization (what?) Environmental
pollution Increased education Dissatisfaction of working class with
working conditions Growth of middle class
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American Robert Fulton Invented the Steamboat Led to
transportation of goods and people up and down rivers George
Stephenson Invented, improved, and built the Steam Locomotive The
Rocket Led to widespread development of railroads for
transportation of people and goods Roads were also improved
Drainage systems were invented to eliminate the problem of mud
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How did environmental pollution increase due to the industrial
revolution?
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Average worker spent 14 hours a day on the job, 6 days a week
Factory owners wanted to increase production and keep machines
going as much as possible Factories were not clean and poorly lit
Workers were injured by machines No government program/protection
to aid workers (worker comp.) Most dangerous conditions were in the
coal mines
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New middle class transformed social structure of Great Britain
and other industrialized nations
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WHY???
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WHII.9c
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The effects of the Industrial Revolution I. Increase in
population, education, and middle class N. New advancements in
Science (Jenner and Pasteur) D. Dangerous Working conditions U.
Urbanization (city growth) S. Standard of Living increases (how
much you can buy) T. Transportation improves (trains) R. Rise of
pollution Y. Yeah, improvements to steel production (Bessemer
process)
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First factory system was created at home in cottages Cottage
Industry Family-based Cottage industry was displaced by the new
factory system
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Farm #2 Town START FINISH Cottage Industry The Merchants Route
Farm #1 Farm #3 Sheep Farms
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The Factory System The Workers System Workers House The
Factory
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Harsh working conditionsmen competed with women and children
for wages/jobs Child laborkept costs of production low and profits
high Owners of mines and factories exercised HUGE control over the
lives of their laborers
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Due to the new inventions did need for slave labor increase or
decrease? Why or why not? Due to the cotton gin the demand for
slave labor on American plantations increased. 1800s: United States
and Great Britain outlawed the slave trade and then slavery.
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Women and children entering the workplace as CHEAP labor
Introduction of reforms to end child labor Expansion of education
Womens increased demands for suffrage What does that mean?
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1. What were the social effects of the industrial revolution?
2. How did the industrial revolution change slavery? In addition,
how was slavery effected in the long run? 3. In what country did
the industrial revolution begin and how did it spread? 4. List at
least three reasons why the revolution began in the country it did.
5. What was the first industry to industrialize?
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Encouraged work-organized strikes to demand increased wages and
improved working conditions Lobbied for laws to improve the lives
of workers, including women and children Wanted workers rights and
collective bargaining between labor and management What is
collective bargaining?
What is an economic system? The way a government or state uses
their money Governments use money to help people or provide for
them It depends on your economic system as to how it spends that
money
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An economic system Believes in individual ownership and
competition. The theory is that when everyone is selfish, it
benefits everyone. Adam Smith is the capitalist.
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Freedom and choices. You can work wherever, buy whatever, and
pretty much do whatever. If youre successful, you can be very
successful. Example: Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Lebron James
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No safety net. If youre unsuccessful, you can be very
unsuccessful. Think about the poor. There is a BIG gap between rich
and poor
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An economic system. Believes in collective (group) ownership
and a planned economy. The theory is that everybody pools their
resources and labor to evenly distribute everything. Karl Marx is
the communist.
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1. Abolition of property 2. Heavy, progressive taxes 3.
Abolition of inheritance 4. Confiscation of property of all
emigrants and rebels 5. Central banking 6. State-controlled
communication and transportation 7. State-controlled education of
the children
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Marx and Engels studied the history of the worlds economies
Basic Communism Feudalism Capitalism Communism !!!! Socialism They
believed they discovered an inevitable pattern or cylcle
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Socialism is, from each according to their ability, to each
according to their DEEDS. Socialism is the stage between Capitalism
and Communism. It builds upon the previous system (Capitalism) by
nationalizing the means of production (i.e. corporations,
resources, banks, etc.), but not by making everyone equal. People
are paid wages based on several factors (social need, difficulty,
amount of schooling required, etc.), so not everyone will make the
same wage. Communism is from each according to their ability to
each according to their NEEDS. EVERYONE GETS THE SAME
THINGS!!!!!
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Security, basic needs met. Everyone would have a job, house,
health care, etc.
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Lack of choice No reward for being a better worker or
punishment for being a slacker. Everyone expected to be the same
Not a lot of creativity
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Adam Smiths capitalism dominated the Industrial Revolution. If
you owned a good, successful business, there were no regulations to
how you treat workers This leads to BAD working conditions. Karl
Marx wrote about communism as a solution to capitalisms problems
Marx said the workers would get fed up and overthrow their
governments and start communism. THAT IS THE CYCLE!
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Answer the following and then prepare to turn in your warm ups.
1. What were some things that led to the dissatisfaction of people
in capitalist economies? 2. What is the difference between
capitalism, communism, and socialism? 3. Who wrote the Communist
Manifesto and Das Kapital? 4. What were the two books above
about?
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Answer the following questions using your notes we took
yesterday. 1. What were some things that led to the dissatisfaction
of people in capitalist economies? 2. What is the difference
between capitalism, communism, and socialism? 3. Who wrote the
Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital? 4. What were the two books
above about? 5. Why did nations in Europe compete for new markets
in Africa and Asia?.
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WHII.9d-e
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Pride or devotion to ones nation Colonizing a land that doesn't
belong to you; making it a territory of your land
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Why did imperialism become popular? Nationalism motivated
European nations to compete for colonial possessions. European
economic, military, and political power FORCED colonized countries
to trade on European terms. Industrially produced goods flooded
colonial markets and displaced their traditional industries.
Colonized peoples resisted European domination and responded in
diverse ways to Western influences.
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Why did imperialism become popular? Industrial nations in
Europe NEEDED NATURAL RESOURCES and MARKETS to expand their
economies.
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1. Colonies A county or territory governed by a foreign power
Most were established for the benefit of the mother country During
this time the mother country looked for supplies to help fuel the
industrial revolution at home
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2. Protectorates A country or territory with its own internal
government BUT is still under the control of an outside power It is
likely that the outside power established the government in place
to mirror their own
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3. Spheres of influence An area in which an outside power
claims exclusive investment or trading privileges The mother
country does not inflict its government or full control on the
sphere of influence but instead uses something such as its
resources.
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European Domination During the late 19 th to early 20 th
century European nations used their power and control to dominate
places in Africa and Asia for European own benefit. Stronger
countries dominated the political, economic, and social life of
weaker countries Especially in Africa Europeans also believed they
were superior Growth of racism and Social Darwinism
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European conflicts carried to the colonies Berlin Conference
Competition over colonies was so fierce European countries feared
war against one another In order to prevent the conflict 14
European nations met at the Berlin Conference (1884-1885) to lay
down rules for the division of Africa ***Set rules for division of
Africa***
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Christian missionary efforts Prior to the mid-1800s Europeans
did not enter the interior of Africa Why did they not need to enter
Africa before? When people began exploring missionaries were sent
to convert the African people to Christianity
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Spheres of Influence in China Europeans and Japanese
established spheres of influence in China These foreign nations
controlled trade and investment US declared an open door policy
which upset the Chinese and led to the Boxer Rebellion
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Suez Canal After Napoleon failed to take Egypt a new leader
emerged Muhammad Ali Began reform in Egypt Muhammad Alis efforts to
modernize Egypt were continued by his grandson Ismail Construction
of the Suez Canal man-made waterway that cut through the Isthmus of
Suez Connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Opened in 1869 and
became the lifeline of the empire ***Allowed Britain quicker access
to its colonies in Asia and Africa
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East Indias Company domination in Indian states (Britain still
has links in India in mid- 1800s) The area controlled by the East
India Company grew over time British government regulated but didnt
really interfere Britain cherished India at first for its potential
rather than its profit Americas opening of Japan trade The US
opened Japan for trade They let go of the policy of
isolationism
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Armed Conflicts Boxer Rebellion in China Pg. 374 Rise of
Nationalism First Indian nationalist party founded in mid- 1800s
Pg. 361
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Resistance to imperialism took many forms, including armed
conflict and intellectual movements As foreign influence grew in
China, poor peasants and workers resented the special privileges
granted to the foreigners in China due to the Open Door Policy They
developed the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists AKA
Boxers
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Armed Conflicts Boxer Rebellion in China Boxers campaign
against the Dowager Empress (Qing Dynasty) and foreign privilege
became known as the Boxer Rebellion In 1900, they descended on
Beijing and surrounded the European section of the city Kept it
under siege for several months 19,000 troops marched in and
defeated the boxers Result: Strong sense of nationalism emerged in
China and believed the government must be responsive to their
needs
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Rise of Nationalism First Indian nationalist party founded in
mid- 1800s With British control, more Indians demanded
modernization and a greater role in governing themselves Didnt want
India to be controlled by outsiders Led by Ram Mohun Roy Father of
Modern India Two nationalist groups formed: Indian National
Congress and Muslim League Concentrated on concerns for Indians and
later called for self-government